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作者： JUUSO TAPANINEN Tampere University of Technology

学位级别：硕士

Microservices are a method for creating distributed services. Instead of monolithic applica- tions, where all of the functionality runs inside the same process, every microservice specializes in a specific task. This allows for more fine-grained scaling and utilization of the individual services, while also making the microservices easier to reason about. Push notifications can cause unexpectedly high loads for services, especially when they are being sent to all users. With enough users, this load can become overwhelming. Most services have three options to meet this increased demand: scale the service either ho- rizontally or vertically, improve the performance of the service or send the notifications in batches. In our service, we chose to implement the batched sending of notifications. This caused issues in the amount of time it took to send all notifications. Instead of a short peak in traffic, the service had to manage consistently high load for a long period of time. This thesis is part literary study, where we research microservices in more detail and go th- rough the more common architectural patterns associated with them. We explore a produc- tion service that had issues with meeting the demand during high load caused by push no- tifications. To understand the production environment and its restrictions, we also explain the runtime, node. js, and the cloud provider, Heroku, that were used. We go through the clustering implementation details that allowed our API gateway to scale vertically more effectively. Based on our performance evaluation of an example node. js application and our produc- tion environment, clustering is an easy and effective way to enable vertical scaling for No- de. js applications. However, even with better hardware, there still exists a breaking point where the service can not manage any more traffic and autoscaling is not good enough to meet the demand. A service requires constant monitoring and performance improvements from the dev

关键词： microservice API gateway Platform as a Service node. js

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Performance Evaluation of a Modern Web Architecture

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND WEB ENGINEERING 2013年第1期8卷 36-50页

作者： Lundar, Johan Andre Gronli, Tor-Morten Ghinea, Gheorghita Brunel Univ Sch Informat Syst Comp & Math Uxbridge Middx England Norwegian Sch Informat Technol Oslo Norway

The past decade has marked a shift in Web development as users have become accustomed to Web applications with dynamic content and enhanced user experience. Different languages and technologies have been utilised to make way for such applications, gradually stretching existing standards and protocols to its limits. The field of Web development has been characterized by a lack of coherent architectural concepts, partly due to the absences of standard protocols that support modern communication styles. As a result of this, systems specifically designed for real-time data delivery have been required and realised with proprietary technology in the industry, consequently violating established software engineering principles such as modularity, consistency and simplicity. This paper explores how current Web technologies support the requirements of modern Web applications. A prototype application was developed in the last phase to demonstrate the efficacy of combining the WebSocket protocol and API together with the use of JavaScript as exclusive programming language at the client and server. Based on the findings of the research carried out it appears that the use of protocols and standards such as WebSocket, WebSocket API and Server-Sent Events caters for higher network performance, increased flexibility and standards compliance.

关键词： AJAX Javascript node. js Performance Representational State Transfer ( REST) Web Architectures WebSocket

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Reasons and Drawbacks of using Trivial npm Packages: The Developers' Perspective 2017

Reasons and Drawbacks of using Trivial <i>npm</i> Packages: ...

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11th Joint Meeting of European Software Engineering Conference (ESEC) / ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE)

作者： Abdalkareem, Rabe Concordia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn Data Driven Anal Software DAS Lab Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450351058

Code reuse is traditionally seen as good practice. Recent trends have pushed the idea of code reuse to an extreme, by using packages that implement simple and trivial tasks, which we call 'trivial packages'. A recent incident where a trivial package led to the breakdown of some of the most popular web applications such as Facebook and Netflix, put the spotlight on whether using trivial packages should be encouraged. Therefore, in this research, we mine more than 230,000 npm packages and 38,000 JavaScript projects in order to study the prevalence of trivial packages. We found that trivial packages are common, making up 16.8% of the studied npm packages. We performed a survey with 88 node. js developers who use trivial packages to understand the reasons for and drawbacks of their use. We found that trivial packages are used because they are perceived to be well-implemented and tested pieces of code. However, developers are concerned about maintaining and the risks of breakages due to the extra dependencies trivial packages introduce.

关键词： JavaScript node. js Code Reuse Empirical Studies

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A Lightweight Platform Implementation for Internet of Things 3

A Lightweight Platform Implementation for Internet of Things

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3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud) / International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD)

作者： Heo, Young Ju Oh, Sung Min Chin, Won Sang Jang, Ju Wook Sogang Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781467381031

As the number of IoT devices explodes, we observe numerous IoT platforms which enables us to build applications, manage, and integrate things connected to the Internet. We identify key technologies embedded in contemporary IoT platforms as follows: virtualization, restful API, database for history, visualization, and mashup. Most IoT platforms are heavy-weight in terms of software or hardware and often require proprietary protocols. In this paper, we introduce a lightweight implementation of IoT platform which can be easily built from off-the-shelf components and windows OS, still realizing all the above key technologies as found in most heavy-weight IoT platforms. In addition, we make our IoT platform smart by adding context-awareness.

关键词： Internet of things node. js lightweight visualization virtualization Context

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Characterizing and Taming Non-deterministic Bugs in JavaScript Applications 32

Characterizing and Taming Non-deterministic Bugs in JavaScri...

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32nd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Wang, Jie Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Comp Sci Inst Software Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538626849

JavaScript has become one of the most popular programming languages for both client-side and server-side applications. In JavaScript applications, events may be generated, triggered and consumed non-deterministically. Thus, JavaScript applications may suffer from non-deterministic bugs, when events are triggered and consumed in an unexpected order. In this proposal, we aim to characterize and combat non-deterministic bugs in JavaScript applications. Specifically, we first perform a comprehensive study about real-world non-deterministic bugs in server-side JavaScript applications. In order to facilitate bug diagnosis, we further propose approaches to isolate the necessary events that are responsible for the occurrence of a failure. We also plan to design new techniques in detecting non-deterministic bugs in JavaScript applications.

关键词： JavaScript node. js non-deterministic bug empirical study record and replay bug detection

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PROGRESSIVE NETWORK DEPLOYMENT, PERFORMANCE, AND CONTROL WITH SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING

PROGRESSIVE NETWORK DEPLOYMENT, PERFORMANCE, AND CONTROL WIT...

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作者： Daniel J. Casey Air Force Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

The inflexible nature of traditional computer networks has led to tightly-integrated systems that are inherently difficult to manage and secure. To remedy this, new designs have moved low-level network control from hardware into software creating software-defined networks (SDN) that are centrally controlled, programmable, and dynamic. However, augmenting an existing network with these enhancements can be expensive and complex with unpredictable results. This research investigates solutions to these problems through hardware and software. For hardware, it is hypothesized that an add-on device, or "shim" could be used to make a traditional switch behave as an OpenFlow SDN switch while maintaining reasonable performance. A cost-saving design is proposed to enable experimentation on existing networks and the ability to quantify benefits of upgrading before investing. A design prototype is implemented, tested, and found to cause approximately 1.5% reduction in throughput for one flow and less than double increase in latency, showing that such a solution may be feasible for gaining insight into the value of network upgrades before committing to the costs. For software, it is hypothesized that a new design built on event-loop and reactive programming may yield a controller that is both higher-performing than existing research-based controllers and easier to program. The contribution is in three blocks that build on each other: a schema, a library, and a framework. The schema provides a means to standardize OpenFlow application programming in any language, an important step in creating a standardized northbound interface and in making network applications portable between platforms. The library node.openflow extends high- performance message encoding and decoding to the node. js platform. The framework rxdn applies the reactive programming paradigm in a novel way to create network applications that are functional, modular, and intuitive. The library and framework are benchm

关键词： Software-Defined Networking FPGA VHDL network controller schema jsON Schema event loop Reactive Extensions Rxjs JavaScript node. js TypeScript Cbench

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General IoT Concept Design and Implementation

General IoT Concept Design and Implementation

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作者： Arto Ranta Aalto University

学位级别：硕士

The impact of Internet of Things on business, society, manufacturing, industries and sup- ply chain is significant. Modern technologies enable us to monitor and control things in new ways and in real-time. In addition, connecting appliances to work together has become easier than before. Although, development has only begun in the world of IoT as current implementations cover only fraction of the smart solutions visioned by future researchers. Consuming data produced by sensors connected to the Internet creates an opportunity to implement various kinds of solutions. In general, use cases consist of same kind of software components. Similarity of components forms a question: Could a general concept be de- signed and used as a basis to kickstart development of IoT application? This thesis proposes a general concept to advise IoT related software development and introduces a design and implementation steps of an example IoT-solution. Estimating business value of an IoT-solution might require piloting. Hence, agile software develop- ment aims to reduce cost of experimenting in the field of IoT. Furthermore, utilizing a template might also help to organize work load on any project. We begin this thesis with a background study on history of IoT, protocols and standards. Applications and trends are also discussed. Relevant communication, authentication and database technologies are reviewed. Concept components are identified by conducting case study on previous imple- mentations and resulted concept applied to structure a system architecture, which includes a traditional REST API endpoints and modern socket connection to support real-time data streaming. Example implementation is developed using node. js to produce software modules and test the designed concept.

关键词： Internet of Things software development concept design REST node. js

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Honeyhive - A Network Intrusion Detection System Framework Utilizing Distributed Internet of Things Honeypot Sensors

Honeyhive - A Network Intrusion Detection System Framework U...

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作者： Zachary D. Madison Air Force Institute of Technology

学位级别：硕士

Exploding over the past decade, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the Internet jumped from 3.8 billion in 2015 to 17.8 billion in 2018. Because so many IoT devices remain upatched, unmonitored, and left on, they have become a tantalizing target for attackers to gain network access or add another device to their botnet. HoneyHive is a framework that uses distributed IoT honeypots as Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) sensors that beacon back to a centralized Command and Control (C2) server. The tests in this experiment involve four types of scans and four levels of active honeypots against the HoneyHive framework and a traditional NIDS on the simulated test network. This research successfully created a framework of distributed network intrusion detection IoT honeypot sensors that capture traffic, create alerts, and beacon back to a central C2 server. The HoneyHive framework successfully detected intrusions that traditional NIDS cannot through the use of distributed IoT honeypot sensors and packet capture aggregation.

关键词： Cyber Security Network Security Network Monitoring Command and Control HoneyHive Honeypot IoT NIDS Honeyd Snort Suricata Nmap node. js Python SQLite Scapy PCAP VMware Docker Honeytokens Cyber Deception

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