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A hybrid choice model with a nonlinear utility function and bounded distribution for latent variables: application to purchase intention decisions of electric cars

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TRANSPORTMETRICA A-TRANSPORT SCIENCE 2016年第10期12卷 909-932页

作者： Kim, Jinhee Rasouli, Soora Timmermans, Harry Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Built Environm Eindhoven Netherlands

The hybrid choice model (HCM) provides a powerful framework to account for heterogeneity across decision-makers in terms of different underlying latent attitudes. Typically, effects of the latent attitudes have been represented assuming linear utility functions. In contributing to the further elaboration of HCMs, this study suggests an extended HCM framework allowing for nonlinear utility functions of choice alternatives including not only observed but also latent variables. Box-Cox transformations are used to represent the nonlinear utility function. Johnson's S-B distribution is suggested to represent the random term of the latent variables, satisfying the constraint of the Box-Cox transformation. An empirical study using stated choice data about the intention to purchase electric cars is conducted. The empirical results show that the proposed framework can capture nonlinear effects of underlying variables including latent attitudes, thereby enhancing the explanatory power of the choice model.

关键词： Hybrid choice model nonlinear utility function Box-Cox transformation latent attitudes bounded distribution electric car

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Retailer's Optimal Strategy Of Gift Card Under nonlinear utility function 12

Retailer's Optimal Strategy Of Gift Card Under Nonlinear Uti...

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2015 12th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM)

作者： Xiang, Wenyu Pan, Jingming Tang, Xiaowo Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Management & Econ Chengdu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479983285

More and more enterprises are willing to use gift cards for product promotion. In this paper, we assume that the consumer utility function is a nonlinear utility function based on the previous research. We describe consumers' purchasing behavior without a spending constraint from the perspective of consumers' utility and develop a model to derive the optimal purchase amount threshold, gift card value under single gift card and two gift cards. In a certain extent, this paper makes up for the lack of gift cards in the theoretical research.

关键词： nonlinear utility function gift cards consumers' behavior

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Optimising a nonlinear utility function in multi-objective integer programming

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JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION 2013年第1期56卷 93-102页

作者： Ozlen, Melih Azizoglu, Meral Burton, Benjamin A. RMIT Univ Sch Math & Geospatial Sci Melbourne Vic 3001 Australia Middle E Tech Univ Dept Ind Engn TR-06531 Ankara Turkey Univ Queensland Sch Math & Phys Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

In this paper we develop an algorithm to optimise a nonlinear utility function of multiple objectives over the integer efficient set. Our approach is based on identifying and updating bounds on the individual objectives as well as the optimal utility value. This is done using already known solutions, linear programming relaxations, utility function inversion, and integer programming. We develop a general optimisation algorithm for use with k objectives, and we illustrate our approach using a tri-objective integer programming problem.

关键词： Multiple objective optimisation Integer programming nonlinear utility function

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S-PI: A performance measurement system using an S-curve

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METHODSX 2021年 8卷 101287页

作者： Leal, Jose Eugenio Krakovics, Fabio Vieira, Valdilene do Nascimento Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro MRS Petrobras Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This method is a tool for evaluating the performance of any production system. It is based on the work of (1), with an evaluation structure consisting of a three-level hierarchy. Evaluation groups are at the top level, below which groups of metrics or key performance indicators (KPIs) are located;performance indicators (PIs) are located below the KPIs. To consolidate several types of metrics, in a single evaluation, it is necessary to normalize the values. This study overcomes the deficiencies of the original method, which linearly normalizes the PIs between 0 and 1. For an indicator with a goal of 100%, a compliance of 70% would be evaluated as 70% of the desired value. In reality, the decision maker may consider 70% to be equivalent to 30% of the desired value. To more realistically simulate the evaluator's preference scale, an S-shaped curve based on the Weibull distribution is adopted. This curve must be calibrated to reflect the preferences of the evaluator. This study shows all the steps of structuring an evaluation system, with details for the calibration of the S-curve parameters. Evaluation scales are not linear. The S-curve better reflects stakeholder preferences. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Performance indicator system nonlinear utility function Weibull distribution General evaluation system

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An iterative and fair protocol for bilateral multi-issue negotiation with complex utility space

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MULTIAGENT AND GRID SYSTEMS 2016年第2期12卷 125-138页

作者： Meng, Wei Li, Shaobo Qu, Jinglei Chinese Acad Sci Chengdu Inst Comp Applicat Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Peoples R China Guizhou Univ Sch Mech Engn Guiyang 550003 Guizhou Peoples R China

Throughout the study of bilateral negotiation, researchers have strived to reach an agreement in a simplified scenario: with definite utility functions (linear or polynomial) or over independent issues, which in realistic is not that simple. To remove this limitation, in this paper, we illustrate a complex nonlinear utility space: bilateral negotiations over many issues with interdependent valuations. An iterative and fair protocol is proposed to explore it, seeking for a 'win-win' and 'envy-free' contract to both agents. It works by introducing a utility secret transportation mechanism, combined with the heuristic algorithm NSGA-II, to find the Pareto efficient outcomes without the exposure of negotiators' utility preferences. Experimental results analyze the benefit of employing Nash Product in the proposed protocol, and demonstrate its strengths in optimality rate and negotiating efficiency.

关键词： Multi-issue negotiation nonlinear utility function win-win negotiation fair protocol iterative negotiation

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Bilateral single-issue negotiation model considering nonlinear utility and time constraint

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 2014年第1期60卷 29-38页

作者： Ren, Fenghui Zhang, Minjie Univ Wollongong Sch Comp Sci & Software Engn Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Bilateral agent negotiation is considered as a fundamental research issue in autonomous agent negotiation, and was studied well by researchers. Generally, a predefined negotiation decision function and utility function are used to generate an offer in each negotiation round according to a negotiator's negotiation strategy, preference, and restrictions. However, such a negotiation procedure may not work well when the negotiator's utility function is nonlinear, and the unique offer is difficult to be generated. That is because if the negotiator's utility function is non-monotonic, the negotiator may find several offers that come with the same utility at the same time;and if the negotiator's utility function is discrete, the negotiator may not find an offer to satisfy its expected utility exactly. In order to solve such a problem, we propose a novel negotiation model in this paper. Firstly, a 3D model is introduced to illustrate the relationships between an agent's utility function, negotiation decision function and offer generation function. Then two negotiation mechanisms are proposed to handle two types of nonlinear utility functions respectively, i.e. a multiple offer mechanism is introduced to handle non-monotonic utility functions, and an approximating offer mechanism is introduced to handle discrete utility functions. Lastly, a combined negotiation mechanism is proposed to handle nonlinear utility functions in general situations by considering both the non-monotonic and discrete. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed negotiation model. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Agent negotiation nonlinear utility function Negotiation decision function Offer generation function

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A Secure and Fair Protocol that Addresses Weaknesses of the Nash Bargaining Solution in nonlinear Negotiation

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GROUP DECISION AND NEGOTIATION 2012年第1期21卷 29-47页

作者： Fujita, Katsuhide Ito, Takayuki Klein, Mark Nagoya Inst Technol Sch Techno Business Adm Showa Ku Nagoya Aichi 4668555 Japan MIT Sloan Sch Management Ctr Collect Intelligence Cambridge Ctr 5 Cambridge MA 02445 USA

Negotiation with multiple interdependent issues is an important problem since much of real-world negotiation falls into this category. This paper examines the problem that, in such domains, agent utility functions are nonlinear, and thereby can create nonconvex Pareto frontiers. This in turn implies that the Nash Bargaining Solution, which has been viewed as the gold standard for identifying a unique optimal negotiation outcome, does not serve that role in nonlinear domains. In nonlinear domains, unlike linear ones, there can be multiple Nash Bargaining Solutions, and all can be sub-optimal with respect to social welfare and fairness. In this paper, we propose a novel negotiation protocol called SFMP (the Secure and Fair Mediator Protocol) that addresses this challenge, enabling secure multilateral negotiations with fair and pareto-optimal outcomes in nonlinear domains. The protocol works by (1) using nonlinear optimization, combined with a Multi-Party protocol, to find the Pareto front without revealing agent's private utility information, and (2) selecting the agreement from the Pareto set that maximizes a fair division criterion we call approximated fairness. We demonstrate that SFMP is able to find agreements that maximize fairness and social welfare in nonlinear domains, and out-performs (in terms of outcomes and scalability) previously developed nonlinear negotiation protocols.

关键词： Multi-issue negotiation nonlinear utility function Fairness

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Issue-Grouping Approach for Multiple Interdependent issues Negotiation with Exaggerator Agents

Issue-Grouping Approach for Multiple Interdependent issues N...

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13th IEEE International Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing (CEC)

作者： Fujita, Katsuhide Klein, Mark Ito, Takayuki Japan Soc Promot Sci Tokyo Japan MIT Sloan Sch Management Cambridge MA 02139 USA Nagoya Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Sch Technobusiness Adm Nagoya Aichi Japan Univ Tokyo Policy Alternat Res Inst Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545356

Most real-world negotiation involves multiple interdependent issues, which makes an agent's utility functions complex. Traditional negotiation mechanisms, which were designed for linear utilities, do not fare well in nonlinear contexts. One of the main challenges in developing effective nonlinear negotiation protocols is scalability;it can be extremely difficult to find high-quality solutions when there are many issues, due to computational intractability. One reasonable approach to reducing computational cost, while maintaining good quality outcomes, is to decompose the contract space into several largely independent sub-spaces. In this paper, we propose a method for decomposing a contract space into sub-spaces based on the agent's utility functions. A mediator finds subcontracts in each sub-space based on votes from the agents, and combines the sub-contracts to produce the final agreement. We demonstrate, experimentally, that our protocol allows high-optimality outcomes with greater scalability than previous efforts. We also address incentive compatibility issues. Any voting scheme introduces the potential for strategic non-truthful voting by the agents, and our method is no exception. For example, one of the agents may always vote truthfully, while the other exaggerates so that its votes are always "strong." It has been shown that this biases the negotiation outcomes to favor the exaggerator, at the cost of reduced social welfare. We employ the limitation of strong votes to the method of decomposing the contract space into several largely independent sub-spaces. We investigate whether and how this approach can be applied to the method of decomposing a contract space.

关键词： Multi-issue Negotiation nonlinear utility function Multi-agent Systems Exaggerator Agent

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Effective Distributed Genetic Algorithms for Optimizing Social utility

Effective Distributed Genetic Algorithms for Optimizing Soci...

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13th IEEE International Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing (CEC)

作者： Mizutani, Nobuyasu Fujita, Katsuhide Ito, Takayuki Nagoya Inst Technol Comp Sci & Engn Nagoya Aichi Japan Nagoya Inst Technol Sch Technobusiness Adm Nagoya Aichi Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545356

Most real-world negotiation involves multiple interdependent issues that makes an agent's utility function nonlinear. Traditional negotiation mechanisms, which were designed for linear utilities, do not fare well in nonlinear contexts. One of the main challenges in developing effective nonlinear negotiation protocols is scalability, which can produce excessively high failure rate when there are many issues due to computational intractability. One reasonable approach to reducing computational cost while maintaining quality outcomes is to decompose the utility space into several largely independent sub spaces. In this paper, we propose a new method for decomposing a utility space based on the interdependency of issues and employing the genetic algorithms in each issue-group. In addition, our experimental results demonstrate that our method can find higher quality solutions than existing works. They also show that our method is highly effective for reducing the execution time.

关键词： Multi-issue Negotiation Distributed Genetic Algorithms nonlinear utility function

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Modeling heterogeneous effective advertising stock using single-source data

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QME-QUANTITATIVE MARKETING AND ECONOMICS 2008年第4期6卷 415-438页

作者： Terui, Nobuhiko Ban, Masataka Tohoku Univ Grad Sch Econ & Management Sendai Miyagi 9808576 Japan Mejiro Univ Fac Business Adm Tokyo 1618539 Japan

This paper presents a nonlinear modeling of market response between advertising stock and direct utility with heterogeneous parameters using single-source data. We examine advertising threshold effects and measure the effective advertising stock at the individual consumer level. Two kinds of information, i.e., TV advertising exposure data and consumer's purchase history data, are combined for the modeling. The former is used for constructing advertising stock over calendar time via heterogeneous carryover parameters and the latter is applied to the choice model. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is applied to estimate these heterogeneous parameters. Compared to other possible nonlinear specifications, it is shown that the proposed threshold utility function model with discontinuity at the threshold performs better than other smooth market response models. The empirical results support the existence of an advertising threshold and suggest the pulsing or "on/off" policy for our datasets. In terms of the effective reach, implying the reach after suspending the ad exposure to investigate how it is damping out for a possible "on/off" advertising policy, the optimal "off" interval was measured to be quite short to support a high-frequency pulsing policy, because the carryover parameter as well

关键词： Advertising threshold effects Advertising stock Duration time Effective reach nonlinear utility function MCMC Heterogeneity Single-source data

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