noncoding rnas (ncrnas) are critical regulators of mitochondrial function in cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have explored the manipulation of ncrnas in mitochondrial dysfunction in different cardiovascular d...
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noncoding rnas (ncrnas) are critical regulators of mitochondrial function in cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have explored the manipulation of ncrnas in mitochondrial dysfunction in different cardiovascular disease contexts, however, there is a dearth of information on the exploration of these noncoding rnas as actual therapeutics to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review examines the roles of various ncrnas in modulating mitochondrial dysfunction across major cardiovascular diseases and how they can be targeted to the mitochondria. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Web of Science and Scopus databases, following the PRISMA guidelines. Original research articles in the English language, focusing on ncrnas and mitochondrial dysfunction in specific cardiovascular diseases, were eligible for inclusion. A total of 76 studies were included in the systematic review with up to 100 ncrnas identified as therapeutic biomarkers. The identified ncrnas participate in regulating mitochondrial processes including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fission/fusion dynamics, apoptosis, and calcium handling in cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondrial targeting moieties including mitochondrial targeting cell-penetrating peptides, mitochondrial targeting liposomes, and aptamers can be conjugated to ncrnas and delivered to the heart via various injection routes including the pericardium or the myocardium. However, significant challenges remain in developing effective delivery methods to modulate these ncrnas in vivo.
Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) is a common and serious disease with abnormal cardiac function. Accumulating evidence has indicated certain non-coding rnas (ncrnas), functioning as competing endogenous rnas (...
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Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) is a common and serious disease with abnormal cardiac function. Accumulating evidence has indicated certain non-coding rnas (ncrnas), functioning as competing endogenous rnas (cernas), impacting the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the specific involvement of ncrna-mediated cerna regulatory mechanisms in TIC remains elusive. The present research aims to comprehensively investigate changes in the expressions of all ncrna using whole-transcriptome rna sequencing. The sequencing analysis unveiled significant dysregulation, identifying a total of 43 circular rnas (circrnas), 270 long noncoding rnas (lncrnas), 12 micrornas (mirnas), and 4131 mrnas in trastuzumab-treated mouse hearts. Subsequently, circrna-based cerna networks consisting of 82 nodes and 91 edges, as well as lncrnabased cerna networks comprising 111 nodes and 112 edges, were constructed. Using the CytoNCA plugin, pivotal genes -miR-31-5p and miR-644-5p -were identified within these networks, exhibiting potential relevance in TIC treatment. Additionally, KEGG and GO analyses were conducted to explore the functional pathways associated with the genes within the cerna networks. The outcomes of the predicted cernas and bioinformatics analyses elucidated the plausible involvement of ncrnas in TIC pathogenesis. This insight contributes to a better understanding of underlying mechanisms and aids in identifying promising targets for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Cardiac aging is a multifaceted process that encompasses structural and functional alterations culminating in heart failure. As the elderly population continues to expand, there is a growing urgent need for interventi...
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Cardiac aging is a multifaceted process that encompasses structural and functional alterations culminating in heart failure. As the elderly population continues to expand, there is a growing urgent need for interventions to combat age-related cardiac functional decline. noncoding rnas have emerged as critical regulators of cellular and biochemical processes underlying cardiac disease. This review summarizes our current understanding of how noncoding rnas function in the heart during aging, with particular emphasis on mechanisms of rna modification that control their activity. Targeting noncoding rnas as potential novel therapeutics in cardiac aging is also discussed.
Long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, influencing a wide range of biological processes. In this study, we investigate the regulatory role of the lncrna IDI2-AS1 in the i...
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Long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, influencing a wide range of biological processes. In this study, we investigate the regulatory role of the lncrna IDI2-AS1 in the immune response. Our previous observations demonstrated that IDI2-AS1 expression is downregulated in A549 cells upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and poly I:C, which mimic bacterial and viral infections, respectively. Here, we analyzed the expression changes of 13 immune response genes following sirna-mediated knockdown of IDI2-AS1 in A549 cells. Notably, our results revealed a significant and selective upregulation of interleukin 5 (IL5) mrna expression, which increased approximately 60-fold, along with a corresponding similar to 70-fold increase in IL5 protein levels. These findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism in which IDI2-AS1 functions as a suppressor of IL5 expression under normal conditions. During simulated bacterial or viral infections, the downregulation of IDI2-AS1 appears to initiate a rapid and robust increase in IL5 expression. Given the pivotal role of IL5 in allergic inflammation and eosinophil regulation, the IDI2-AS1-IL5 axis may represent an important pathway in the immune response to pathogenic challenges. This study provides new insights into the intricate interplay between lncrnas and cytokine gene regulation in innate immunity, potentially offering novel therapeutic targets for immune-related disorders.
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are stable, noncanonical structures formed in guanine (G)-rich sequences of DNA/ rna. G4 structures are reported to play a regulatory role in various cellular processes and, recently, a considerab...
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G-quadruplexes (G4s) are stable, noncanonical structures formed in guanine (G)-rich sequences of DNA/ rna. G4 structures are reported to play a regulatory role in various cellular processes and, recently, a considerable number of studies have attributed new biological functions to these structures, especially in rna. noncoding rna (ncrna), which does not translate into a functional protein, is widely expressed and has been shown to play a key role in shaping cellular activity. There has been growing evidence of G4 formation in several ncrna classes, and it has been identified as a key part for diverse biological functions and physiopathological contexts in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review discusses rna G4s (rG4s) in ncrna, focusing on the molecular mechanism underlying its function. This review also aims to highlight potential and emerging opportunities to identify and target the rG4s in ncrna to understand its function and, ultimately, treat many diseases.
Background: A chronic condition that significantly reduces a child's quality of life is allergic rhinitis (AR). The environment and allergens that the body is regularly exposed to can cause inflammatory and immuno...
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Background: A chronic condition that significantly reduces a child's quality of life is allergic rhinitis (AR). The environment and allergens that the body is regularly exposed to can cause inflammatory and immunological reactions, which can change the expression of certain genes Epigenetic changes are closely linked to the onset and severity of allergy disorders according to mounting amounts of data. noncoding rnas (ncrnas) are a group of rna molecules that cannot be converted into polypeptides. The three main categories of ncrnas include micrornas (mirnas), long noncoding rnas (lncrnas), and circular rnas (circrnas). Ncrnas play a crucial role in controlling gene expression and contribute to the development of numerous human diseases. Methods: Articles are selected based on Pubmed's literature review and the author's personal knowledge. The largest and highest quality studies were included. The search selection is not standardized. Results: Recent findings indicate that various categories of ncrnas play distinct yet interconnected roles and actively contribute to intricate gene regulatory networks. Conclusion: This article demonstrates the significance and progress of ncrnas in children's AR. The database covers three key areas: mirnas, lncrnas, and circrnas. Additionally, potential avenues for future research to facilitate the practical application of ncrnas as therapeutic targets and biomarkers will be explore.
Exosomes have grown as promising carriers for noncoding rnas (ncrnas) in the treatment of inflammation, particularly in conditions like ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. These ncrnas, which include micrornas ...
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Exosomes have grown as promising carriers for noncoding rnas (ncrnas) in the treatment of inflammation, particularly in conditions like ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. These ncrnas, which include micrornas (mirnas) and long noncoding rnas (lncrnas), play a crucial role in regulating inflammatory pathways, presenting new therapeutic opportunities. In both ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, inflammation significantly influences disease progression and severity. Exosomes can deliver ncrnas directly to specific cells and tissues, providing a targeted approach to modulate gene expression and reduce inflammation. Their biocompatibility and low risk of inducing immune responses make exosomes ideal therapeutic vehicles. Ongoing research is focused on optimizing the loading of ncrnas into exosomes, ensuring efficient delivery, and understanding the mechanisms by which these ncrnas mitigate inflammation. In ischemic stroke, exosome-derived ncrnas originate from various cell types, including neurons, M2 microglia, patient serum, genetically engineered HEK293T cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. In the case of myocardial infarction, these ncrnas are sourced from mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, and patient plasma. These exosome-loaded ncrnas play a significant role in modulating inflammation in both ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. As this research advances, therapies based on exosomes may completely change how diseases linked to inflammation are treated, offering new avenues for patient care and recovery. This review explores the latest advancements in understanding how exosomes impact specific inflammatory components, with a particular emphasis on the role of ncrnas contained in exosomes. The review concludes by highlighting the clinical potential of exosome-derived ncrnas as innovative therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
BackgroundLong noncoding rnas (lncrnas) are versatile regulatory molecules that affect cellular phenotypes through context-specific expression. While their role in controlling cellular pathways is well-established in ...
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BackgroundLong noncoding rnas (lncrnas) are versatile regulatory molecules that affect cellular phenotypes through context-specific expression. While their role in controlling cellular pathways is well-established in insects, investigating lncrna expression in Anopheles in a tissue- and species-specific manner could add to our understanding of malaria transmission by this important *** performed de novo transcriptome assembly of Anopheles minimus, Anopheles albimanus, and Anopheles arabiensis utilising publicly available rna-Seq datasets of male reproductive tissues, male carcasses, female reproductive tissues, and female carcasses. Various bioinformatics tools were subsequently used for lncrna identification, conservation analysis, and differential expression analysis across sexes and *** identified 9331, 5372, and 5256 lncrna transcripts in An. albimanus, An. arabiensis, and An. minimus, respectively. Compared with An. albimanus lncrnas, conservation analysis revealed that a total of 1964 and 1400 lncrnas were conserved in An. arabiensis and An. minimus;however, only 283 and 253 lncrnas presented sequence-level conservation. Differential expression (DE) analysis revealed that the carcasses presented the lowest difference in lncrna expression, whereas in each comparison, the reproductive tissues (whether male or female) presented relatively high levels of differential expression. Additionally, 69 lncrnas were found to be conserved at the sequence level in all 3 species. These lncrnas were almost exclusively upregulated in males (reproductive tissue as well as carcasses) and exclusively downregulated in female *** genes in the vicinity of differentially expressed, conserved lncrnas were found to be involved in critical pathways such as nuclear structure, chromatin remodelling, protein and rna metabolism, and cell cycle in each of these species. Future studies on these lncrnas can provide useful insights into how th
The liver holds central roles in detoxification, energy metabolism, and whole body homeostasis but can develop malignant phenotypes when being chronically overwhelmed with fatty acids and glucose. The global rise of m...
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The liver holds central roles in detoxification, energy metabolism, and whole body homeostasis but can develop malignant phenotypes when being chronically overwhelmed with fatty acids and glucose. The global rise of metabolic dysfunction -associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is already affecting a quarter of the global population. Pharmaceutical treatment options against different stages of MAFLD do not yet exist, and several clinical trials against hepatic transcription factors and other proteins have failed. However, emerging roles of noncoding rnas, including long (lncrna) and short noncoding rnas (srna), in various cellular processes pose exciting new avenues for treatment interventions. Actions of noncoding rnas mostly rely on interactions with proteins, whereby the noncoding rna fine-tunes protein function in a process termed riboregulation. The developmental stage-, disease stage-, and cell type-specific nature of noncoding rnas harbors enor-mous potential to precisely target certain cellular pathways in a spatiotemporally defined manner. Proteins interacting with rnas can be categorized into canonical or noncanonical rna-binding proteins (RBPs) depending on the existence of classi-cal rna-binding domains. Both, rna-and RBP-centric methods have generated new knowledge of the rna-RBP interface and added an additional regulatory layer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in how RBP-lncrna interactions and various srnas shape cellular physiology and the development of liver diseases such as MAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Non-coding rnas(ncrnas)are a class of functional rnas that play critical roles in different *** include micrornas,long ncrnas,and circular *** are highly expressed in the brain and are involved in the regulation of ph...
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Non-coding rnas(ncrnas)are a class of functional rnas that play critical roles in different *** include micrornas,long ncrnas,and circular *** are highly expressed in the brain and are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes of central nervous system(CNS)*** evidence indicates that ncrnas play key roles in CNS *** elucidating the mechanisms of ncrna underlying the process of regulating glial function that may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.
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