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Modeling and performance analysis of hybrid systems by queues with setup time

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 2023年 162卷

作者： Sato, Mitsuki Kawamura, Kohei Kawanishi, Ken'ichi Phung-Duc, Tuan Gunma Univ Grad Sch Sci & Technol 1-5-1 Tenjin Cho Kiryu Gunma 3768515 Japan Gunma Univ Dept Informat 1-5-1 Tenjin cho Kiryu Gunma 3768515 Japan Univ Tsukuba Inst Syst & Informat Engn 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058573 Japan

NFV (network functions virtualization) is a technology to provide network services by applying virtualization. While the virtualization technology provides flexible architecture by itself, a specific environment where physical legacy equipment and virtualized machines coexist is also considered to meet a wide range of requirements from not only users but also service providers. Motivated by such hybrid systems, we propose queueing models with two types of service facilities: legacy servers and virtual machines. Key features to focus on are that while legacy servers are always on standby, virtual machines need setup time to be ready for service because they are shutdown to reduce the power consumption if no jobs are waiting. Keeping in mind delay-sensitive real-time services, we evaluate the performance of the queueing models, in particular, the delay and energy efficiency. (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Queues with setup time network functions virtualization Hybrid systems Delay performance Energy efficiency

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Monitoring and identifying bottlenecks in virtual network functions service chains

Monitoring and identifying bottlenecks in virtual network fu...

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作者： Pfitscher, Ricardo José

network functions perform an important role in the communication between clients and endservices in computer networks. These functions, traditionally provided by hardware-based appliances, are employed to achieve various objectives, such as security, addressing, routing, and load balancing. The virtualization trend that drove cloud computing has also been applied to network functions, resulting in the network functions virtualization (NFV) concept. NFV implements hardware-based network functions (a.k.a middleboxes) as Virtual network functions (VNFs); with this paradigm shift, network providers benefit from: capital and operational expenditure reduction, acceleration of the time-to-market of novel solutions, and resource scaling. One of the main features of NFV is that VNFs can be chained and provisioned on demand, bringing elasticity and dynamicity to the network. An implication of the interdependency between VNFs is that resulting service chains may not work as expected, and because of that, it is crucial to determine which VNFs are having a negative impact on the service quality. Usually, network operators detect bottlenecks and quantify performance degradations by monitoring both virtual and physical resources, and through analytical modeling of the various components involved in network communication. However, NFV imposes additional characteristics that hinder the adoption of these approaches: the heterogeneity of environments with all sorts of VNF purposes (e.g., provide security, address translation, and performance optimization), and the unusual functioning of specific VNFs that rely on non-blocking I/O implementations In this thesis, a model to quantify the guiltiness of a VNF on being a bottleneck in a service chain is proposed. This model consists of a novel application of the Utilization Law from queuing networks theory, combined through a weighted sum of relevant metrics. These metrics were found in the literature, refined through numeric assessments on

关键词： Redes : Computadores network functions virtualization Bottlenecks identification Redes virtuais Seguranca : Redes : Computadores Performance analysis Tese

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Demonstration of Adaptive Image Transmission That Meets Various Application Requirements in 10G-EPON

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 186433-186440页

作者： Suzuki, Takahiro Kim, Sang-Yuep Koyasako, Yushi Kani, Jun-Ichi Terada, Jun NTT Corp NTT Access Network Serv Syst Labs Yokohama Kanagawa 2100835 Japan

To accommodate various applications in optical access systems, the Software-Defined network (SDN) with edge computing is the key allowing telecom operators to achieve flexible and cost-effective deployment. To control the various network functions needed to meet the variety of requests, softwarization of all access system functions, including transmission functions, and open Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) have been studied. As well as function changes, we aim at maximizing the merits of SDN by adaptively configuring network function parameters to meet individual application requirements. This paper proposes a novel access system architecture with configuration optimizer that adaptively generates parameter configuration values from application requirements, and adaptive configuration values for image transmission to enhance computation efficiency. Our proposal includes Forward Error Correction (FEC) with error correction control in decoding to suit image quality requirements. Our proposal is implemented on a general-purpose server and we demonstrate its performance using the softwarized 10G-EPON Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) functionality on an optical system. The demonstration results show that the proposed algorithm adjusts the error correction capability of FEC, and that the received image quality approaches the required value. Evaluations of FEC computation load show that the processing time of FEC is reduced compared to the standard functions of 10G-EPON depending on the optical received power and the required image quality by adjusting the error correction capability.

关键词： Software defined network network functions virtualization access network edge computing image transmission and forward error correction

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Customizable Mapping of Virtualized network Services in Multi-datacenter Environments Based on Genetic Metaheuristics

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JOURNAL OF network AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2023年第4期31卷 71-71页

作者： Fulber-Garcia, Vinicius Luizelli, Marcelo C. dos Santos, Carlos R. Paula Spinosa, Eduardo J. Duarte Jr, Elias P. Univ Fed Parana Curitiba Brazil Fed Univ Pampa Alegrete Brazil Univ Fed Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil

One of the major challenges of the network functions virtualization paradigm is to properly deploy functions and services across the network. In particular, current solutions for multi-datacenter service mapping present several restrictions in terms of the choice of optimization models and metrics. This lack of flexibility ultimately leads to sub-optimized mappings that do not meet the (often conflicting) requirements of all the parties involved in the deployment process (e.g., network operators, clients, providers). This work proposes Genetic Service Mapping (GeSeMa), a new intelligent mapping solution based on genetic algorithms. GeSeMa enables flexible configuration of the evaluation setup, which is used to generate candidate mappings. The solution allows the specification of arbitrary optimization metrics, constraints, and different evaluation policies. A genetic algorithm processes mapping requests and iteratively creates/evolves candidate mappings. We evaluate GeSeMa through comprehensive case studies, including a comparison with other classic and state-of-the-art alternatives.

关键词： network functions virtualization Service function chain Deployment Embedding Mapping Genetic algorithm

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Customizable Deployment of NFV Services

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JOURNAL OF network AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2021年第3期29卷 36-36页

作者： Fulber-Garcia, Vinicius Huff, Alexandre Marcuzzo, Leonardo da C. Luizelli, Marcelo C. Schaeffer-Filho, Alberto E. Granville, Lisandro Z. dos Santos, Carlos R. P. Duarte Junior, Elias P. Univ Fed Parana Curitiba Parana Brazil Fed Technol Univ Parana Curitiba Parana Brazil Univ Fed Santa Maria Santa Maria RS Brazil Fed Univ Pampa Alegrete Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil

network functions virtualization (NFV) promotes a paradigm shift in the core network, by enabling the execution of network functions on a virtualized software plane instead of on dedicated hardware. Despite its benefits, NFV introduces new challenges, of which we highlight those related to the deployment of virtualized network services. Current NFV deployment solutions (i.e., those for composition, embedding, and scheduling) are usually limited to optimize hard-coded criteria, and cannot be customized to address specific demands defined by both network operators and NFV-as-a-Service customers. In this paper, we present a customizable NFV deployment framework that allows multiple criteria and multiple objectives to be applied to service composition, embedding, and scheduling. We evaluate the proposed framework integrated to deployment solutions specified in the literature. A case study is presented for the customized deployment of a traffic control and security service, and demonstrates the flexibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework.

关键词： network functions virtualization network service Service function chain Framework Deployment Composition Embedding Scheduling

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Paving the Way for NFV Acceleration: A Taxonomy, Survey and Future Directions

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2020年第4期53卷 73-73页

作者： Fei, Xincai Liu, Fangming Zhang, Qixia Jin, Hai Hu, Hongxin Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Natl Engn Res Ctr Big Data Technol & Syst Key Lab Serv Comp Technol & Syst Minist EducSch Comp Sci & Technol 1037 Luoyu Rd Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Clemson Univ Clemson SC 29634 USA

As a recent innovation, network functions virtualization (NFV)-with its core concept of replacing hardware middleboxes with software network functions (NFs) implemented in commodity servers-promises cost savings and flexibility benefits. However, transitioning NFs fromspecial-purpose hardware to commodity servers has turned out to be more challenging than expected, as it inevitably incurs performance penalties due to bottlenecks in both software and hardware. To achieve performance comparable to hardware middleboxes, there is a strong demand for a speedup in NF processing, which plays a crucial role in the success of NFV. In this article, we study the performance challenges that exist in general-purpose servers and simultaneously summarize the typical performance bottlenecks in NFV. Through reviewing the progress in the field of NFV acceleration, we present a new taxonomy of the state-of-the-art efforts according to various acceleration approaches. We discuss the surveyed works and identify the respective advantages and disadvantages in each category. We then discuss the products, solutions, and projects emerged in industry. We also present a gap analysis to improve current solutions and highlight promising research trends that can be explored in the future.

关键词： network functions virtualization NFV acceleration high performance

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S6: a Smart, Social and SDN-based Surveillance System for Smart-cities

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Procedia Computer Science 2017年 110卷 361-368页

作者： Corrado Rametta Gabriele Baldoni Alfio Lombardo Sergio Micalizzi Alessandro Vassallo DIEEI – University of Catania V. le Doria 6 Catania 95125 Italy

In the last few years, Software Defined networks (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) have been introduced in the Internet as a new way to design, deploy and manage networking services. Working together, they are able to consolidate and deliver the networking components using standard IT virtualization technologies not only on high-volume servers, but also in end user premises, Telco operator edge and access nodes thus allowing the emergence of new services. In this context, this paper presents a smart video surveillance platform designed to exploit the facilities offered by full SDN-NFV networks. This platform is based on free and open source software running on Provider Equipment (PE), so allowing function deployment simplification and management cost reduction.

关键词： Software Defined networking network functions virtualization Fog/Edge Computing Live Video Broadcasting

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Video Broadcasting Services Over SDN-NFV Enabled networks: A Prototype

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Procedia Computer Science 2016年 98卷 560-565页

作者： Gabriele Baldoni Marcello Melita Sergio Micalizzi Corrado Rametta Giovanni Schembra Alessandro Vassallo DIEEI – University of Catania V.le Doria 6 Catania 95125 Italy Strategy & Innovation Joint Open Lab - WAVE Telecom Italia V.le Doria 6 Catania 95125 Italy

Software Defined networks (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) have been introduced in the telecommunications engineering as a new way to design, deploy and manage networking services. Working together, they are able to consolidate and deliver the networking components using standard IT virtualization technologies making, in such a way, carriers infrastructures more flexible and adaptive in respect to the needs of both end-users and service providers. In this context, this paper presents the architecture and the related prototype of a video broadcasting service tailored for SDN-NVF enabled networks, allowing network and application functions deployment simplification and management cost reduction. In such a way, the proposed solution enables small/medium and unusual content providers to share events with a restricted number of interested users without the need of adopting a dedicated and expensive data delivery infrastructure.

关键词： Software Defined networking network functions virtualization network Orchestration On-demand services Multimedia Applications.

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Priority/Demand-Based Resource Management with Intelligent O-RAN for Energy-Aware Industrial Internet of Things

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PROCESSES 2024年第12期12卷 2674-2674页

作者： Ros, Seyha Kang, Seungwoo Song, Inseok Cha, Geonho Tam, Prohim Kim, Seokhoon Soonchunhyang Univ Dept Software Convergence Asan 31538 South Korea Amer Univ Phnom Penh Sch Digital Technol Phnom Penh 12106 Cambodia Soonchunhyang Univ Dept Comp Software Engn Asan 31538 South Korea

The last decade has witnessed the explosive growth of the internet of things (IoT), demonstrating the utilization of ubiquitous sensing and computation services. Hence, the industrial IoT (IIoT) is integrated into IoT devices. IIoT is concerned with the limitation of computation and battery life. Therefore, mobile edge computing (MEC) is a paradigm that enables the proliferation of resource computing and reduces network communication latency to realize the IIoT perspective. Furthermore, an open radio access network (O-RAN) is a new architecture that adopts a MEC server to offer a provisioning framework to address energy efficiency and reduce the congestion window of IIoT. However, dynamic resource computation and continuity of task generation by IIoT lead to challenges in management and orchestration (MANO) and energy efficiency. In this article, we aim to investigate the dynamic and priority of resource management on demand. Additionally, to minimize the long-term average delay and computation resource-intensive tasks, the Markov decision problem (MDP) is conducted to solve this problem. Hence, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is conducted to address the optimal handling policy for MEC-enabled O-RAN architectures. In this study, MDP-assisted deep q-network-based priority/demanding resource management, namely DQG-PD, has been investigated in optimizing resource management. The DQG-PD algorithm aims to solve resource management and energy efficiency in IIoT devices, which demonstrates that exploiting the deep Q-network (DQN) jointly optimizes computation and resource utilization of energy for each service request. Hence, DQN is divided into online and target networks to better adapt to a dynamic IIoT environment. Finally, our experiment shows that our work can outperform reference schemes in terms of resources, cost, energy, reliability, and average service completion ratio.

关键词： energy efficient network functions virtualization open radio access network software-defined network industry internet of things

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Efficient Traffic Engineering in an NFV Enabled IoT System

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SENSORS 2020年第11期20卷 3198.-3198.页

作者： Thi-Thuy-Lien Nguyen Tuan-Minh Pham Vietnam Natl Univ Univ Engn & Technol Hanoi 100000 Vietnam Hanoi Natl Univ Educ Fac Informat Technol Hanoi 100000 Vietnam Phenikaa Univ Fac Comp Sci Hanoi 12116 Vietnam Phenikaa Univ Phenikaa Inst Adv Study PIAS Hanoi 12116 Vietnam

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly creating new market possibilities in several industries' sectors such as smart homes, smart manufacturing, and smart cities, to link the digital and physical worlds. A key challenge in an IoT system is to ensure network performance and cost-efficiency when a plethora of data is generated and proliferated. The adoption of network Function virtualization (NFV) technologies within an IoT environment enables a new approach of providing services in a more agile and cost-efficient way. We address the problem of traffic engineering with multiple paths for an NFV enabled IoT system (vIoT), taking into account the fluctuation of traffic volume in various time periods. We first formulate the problem as a mixed linear integer programming model for finding the optimal solution of link-weight configuration and traffic engineering. We then develop heuristic algorithms for a vIoT system with a large number of devices. Our solution enables a controller to adjust a link weight system and update a flow table at an NFV switch for directing IoT traffic through a service function chain in a vIoT system. The evaluation results under both synthetic and real-world datasets of network traffic and topologies show that our approach to traffic engineering with multiple paths remarkably improves several performance metrics for a vIoT system.

关键词： internet of things vIoT network functions virtualization traffic engineering optimization

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