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Adaptive optics for optical microscopy [Invited]

BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023年第4期14卷 1732-1756页

作者： Zhang, Qinrong Hu, Qi Berlage, Caroline Kner, Peter Judkewitz, Benjamin Booth, Martin Ji, Na Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Phys Dept Mol & Cellular Biol Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Oxford Dept Engn Sci Oxford OX1 3PJ England Charite Univ Medizin Berlin Einstein Ctr Neurosci NeuroCure Cluster Excellence D-10117 Berlin Germany Humboldt Univ Inst Biol D-10099 Berlin Germany Univ Georgia Sch Elect & Comp Engn Athens GA 30602 USA

optical microscopy is widely used to visualize fine structures. When applied to bioimaging, its performance is often degraded by sample-induced aberrations. In recent years, adaptive optics (AO), originally developed to correct for atmosphere-associated aberrations, has been applied to a wide range of microscopy modalities, enabling high-or super-resolution imaging of biological structure and function in complex tissues. Here, we review classic and recently developed AO techniques and their applications in optical microscopy.

关键词： High numerical aperture optics Image quality Light matter interactions Liquid crystal modulators nonlinear optical signal processing Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

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Fiber Bragg gratings inscribed using 800nm femtosecond laser and a phase mask in single- and multi-core mid-IR glass fibers

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2009年第9期17卷 7540-7548页

作者： Suo, Rui Lousteau, Joris Li, Hongxia Jiang, Xin Zhou, Kaiming Zhang, Lin MacPherson, William N. Bookey, Henry T. Barton, James S. Kar, Ajoy K. Jha, Animesh Bennion, Ian Aston Univ Photon Res Grp Birmingham B4 7ET W Midlands England Univ Leeds Inst Mat Res Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England Heriot Watt Univ Sch Engn & Phys Sci Dept Phys Edinburgh EH14 4AS Midlothian Scotland

For the first time, Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) structures have been inscribed in single-core passive germanate and three-core passive and active tellurite glass fibers using 800nm femtosecond (fs) laser and phase mask technique. With fs peak power intensity in the order of 10(11) W/cm(2), the FBG spectra with 2(nd) and 3(rd) order resonances at 1540 and 1033nm in the germanate glass fiber and 2(nd) order resonances at similar to 1694 and similar to 1677nm with strengths up to 14dB in all three cores in the tellurite fiber were observed. Thermal responsivities of the FBGs made in these mid-IR glass fibers were characterized, showing average temperature responsivity similar to 20pm/degrees C. Strain responsivities of the FBGs in germanate glass fiber were measured to be 1.219pm/mu epsilon. (c) 2009 optical Society of America

关键词： Germanate glass Long period gratings Negative refractive index nonlinear optical signal processing optical amplifiers Tellurite glass

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A merged photonic crystal slot waveguide embedded in ALD-TiO₂

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2013年第20期21卷 24154-24162页

作者： Stenberg, Petri Roussey, Matthieu Ryczkowski, Piotr Genty, Goery Honkanen, Seppo Kuittinen, Markku Univ Eastern Finland Inst Photon FI-80101 Joensuu Finland Tampere Univ Technol Dept Phys FI-33101 Tampere Finland

We demonstrate the concept of a merged nanoscale photonic crystal slot waveguide that acts as a bandpass filter in the near infrared region of the spectrum. The device is based on the integration of a photonic crystal cavity in a slot waveguide on a silicon on insulator substrate. The device is further embedded in amorphous titanium dioxide using atomic layer deposition, which allows to reduce two-photon absorption losses and creates the possibility to combine nonlinear guided-wave optics resulting from the strong field confinement in the slot region with slow light effects in the photonic crystal cavity. Our approach is fully compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology and opens up new perspectives for the integration of all-optical signal processing functionalities in hybrid silicon nanophotonics platforms. (C) 2013 optical Society of America

关键词： All optical signal processing Effective refractive index nonlinear optical signal processing optical materials Photonic crystal cavities Photonic crystal waveguides

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nonlinear properties of and nonlinear processing in hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguides

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2011年第26期19卷 146-153页

作者： Kuyken, B. Ji, H. Clemmen, S. Selvaraja, S. K. Hu, H. Pu, M. Galili, M. Jeppesen, P. Morthier, G. Massar, S. Oxenlowe, L. K. Roelkens, G. Baets, R. Ghent Univ Imec Dept Informat Technol Photon Res Grp Ghent Belgium Univ Ghent Ctr Nano & Biophoton NB Photon Ghent Belgium Tech Univ Denmark DTU Foton DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark ULB LIQ B-1050 Brussels Belgium

We propose hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanowires as a platform for nonlinear optics in the telecommunication wavelength range. Extraction of the nonlinear parameter of these photonic nanowires reveals a figure of merit larger than 2. It is observed that the nonlinear optical properties of these waveguides degrade with time, but that this degradation can be reversed by annealing the samples. A four wave mixing conversion efficiency of + 12 dB is demonstrated in a 320 Gbit/s serial optical waveform data sampling experiment in a 4 mm long photonic nanowire. (C) 2011 optical Society of America

关键词： All optical signal processing Amorphous silicon nonlinear integrated optics nonlinear optical signal processing nonlinear optical waveguides nonlinear optics

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Interplay between six wave mixing photonic band gap signal and second-order nonlinear signal in electromagnetically induced grating

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2015年第19期23卷 25098-25110页

作者： Wang, Zhiguo Gao, Mengqin Ullah, Zakir Zhang, Dan Chen, Haixia Gao, Hong Zhang, Yanpeng Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Phys Elect & Devices Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Informat Photon Tech Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Sci Xian 710049 Peoples R China

For the first time, we experimentally and theoretically research about the second-order nonlinear signal (SNS) including electromagnetically induced absorbing (EIA) and electromagnetically induced gain (EIG), six wave mixing band gap signal (SWM BGS) resulting from photonic band gap structure in an inverted Y-type four level system with the electromagnetically induced grating. The interplay between the SNS and SWM BGS is illustrated clearly for the first time. When we change the frequency detuning to make the SWM BGS and SNS overlap, the SWM BGS is suppressed and the intensity of SNS is strongest near the resonance point. We can control the intensity of the SWM BGS and EIG caused by the classic effect through changing the power of coupling field. And the changes on the EIA generated by the quantum effect are obtained by changing the power of dressing field. Since the SWM BGS is the enhancement of the four wave mixing band gap signal (FWM BGS), when we set FWM BGS as the input and SNS as the modulation role to control the amplification amplitude for the FWM BGS in our scheme, the adjustable optical amplifier can be obtained. (C) 2015 optical Society of America

关键词： Atomic coherence nonlinear effects nonlinear optical signal processing optical amplifiers Photonic bandgap structure Spontaneous emission

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All-optical binary phase-coded UWB signal generation for multi-user UWB communications

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2011年第11期19卷 10587-10594页

作者： Dong, Jianji Yu, Yuan Zhang, Yin Li, Xiang Huang, Dexiu Zhang, Xinliang Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Optoelect Sci & Engn Wuhan Natl Lab Optoelect Wuhan 43007 Peoples R China

An all-optical incoherent scheme for generation of binary phase-coded ultra-wideband (UWB) signals is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The binary phase coding is performed based on all-optical phase modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM-IM) conversion in a fiber delay interferometer (DI) that serves as a multichannel frequency discriminator. By locating the phase-modulated light waves at the positive and negative slopes of the DI transmission spectra, binary phase encoded UWB codes (0 and p) are generated. We also experimentally demonstrate a bipolar UWB coding system with a code length of 4, operating at 1.25 Gb/s. And the decoding is analyzed as well. Our proposed system has potential application in future high-speed UWB impulse radio over optical fiber access networks. (C) 2011 optical Society of America

关键词： Distributed feedback lasers Fiber Bragg gratings nonlinear optical signal processing optical access networks Phase modulation Polarization maintaining fibers

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nonlinear Fourier transform for optical data processing and transmission: advances and perspectives

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OPTICA 2017年第3期4卷 307-322页

作者： Turitsyn, Sergei K. Prilepsky, Jaroslaw E. Le, Son Thai Wahls, Sander Frumin, Leonid L. Kamalian, Morteza Derevyanko, Stanislav A. Aston Univ Aston Inst Photon Technol Birmingham B4 7ET W Midlands England Novosibirsk State Univ Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Nokia Bell Labs Stuttgart Germany Delft Univ Technol Delft Ctr Syst & Control NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands Russian Acad Sci Inst Automat & Elect Siberian Branch Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Elect & Comp Engn IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel

Fiber-optic communication systems are nowadays facing serious challenges due to the fast growing demand on capacity from various new applications and services. It is now well recognized that nonlinear effects limit the spectral efficiency and transmission reach of modern fiber-optic communications. nonlinearity compensation is therefore widely believed to be of paramount importance for increasing the capacity of future optical networks. Recently, there has been steadily growing interest in the application of a powerful mathematical tool-the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT)-in the development of fundamentally novel nonlinearity mitigation tools for fiber-optic channels. It has been recognized that, within this paradigm, the nonlinear crosstalk due to the Kerr effect is effectively absent, and fiber nonlinearity due to the Kerr effect can enter as a constructive element rather than a degrading factor. The novelty and the mathematical complexity of the NFT, the versatility of the proposed system designs, and the lack of a unified vision of an optimal NFT-type communication system, however, constitute significant difficulties for communication researchers. In this paper, we therefore survey the existing approaches in a common framework and review the progress in this area with a focus on practical implementation aspects. First, an overview of existing key algorithms for the efficacious computation of the direct and inverse NFT is given, and the issues of accuracy and numerical complexity are elucidated. We then describe different approaches for the utilization of the NFT in practical transmission schemes. After that we discuss the differences, advantages, and challenges of various recently emerged system designs employing the NFT, as well as the spectral efficiency estimates available up-to-date. With many practical implementation aspects still being open, our mini-review is aimed at helping researchers assess the perspectives, understand the bottlenecks, and envision

关键词： Fiber optic communications nonlinear optical signal processing optical amplifiers optical data processing optical networks Polarization mode dispersion

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Spectral self-imaging of time-periodic coherent frequency combs by parabolic cross-phase modulation

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2013年第23期21卷 28824-28835页

作者： Maram, Reza Azana, Jose Inst Natl Rech Sci INRS Energie Mat & Telecommun Montreal PQ H5A 1K6 Canada

Integer and fractional spectral self-imaging effects are induced on infinite-duration periodic frequency combs (probe signal) using cross-phase modulation (XPM) with a parabolic pulse train as pump signal. Free-spectral-range tuning (fractional effects) or wavelength-shifting (integer effects) of the frequency comb can be achieved by changing the parabolic pulse peak power or/and repetition rate without affecting the spectral envelope shape and bandwidth of the original comb. For design purposes, we derive the complete family of different pump signals that allow implementing a desired spectral self-imaging process. Numerical simulation results validate our theoretical analysis. We also investigate the detrimental influence of group-delay walk-off and deviations in the nominal temporal shape or power of the pump pulses on the generated output frequency combs. (C) 2013 optical Society of America

关键词： Cross phase modulation Fiber Bragg gratings Frequency combs Long period gratings nonlinear optical signal processing Phase modulation

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Optimizing the signal processing of detector arrays, using the window method

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JOURNAL OF optical TECHNOLOGY 2010年第4期77卷 272-279页

作者： Fedoseev, V. I. Geofizika Kosmos Sci Mfg Enterprise Moscow Russia

Based on earlier results of optimizing spatiotemporal signal processing by optimal nonlinear filtering methods, this article discusses ways to implement spatial processing in optoelectronic systems with detector arrays. It is pointed out that it is expedient to use the window method, and examples are presented of schemes for processing and selecting the window parameters in problems involving estimating the coordinates of the radiation source and its intensity in the detection problem. The analysis is carried out in terms of the Poisson signal model, which can be applied to most cases of the practical use of the detectors. (C) 2010 optical Society of America.

关键词： Detector arrays nonlinear filtering nonlinear optical signal processing Radiation detectors signal processing Temporal processing

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Photoluminescence in Er-doped Ge-As-Se chalcogenide thin films

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optical MATERIALS EXPRESS 2012年第9期2卷 1270-1277页

作者： Yan, Kunlun Wang, Rongping Vu, Khu Madden, Steve Belay, Kidane Elliman, Robert Luther-Davies, Barry Australian Natl Univ Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst Laser Phys Ctr Res Sch Phys & Engn Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Australian Natl Univ Res Sch Phys & Engn Dept Elect Mat Engn Canberra ACT 2600 Australia

We report the properties of thermally evaporated Ge11.5As24Se64.5 chalcogenide films ion implanted at energies of 2.25MeV with Erbium at concentrations up to 0.4 mol%. The effect of post implant annealing on the refractive index of the films and on the I-4(13/2)-> I-4(15/2) Er transition was studied. Photoluminescence was found to increase significantly and a lifetime of 1.35 ms was obtained in films annealed at 180 degrees C. Different apparent lifetimes for the I-4(13/2)-> I-4(15/2) transition were obtained for 980nm and 1470nm pumps and the origins of this phenomenon are discussed. (c) 2012 optical Society of America

关键词： nonlinear optical signal processing optical amplifiers Physical vapor deposition Rare earth doped glass Thin film deposition Thin films

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