The digital transformation has been underway, creating digital shadows of (almost) all physical entities and moving them to the Internet. The era of Internet of Everything has therefore started to come into play, givi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665424691
The digital transformation has been underway, creating digital shadows of (almost) all physical entities and moving them to the Internet. The era of Internet of Everything has therefore started to come into play, giving rise to unprecedented traffic growths. In this context, optical core networks forming the backbone of Internet infrastructure have been under critical issues of reaching the capacity limit of conventional fibers, a phenomenon widely referred as capacity crunch. For many years, the many-fold increases in fiber capacity is thanks to exploiting physical dimensions for multiplexing optical signals such as wavelength, polarization, time and lately space-division multiplexing using multi-core and/or few-mode fibers and such route seems to come to an end as almost all known ways have been investigated. This necessitates for a departure from traditional approaches to use the fiber capacity more efficiently and thereby improve economics of scale. Indeed, recent leapsand-bounds progresses in photonic signal processing is expected to pave the way for re-defining the optical networking realm by transforming the convention functions of intermediate nodes from simply regeneration and/or switching to incorporating photonic signal processing functions, notably encoding and decoding ones. To this end, this paper lays out a new perspective to integrate network coding (NC) functions into optical networks to achieve greater capacity efficiency in a pragmatic manner by upgrading intermediate nodes functionalities. In addition to the review of our recent proposals on creating new research problems enabled by NC operations in optical networks, we also report state-of-theart findings in the literature in an effort to renew the interest of network coding in optical networks and discuss three critical points for pushing forward its applicability and practicality including i) network coding as a new dimension for multiplexing optical signals ii) algorithmic aspects of network
The network coding always brings additional resource consumption while it can make the network to achieve the required rate. It is necessary to minimize the resource consumption in the network while achieving the desi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509063529
The network coding always brings additional resource consumption while it can make the network to achieve the required rate. It is necessary to minimize the resource consumption in the network while achieving the desired throughput. Most of the other papers consider the minimum number of encoding nodes or the minimum number of encoding links separately. Of course some papers consider trade-offs between coding and link cost, but the optimal choice for different trade-offs is not clear. This paper provides a heuristic judgment method to derive the optimal result on the selection. In this paper, the total value of the link cost and coding cost is treated as the only objective function, and the objective function is minimized based on the improved ant colony algorithm. The consideration of multi-source situation and the different value of different links is a new attempt.
network coding promises to bring significant performance improvements to sensor network protocols but algorithms need to be designed to cope with the often very constrained resources of sensor nodes. Growth Codes prop...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424409600
network coding promises to bring significant performance improvements to sensor network protocols but algorithms need to be designed to cope with the often very constrained resources of sensor nodes. Growth Codes proposed by Kamra et al. [1] are one such example aimed at improving sensor network data persistence. The codes use simple coding operations and require comparatively little memory. However, Growth Codes are based on the assumption of an extremely dynamic network topology and do not perform well in more stable settings. In this paper we propose modifications to Growth Codes that are able to achieve good performance over a wider range of static and dynamic scenarios. In particular, we investigate changes of how many and which symbols the transmitted information is coded over and how the decoding is performed. These modifications are analyzed in detail by means of simulations.
5G new radio (NR) requires a very dense deployment of cellular infrastructure, which poses a great economical challenge if traditional fiber backhaul links are used. To cope with this problem, 3GPP introduced integrat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728161242
5G new radio (NR) requires a very dense deployment of cellular infrastructure, which poses a great economical challenge if traditional fiber backhaul links are used. To cope with this problem, 3GPP introduced integrated access and backhaul (IAB), aiming to use wireless backhaul to provide high capacity and great deployment flexibility. The multi-hop and multi-route topology for this new type of access networks challenges the existing retransmission-/repetition-based reliability-enhancing technique, such as ARQ/HARQ and packet duplication. However, it also opens up new opportunities for novel reliability enhancement techniques. In this paper, taking advantage of the more complex network topology of IAB, we propose to use linear network coding as a potentially better solution to improve end-to-end latency and reliability. We discuss its placement in the IAB protocol stack, and propose two novel schemes to improve the performance of network coding in the IAB network: the rate-proportional traffic splitting scheme in the multi-route scenario, and the adaptive coded-forwarding scheme in the multi-hop scenario. Simulation results show that in some typical IAB scenarios our network coding solution has considerable performance gains over the existing repetition-based technology.
In this paper, we study the performance of device-to-device (D2D) based range extension in terms of sum rate and power efficiency when a relaying user equipment (UE) helps to improve the coverage for cell-edge UEs. In...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479919314
In this paper, we study the performance of device-to-device (D2D) based range extension in terms of sum rate and power efficiency when a relaying user equipment (UE) helps to improve the coverage for cell-edge UEs. In our design, the relaying UE has own traffic to transmit and receive to/from the cellular base station (BS) and can operate either in amplify-and-forward (AF) or decode-and-forward (DF) modes and can make use of either digital or analogue (PHY layer) network coding. In this rather general setting, we propose mode selection, resource allocation and power control schemes and study their performance by means of system simulations. We find that the performance of the DF scheme with network coding is superior both to the traditional cellular and the AF based relaying schemes, including AF with two-slot or three-slot PHY layer network coding.
network coding has been proved to be an effective technique in improving the performance of data broadcast systems because clients requesting different data items can be served simultaneously in one broadcast. Previou...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457701016
network coding has been proved to be an effective technique in improving the performance of data broadcast systems because clients requesting different data items can be served simultaneously in one broadcast. Previous studies showed that its efficiency is highly related to the content of clients' cache. However, existing data broadcast systems do not take network coding information into account when making cache replacement decisions. In this paper, we propose a network coding-aware cache replacement policy called DCA to supplement network coding assisted data broadcast in on-demand broadcast environments. The performance gain of our proposed cache replacement policy over traditional cache replacement policy is shown in the simulation results. Our policy can effectively reduce the overall response time.
Wireless sensor networks have been applied in diverse applications, from facility monitoring to localized event surveillance, e.g., in power distribution grids of developing regions where traditional cables are not fe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350330946;9798350330953
Wireless sensor networks have been applied in diverse applications, from facility monitoring to localized event surveillance, e.g., in power distribution grids of developing regions where traditional cables are not feasible. Linear wireless sensor networks are employed in such situations, where nodes link through lossy tandem links. Sensors generate and send data packets through intermediaries to reach network endpoints, where gateways forward aggregated data to a central server. Our previous research introduced a TDMA-based framework to ensure stable, cost-effective deployment, optimize delivery efficiency, and feature a proactive loss recovery mechanism in lossy links. However, as link loss increases, maintaining a high successful delivery probability that all packets from all nodes to the server becomes more challenging. Besides, the number of packets generated at sensors can fluctuate and sometimes exceed downstream link capacity, resulting in unrecovered packet losses. This paper investigates the benefit of using network coding schemes to enhance data transmission reliability in linear multi-hop wireless sensor networks, especially in a high link loss rate and packet fluctuation situations. The simulation results show a significant improvement in overall successful delivery probability and fairness (small deviations of success delivery probability among nodes) compared to the previous method in scenarios with a high link loss rate and moderate packet fluctuation.
Benefits, such as significant reduction of cost and complexity, brought by wireless communication make wireless networks more and more appealing for industrial applications. However, before wireless systems can be dep...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509020614
Benefits, such as significant reduction of cost and complexity, brought by wireless communication make wireless networks more and more appealing for industrial applications. However, before wireless systems can be deployed in industrial networks, strict industrial requirements on reliability and timeliness must be fulfilled and thus protocols increasing the performance of wireless communication are needed. Data in industrial systems is typically transmitted in two directions: from sensor nodes to a controller (uplink transmission) and from the controller to actuators (downlink transmission). Several previous studies have looked at possibilities of performance increase in uplink transmissions from the sensors, while not that much work focused on downlink transmissions, which are equally important. Thus, this paper addresses the downlink transmission scenario and presents a new protocol introducing network coding into packet forwarding scheme. Simulation results show that packet reception rate can be increased when network coding is applied.
network coding technique based wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring is described here. The network coding is implemented in CC2530 microcontroller and the performance of wireless sensor network is eval...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467393379
network coding technique based wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring is described here. The network coding is implemented in CC2530 microcontroller and the performance of wireless sensor network is evaluated by analyzing packet delivery ratio (PDR) and packet error rate (PER). It is observed that the resources can be shared among the nodes with minimum number of transmission and repetition of packets can be reduced by using network coding.
IEEE 802.16j is to enable the operation of multi-hop Relay Stations (RS). It aims to enhance the coverage, per nser throughput and system capacity of IEEE 802.16e. However, the Mobile Stations (MSs) which connect to t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788955191455
IEEE 802.16j is to enable the operation of multi-hop Relay Stations (RS). It aims to enhance the coverage, per nser throughput and system capacity of IEEE 802.16e. However, the Mobile Stations (MSs) which connect to the RS are suffering from exponentially throughput degradation and end-to-end delay increase in congested network. As the number of RS hops increases, so does the degradation and the delay growth, especially on over 3 hops scenarios. This paper proposes a network coding-based Relay scheme for multi-hop relay networks, called NC-based Relay. It allows RSs to combine multiple wireless backhaul transmissions into single transmission using network coding technique. We also propose an improved OFDMA frame structure design for multi-hop relay network, which provides higher utilization for the relay zone by reorganizing the RSs transmission sequence. The analysis and simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme can enhance the throughput gain up to 140%, and reduce the end-to-end delay by up to 83%.
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