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Intermittent Dynamic Event-Triggered Optimal control for networked control systems With Input Saturation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR control 2025年第6期35卷 1935-1949页

作者： Zhang, Cong Zhang, Xiaodan Xiao, Feng Wei, Bo North China Elect Power Univ State Key Lab Alternate Elect Power Syst Renewable Beijing Peoples R China North China Elect Power Univ Sch Control & Comp Engn Beijing Peoples R China

In this article, we explore an event-triggered optimal control problem for nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) with input saturation and aperiodic intermittent control. First, a non-quadratic cost function with the property of intermittent control is formulated, and a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is designed based on the given cost function to acquire optimal control inputs. To avoid continuous-time communication in networks, a novel aperiodically intermittent dynamic event-triggered (AIDET) control scheme, integrating a dynamic event-triggered control scheme and an aperiodic intermittent control scheme, is proposed in this article. A piecewise continuous internal dynamic variable is introduced in the event-triggering condition, which is more conducive to increasing inter-event times than static event-triggering schemes. Furthermore, the event-triggering condition designed in this article is proven strictly to exclude the Zeno behavior. Moreover, due to the difficulty of directly solving the HJB equation, an actor-critic algorithm in the AIDET scheme is proposed to approximate the optimal control inputs. The approximation errors of weight vectors are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The stability of the considered systems in the proposed AIDET control scheme is analyzed using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, some simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed actor-critic algorithm-based AIDET control scheme.

关键词： actor-critic algorithm data-driven optimal control input saturation intermittent control networked control systems

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Joint Probabilistic Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Wireless networked control systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 258-260页

作者： Meng Zheng Lei Zhang Wei Liang IEEE the State Key Laboratory of Robotics and the Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dear Editor,This letter presents a joint probabilistic scheduling and resource allocation method(PSRA) for 5G-based wireless networked control systems(WNCSs). As a control-aware optimization method, PSRA minimizes the linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) control cost of WNCSs by optimizing the activation probability of subsystems, the number of uplink repetitions, and the durations of uplink and downlink phases. Simulation results show that PSRA achieves smaller LQG control costs than existing works.

关键词： networked control systems

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Neural-based event-triggered observer design for adaptive sliding mode control of nonlinear networked control systems

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF systems SCIENCE 2025年第4期56卷 850-865页

作者： Yang, Yiming Fan, Songli Meng, Xin Jiang, Baoping Suzhou Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Suzhou 215009 Peoples R China Nanjing Tech Univ Sch Phys & Math Sci Nanjing Peoples R China

This study investigates the application of sliding mode control within the context of networked control systems subject to both internal and external disturbances, employing an event-triggered mechanism that leverages neural networks and incorporates an adaptive control strategy. The networked control system is first modelled, and an event-triggered communication strategy based on neural networks is proposed, allowing the observer to selectively receive the latest sampled data. Next, a sliding mode observer is devised to track the sliding motion and error system, demonstrating system stability and robustness through linear matrix inequalities. In order to pledge the attainment of the sliding surface within a prescribed period, a dynamically adaptive sliding mode controller driven by event-based triggering is devised, proving the positivity of the lower bound of event-triggered intervals. Finally, simulations using a single-link mechanical arm model validate the superiority and effectiveness of the recommended approach.

关键词： networked control systems event-triggered mechanism adaptive sliding mode control observer design

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Model-free extended Q-learning method for H∞, output tracking control of networked control systems with network delays and packet loss

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2025年 634卷

作者： Hao, Longyan Wang, Chaoli Liang, Dong Li, Shihua Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Dept Control Sci & Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Automat Nanjing 211189 Peoples R China

In this paper, the extended Q-learning method is used to study the HPo output tracking control (HOTC) problem of networked control systems with state delay and data loss. Compared with the existing results, the network control system in this paper contains both network delays and packet loss, as well as external disturbances. To deal with the disturbances, the HPo control problem is transformed into the maximum and minimum value problem, which is solved by the method of zero-sum game. The packet loss and delay of the state make it difficult to obtain accurate current state information. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new smith predictor that contains delay and packet loss to predict the current state. Using the predicted state, the extended Qlearning algorithm is implemented to solve the HPo output tracking problem with unknown dynamics of the system. Then, the convergence of the extended Q-learning algorithm is proved. Moreover, the stability and optimality of the proposed method are analyzed in the theorems. Finally, numerical simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Q-learning algorithm networked control systems H(infinity)output tracking control

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Finite-time fault detection for stochastic nonlinear networked control systems via interval type-2 T-S fuzzy framework

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NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2025年第13期113卷 16493-16510页

作者： Zeng, Yi Wang, Zhenhuan Wu, Ligang Lam, Hak-Keung Harbin Inst Technol Dept Control Sci & Engn Harbin 150000 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Res Ctr Space Control & Inertial Technol Harbin 150000 Peoples R China Kings Coll London Dept Engn London WC2R 2LS England

For security and maintenance purposes, fault detection is remarkable for maintaining the smooth operation of networked control systems (NCSs). In addition, the common nonlinearity and uncertainty as well as complex dynamics such as successive packet dropouts and multiplicative noises in various industrial NCSs will hinder or slow down the fault detection and increase the difficulty of analysis, which prompt us to seek better fault detection design. In view of the above, the problem of finite-time fault detection filtering design for uncertain nonlinear NCSs with multiplicative stochastic noises and successive packet dropout is studied in the paper. The NCS with nonlinearity and uncertainty is modeled as an interval type-2 (IT2) T-S fuzzy NCS, and also, a premise-mismatched IT2 T-S fuzzy fault detection filter is constructed accordingly. The challenges of the above-mentioned fault filter design are to overcome the analysis difficulties caused by the premise-mismatch design and how to increase the membership function (MF) utilization in obtaining the fuzzy filter. After the fault detection residual system is formed, the robust performance subject to finite-time bounded constraint of the residual system is analyzed to make the fault detected timely. Furthermore, a novel IT2 fuzzy finite-time fault detection filter parameter acquisition scheme based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique is proposed. In the proposed method, the premise-mismatched design makes the realization of the filter less difficult and increases the flexibility of design. Also, in the obtained method, a developed membership-function-dependent (MFD) technique is introduced to realize the efficient use of the MF information and reduce the conservativeness of the method, which can also be extended to other problems related to IT2 fuzzy models. Numerical simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed finite-time IT2 fuzzy fault detection method.

关键词： Interval type-2 T-S fuzzy system Fault detection networked control systems

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Optimal tracking performance of networked control systems with time delay under multiplicative false data injection attacks

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systems & control LETTERS 2025年 196卷

作者： Zhang, Bin Ren, Yingying An, Cuijuan Ding, Da-Wei Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Automat & Elect Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Minist Educ Key Lab Knowledge Automat Ind Proc Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

This paper investigates the optimal tracking performance (OTP) of networked control systems (NCSs) with time delay subjected to multiplicative false data injection (FDI) attacks. An auxiliary model is proposed to preserve the influences of the first and second moments of the attacked channel output through a supplementary additive process. By employing a two-degree-of-freedom control (TDOF) scheme and a frequency-domain analysis approach, a display expression for the OTP of NCSs is derived. It is shown that the OTP has a close relation with the intrinsic characteristic of the plant, time delay, and statistical characteristics of multiplicative false data. Finally, a numerical example is provided to validate the results.

关键词： networked control systems Multiplicative false data injection attacks Non-minimum phase zeros Optimal tracking performance Unstable poles

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Security Allocation in networked control systems Under Stealthy Attacks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON control OF NETWORK systems 2025年第1期12卷 216-227页

作者： Nguyen, Anh Tung Teixeira, Andre M. H. Medvedev, Alexander Uppsala Univ Dept Informat Technol SE-75105 Uppsala Sweden

In this article, we consider the problem of security allocation in a networked control system under stealthy attacks. The system is comprised of interconnected subsystems represented by vertices. A malicious adversary selects a single vertex on which to conduct a stealthy data injection attack with the purpose of maximally disrupting a distant target vertex while remaining undetected. Defense resources against the adversary are allocated by a defender on several selected vertices. First, the objectives of the adversary and the defender with uncertain targets are formulated in a probabilistic manner, resulting in an expected worst-case impact of stealthy attacks. Next, we provide a graph-theoretic necessary and sufficient condition under which the cost for the defender and the expected worst-case impact of stealthy attacks are bounded. This condition enables the defender to restrict the admissible actions to dominating sets of the graph representing the network. Then, the security allocation problem is solved through a Stackelberg game-theoretic framework. Finally, the obtained results are validated through a numerical example of a 50-vertex networked control system.

关键词： Security networked control systems Games control systems Resource management Cyberattack Monitoring Cyber-physical security networked control system Stackelberg game stealthy attack

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A control-Recoverable Added-Noise-Based Privacy Scheme for LQ control in networked control systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 2025年第4期70卷 2730-2737页

作者： Tang, Xuening Cao, Xianghui Zheng, Wei Xing Southeast Univ Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Inst Intelligent Autonomous Syst Sch Automat Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Western Sydney Univ Sch Comp Data & Math Sci Sydney NSW 2751 Australia

As networked control systems continue to evolve, ensuring the privacy of sensitive data becomes an increasingly pressing concern, especially in situations where the controller is physically separated from the plant. In this article, we propose a secure control scheme for computing linear quadratic control in a networked control system utilizing two networked controllers, a privacy encoder, and a control restorer. Specifically, the encoder generates two state signals blurred with random noise and sends them to the controllers, while the restorer reconstructs the correct control signal. The proposed design effectively preserves the privacy of the control system's state without sacrificing the control performance. We theoretically quantify the privacy-preserving performance in terms of the state estimation error of the controllers and the disclosure probability. In addition, the proposed privacy-preserving scheme is also proven to satisfy differential privacy. Moreover, we extend the proposed privacy-preserving scheme and evaluation method to cases where collusion between two controllers occurs. Finally, we verify the validity of our proposed scheme through simulations.

关键词： Privacy Noise Trajectory networked control systems Protection Autonomous aerial vehicles Probability density function Performance evaluation Differential privacy Covariance matrices Added noise (AN) disclosure probability linear quadratic (LQ) control networked control system state privacy

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Regulation performance limitation of networked control systems under dual-channel noise constraints

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ASIAN JOURNAL OF control 2025年第0期

作者： He, Sicheng Yang, Qingsheng Zhan, Xisheng Wu, Bo Hubei Normal Univ Sch Coll Mechatron & Control Engn Huangshi 435002 Peoples R China

In this paper, we examine the regulation performance of single-input single-output networked control systems (NCSs). Network limitations such as time delay, noise, and insufficient bandwidth significantly challenge the regulation performance of NCSs. We derive the regulation performance limits under dual-channel Gaussian noise, encoding-decoding processes, and bandwidth constraints using coprime factorization and spectral techniques. Our findings reveal that the regulation performance of NCSs is closely associated with the nonminimum phase zeros, unstable poles, and the communication constraints of the network. We also present a numerical simulation to validate our findings.

关键词： bandwidth constrains dual-channel noise encoding-decoding networked control systems regulation performance

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Network Design for Efficient Video Data Transmission With Real-Time Traffic Constraints in networked control systems

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 54663-54671页

作者： Awad, Moustafa M. Refaat, Tarek Daoud, Ramez Elsayed, Hany M. Amer, Hassanein H. Amer Univ Cairo Elect & Commun Engn Dept New Cairo 11835 Egypt Fortra LLC Res & Dev Ctr Ottawa ON M5L 1B9 Canada Cairo Univ Elect & Commun Engn Dept Giza 12613 Egypt

This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently transmitting video data in networked control systems while meeting stringent real-time constraints such as low latency and minimal packet loss. The objective is to develop a simple yet scalable network architecture that minimizes end-to-end delays for critical watchdog traffic, ensuring system reliability and performance. The proposed design includes three interconnected workcells with sensors, controllers, actuators, and cameras, and is capable of managing bandwidth-intensive video data alongside time-sensitive control traffic. Using delay calculations and Riverbed simulations, the study evaluates transmission, propagation, queuing, and processing delays. By implementing traffic management strategies like phase-shifting camera traffic, the solution achieves a significant improvement in delay reduction, decreasing end-to-end delays for watchdog traffic by over 95%, demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating congestion and ensuring timely data delivery.

关键词： Delays Real-time systems Cameras Streaming media networked control systems Data communication Switches Network architecture Actuators Sensors Network enhancement real-time traffic video transmission queuing delay traffic management delay analysis networked control systems

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