PLC has the broadcast channel that enables overhearing and allows to use cooperative routing strategies. Opportunistic Routing (OpR) is a modern cooperative routing paradigm in broadcast channel networks such as PLC a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538619131
PLC has the broadcast channel that enables overhearing and allows to use cooperative routing strategies. Opportunistic Routing (OpR) is a modern cooperative routing paradigm in broadcast channel networks such as PLC and wireless networks. In combination with Random Linear network coding (RLNC), it has been proven to increase the achievable data rate and reliability significantly. The reliability is supported by Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) mechanisms. Traditional ARQs as StopAnd- Wait, Go-Back-N and Selective-Repeat are outperformed by the hybrid ARQs (HARQs). We analyze and compare six HARQs designed especially for protocols with network coding (NC). For this purpose, we propose a novel minimalistic evaluation setup. It reveals the disadvantages of each feedback (ARQ) mechanisms allowing an effective and fair comparison. We define performance metrics that indicate the reliability and efficiency and conduct the experiments using different NC parameters and the feedback frequency. We notice that some HARQs allow high reliability (packet loss < 10(-4)), while others have just a few percent protocol overhead. For such results, only one feedback per the code block is normally sufficient.
In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of applying Physical Layer network coding (PNC) in Multi-user Massive MIMO systems. In addition, we investigate the performance benefits of the joint Massive MIMO and PNC ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781728109602
ISBN:
(纸本)9781728109619
In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of applying Physical Layer network coding (PNC) in Multi-user Massive MIMO systems. In addition, we investigate the performance benefits of the joint Massive MIMO and PNC scheme. PNC has the potential of increasing capacity of a wireless system as the number of timeslots required for end-to-end communication reduces. We adopted a scheme that transforms the channel between a massive-antenna relay and a multitude of multi-antenna user terminals, with a Sum-Difference (SD) matrix. Through Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR), PNC is achieved by deriving the network coded symbols from the estimates of the SD symbols at the massive-antenna relay node. The equalization matrix for the estimation is based on the SD transformed channel coefficient matrix. The error performance of the proposed joint Massive MIMO and PNC is evaluated through extensive simulation results. It is shown that joint Massive MIMO and PNC performs significantly better than Massive MIMO without PNC for QPSK modulation.
The network coding optimization based on niche genetic algorithm can observably reduce the network overhead of encoding technology, however, security issues haven't been considered in the coding operation. In orde...
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The network coding optimization based on niche genetic algorithm can observably reduce the network overhead of encoding technology, however, security issues haven't been considered in the coding operation. In order to solve this problem, we propose a network coding optimization scheme for niche algorithm based on security performance (SNGA). It is on the basis of multi-target niche genetic algorithm(NGA)to construct a fitness function which with k-secure network coding mechanism, and to ensure the realization of information security and achieve the maximum transmission of the network. The simulation results show that SNGA can effectively improve the security of network coding, and ensure the running time and convergence speed of the optimal solution.
Still today, aircraft disappear and crash without communicating their last position. Looking into details, satellite communications currently seems to be the only reliable way to connect and send data on long-distance...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538663585
Still today, aircraft disappear and crash without communicating their last position. Looking into details, satellite communications currently seems to be the only reliable way to connect and send data on long-distance flights. However, geo-stationary satellite systems suffer from high propagation delays making Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes beneficial compared to error handling by retransmissions. In this paper, Random Linear network coding (RLNC) is proposed as a packet level FEC technique for high delay satellite communication. Using emulation, it is shown that correlated losses typical for a satellite channel result in a high variation in the number of redundant symbols required to decode a generation. This can be improved by using interleaving, which comes by the cost of an increased delay. A novel approach is introduced that combines On-the fly coding and interleaving. This can significantly reduce the average delay introduced by interleaving and allows to efficiently overcome correlated losses in combination with network coding for time-critical applications.
network coding is a technology with great potentiality in improving wireless multi-hop network throughput. And some routings combined with network coding have been proposed for wireless multi-hop network. In the routi...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781728161068
ISBN:
(纸本)9781728161075
network coding is a technology with great potentiality in improving wireless multi-hop network throughput. And some routings combined with network coding have been proposed for wireless multi-hop network. In the routings combined with network coding, network coding condition is used to find network coding opportunities, which is very important to the performance improving of routings combined with network coding. However, the network coding conditions defined by existing routings combined with network coding unilaterally focus on the growth of network coding opportunities, which results in the increasing of cost and delay in routing discovery. Moreover, the more flows participating network coding, the higher probability of decoding failure, which degrade the network coding gain. In this paper, low complexity network coding condition (LCNC) is proposed. LCNC only detects two-flows network coding opportunity, and ensures the destination make successful decoding. In addition, the actual network coding gain is designed through analysis of link quality. network coding opportunity will be ignored in case the actual network coding gain is negative. Based on LCNC, a low complexity network coding aware routing (LNCR) is designed aiming wireless multi-hop network. Simulation results demonstrate that LNCR obtain a balance between network coding gain and routing discovery cost, and can obtain higher network throughput when the network load is high compared with the classical network coding aware routings.
network coding simplifies routing decisions, improves throughput, and increases tolerance against packet loss. A fundamental limitation, however, is delay: decoding requires as many independent linear combinations as ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176089
network coding simplifies routing decisions, improves throughput, and increases tolerance against packet loss. A fundamental limitation, however, is delay: decoding requires as many independent linear combinations as data blocks. Prioritized network coding reduces this delay problem by introducing a hierarchy of prioritization layers. What remains is the problem of choosing a layer to approach two often-contradicting goals: reduce delay until prioritized layers can be decoded and keep the total number of transmissions low. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for this problem that - based on limited feedback primarily minimizes per-layer delay but identifies opportunities to reduce the required transmissions when per-layer delay is unaffected. Our evaluation shows that our algorithm improves per-layer delay compared to hierarchical network coding and is close to the theoretical optimum number of total transmissions.
In this paper, we propose a real-time data dissemination system based on systematic network coding (SNC) in Vehicular to infrastructure (V2I) network. We consider the delivery of data broadcasted over packet erasure V...
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In this paper, we propose a real-time data dissemination system based on systematic network coding (SNC) in Vehicular to infrastructure (V2I) network. We consider the delivery of data broadcasted over packet erasure V2I channels where the speed of vehicles changes over time. Unlike conventional existing SNC, we propose an encoding algorithm that adaptively determines how many packets need to be network coded together while explicitly considering traffic state. Specifically, we adopt regression models for estimating traffic states and show that the proposed approach outperforms in terms of decoding error rate in time-varying traffic. Our experiment results using actual highway traffic data show that the decoding error rate of the proposed approach can be reduced by 11.11% and thus confirm the effectiveness and reliability.
Two wireless nodes outside each others radio range can communicate via a node in between, known as a relay node. A relay node may be a simple repeater or a fully functional entity depending upon the deployment scenari...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781728101378
ISBN:
(纸本)9781728101385
Two wireless nodes outside each others radio range can communicate via a node in between, known as a relay node. A relay node may be a simple repeater or a fully functional entity depending upon the deployment scenario. In a two-way relay communication (TWRC), Physical-Layer network coding (PNC) exploits the superimposed nature of electromagnetic waves at the relay node to improve the throughput performance. Synchronization of information from two end users is critical when exchanging information via a relay node. Traditionally in PNC, modulation constellations sent from the two end users are chosen to be the same. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a PNC-based TWRC system in a Rayleigh fading scenario when the modulation constellation of one end user is rotated with respect to the modulation constellation at the other end user. The analysis shows that the rotated-QPSK gives distinct decision regions when the modulation constellation of QPSK and rotated-QPSK are superimposed, unlike the traditional (QPSK)(QPSK) transmission. Simulation results for the symbol error rate (SER) at the relay node shows the loss in performance of (QPSK)-(rotated-QPSK) scheme compared to the (QPSK)(QPSK) scheme due to phase rotation.
It is critical to support efficient scaling in distributed storage systems so as to meet increasing storage demands with new storage nodes. However, the scaling process incurs substantial scaling bandwidth due to reor...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538647813
It is critical to support efficient scaling in distributed storage systems so as to meet increasing storage demands with new storage nodes. However, the scaling process incurs substantial scaling bandwidth due to reorganizing currently stored data to new storage nodes. Recent work has applied network coding to minimize scaling bandwidth for a special case where (n, k) MDS codes are scaled to (n', k') MDS codes for n' - k' = n - k. In this paper, we extend the results and prove the minimum scaling bandwidth for a more general setting where (n, k) MDS codes are scaled to (n', k') MDS codes for n' > n and k' >= k. Furthermore, we present a family of MDS code construction that achieves optimal scaling from (n, k) to (n', k') where k = k'.
Providing reliable and efficient multicast services is one of the most important issues of the emerging 5G network. As the number of users grows rapidly, non-feedback multicast schemes are more suitable for bandwidth ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538631805
Providing reliable and efficient multicast services is one of the most important issues of the emerging 5G network. As the number of users grows rapidly, non-feedback multicast schemes are more suitable for bandwidth efficiency. However, conventional non-feedback multicast solutions, like the well-known Random Linear network coding (RLNC) and Systematic network coding (SNC), are suffering from complicated packet decoding and redundant packet reception at the unsaturated users. In this paper, we propose a reliable Hybrid Systematic network coding (HSNC) scheme to fully solve these problems. HSNC utilizes both deterministic and randomly generated coding vectors over the same finite field. By subtracting coding vectors with zero elements from a Reed-Solomon coding matrix, the goal to maximize the number of linear independent rows of a coding matrix can be easily realized. Close-form expressions of bit overhead ratio, decoding probability and computational cost are derived out. Numerical results show that HSNC, with or without a sliding window, outperforms RLNC and SNC in terms of the decoding probability. Moreover, HSNC has lower bit overhead and computational cost.
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