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nonlinear optical waveguides in As₂S₃-Ag₂S chalcogenide glass thin films

optical MATERIALS EXPRESS 2017年第1期7卷 93-99页

作者： Almeida, J. M. P. Barbano, E. C. Arnold, C. B. Misoguti, L. Mendonca, C. R. Univ Sao Paulo Sao Carlos Inst Phys POB 369 BR-13560970 Sao Carlos SP Brazil Princeton Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA

Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) are promising materials for nonlinear optical applications due to their elevated third-order optical susceptibility. Nonetheless, oxidation and photorefractive effects make the characterization and processing of this class of materials an intricate process. Employing ultrashort laser pulses, we were able to investigate the optical nonlinearities of As2S3 thin films doped with Ag2S nanocrystals, as well as produce channel waveguides. The results showed that the nonlinear refractive indexes of these films are in the order of 2.3-5.2 x 10(-18) m(2)/W at wavelengths in the range of 775-1600 nm. Such film revealed to be proper for the development of nonlinear optical devices, since we have demonstrated the functionality of an 8.7 mm long waveguide for spectral broadening femtosecond IR pulses. (C) 2016 optical Society of America

关键词： Femtosecond pulses Materials processing nonlinear optical devices nonlinear optical waveguides optical materials Thin films

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nonlinear optical waveguides based on nearinfrared intersubband transitions in GaN/AIN quantum wells

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2007年第9期15卷 5860-5865页

作者： Li, Yan Bhattacharyya, Anirban Thomidis, Christos Moustakas, Theodore D. Paiella, Roberto Boston Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02215 USA Boston Univ Photon Ctr Boston MA 02215 USA

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of III-nitride quantum-well waveguides optimized for nonlinear-optical switching via intersubband transitions. A dielectric structure consisting of an AlN lower cladding and a GaN cap layer allows minimizing the propagation losses while maintaining a large modal overlap with the quantum-well active layer. A strong nonlinear saturation of the intersubband absorption near 1.55 mu m is demonstrated at record low input powers for these materials;in particular, a 3-dB saturation pulse energy of less than 10 pJ with 240-fs pulses is measured. Combined with the well established sub-picosecond recovery lifetimes of intersubband absorption in III-nitride quantum wells, these results are very promising for all-optical switching applications in future ultrafast fiber-optic communication networks. (c) 2007 optical Society of America

关键词： All optical signal processing Fiber networks Fiber optic communications nonlinear optical waveguides Quantum cascade semiconductor lasers Quantum wells

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nonlinear optical waveguides generated in lithium niobate by swift-ion irradiation at ultralow fluences

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OPTICS LETTERS 2007年第17期32卷 2587-2589页

作者： Olivares, J. Garcia-Navarro, A. Garcia, G. Mendez, A. Agullo-Lopez, F. Garcia-Cabanes, A. Carrascosa, M. Caballero, O. CSIC Inst Opt E-28006 Madrid Spain Univ Autonoma Madrid Ctr Microanal Mat E-28049 Madrid Spain Univ Autonoma Madrid Dept Fis Mat E-28049 Madrid Spain

A novel method to produce optical waveguides is demonstrated for lithium niobate (LiNbO3). It is based on electronic excitation damage by swift ions, i.e., with energies at approximately I MeV/amu or above. The new technique uses high-energy medium-mass ions, such as Cl, with electronic stopping powers above the threshold value for amorphization (5-6 keV/nm), reaching the maximum value a few micrometers inside the crystal. At the ultralow fluence regime (10(12)-10(13) cm(-2)) an effective nanostructured medium is obtained that behaves as an optical waveguide where light propagates transversally to the amorphous nanotracks created by every single impact. The method implies a reduction of 4 orders of magnitude with respect to He implantation. The optical waveguides present reasonable losses (similar to 10 dB/cm) and significant second-harmonic generation (SHG) and electro-optic (EO) responses (> 50% bulk) for the lowest fluences. (c) 2007 optical Society of America.

关键词： Effective refractive index Integrated optical devices Ions nonlinear optical waveguides Refractive index Second harmonic generation

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Temporal mode selectivity by frequency conversion in second-order nonlinear optical waveguides

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2013年第11期21卷 13840-13863页

作者： Reddy, D. V. Raymer, M. G. McKinstrie, C. J. Mejling, L. Rottwitt, K. Univ Oregon Dept Phys Eugene OR 97403 USA Bell Labs Holmdel NJ 07733 USA Tech Univ Denmark Depat Photon Engn DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

We explore theoretically the feasibility of using frequency conversion by sum- or difference-frequency generation, enabled by three-wave-mixing, for selectively multiplexing orthogonal input waveforms that overlap in time and frequency. Such a process would enable a drop device for use in a transparent optical network using temporally orthogonal waveforms to encode different channels. We model the process using coupled-mode equations appropriate for wave mixing in a uniform second-order nonlinear optical medium pumped by a strong laser pulse. We find Green functions describing the process, and employ Schmidt (singular-value) decompositions thereof to quantify its viability in functioning as a coherent waveform discriminator. We define a selectivity figure of merit in terms of the Schmidt coefficients, and use it to compare and contrast various parameter regimes via extensive numerical computations. We identify the most favorable regime (at least in the case of no pump chirp) and derive the complete analytical solution for the same. We bound the maximum achievable selectivity in this parameter space. We show that including a frequency chirp in the pump does not improve selectivity in this optimal regime. We also find an operating regime in which high-efficiency frequency conversion without temporal-shape selectivity can be achieved while preserving the shapes of a wide class of input pulses. The results are applicable to both classical and quantum frequency conversion. (C) 2013 optical Society of America

关键词： Four wave mixing nonlinear optical waveguides optical networks optical signals Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Wavelength division multiplexing

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A simple and efficient numerical method to study propagation characteristics of nonlinear optical waveguides

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 1998年第4期16卷 697-702页

作者： Varshney, RK Goyal, IC Ghatak, AK Indian Inst Technol Dept Phys New Delhi 110016 India

A simple numerical method has been developed to study the propagation characteristics of a nonlinear optical waveguide. The method is applicable to planar waveguides as well as fibers. In this method, second-order differential equation is converted into first-order differential equation which is solved by standard fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Numerical results for nonlinear planar waveguide and optical fibers with power law profiles and Kerr-like nonlinearity have been presented. The results for planar waveguides match very well with the exact results. Present method can be applied to arbitrary refractive index profiles with any kind of nonlinearity.

关键词： Fiber waveguides nonlinear optical devices nonlinear optical waveguides optical fibers Planar waveguides Refractive index

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Ultraviolet photobleaching process of azo dye doped polymer and silica films for fabrication of nonlinear optical waveguides

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APPLIED OPTICS 1998年第6期37卷 1068-1073页

作者： Nakanishi, M Sugihara, O Okamoto, N Hirota, K Shizuoka Univ Fac Engn Hamamatsu Shizuoka 432 Japan

We describe the effect of UV photobleaching of poled polymer and silica films and the application of UV photobleaching to waveguide-type optical devices. Disperse Red 1-doped poled polymer and silica films with large and stable second-order nonlinearity were used as nonlinear optical materials. We investigated the mechanism of UV photobleaching of poled films by the changes in absorption spectrum and nonlinearity and refractive index. Moreover, simple fabrication of both the channel waveguide and the chi((2)) diffraction grating based on UV photobleaching is demonstrated. (C) 1998 optical Society of America.

关键词： Diffraction gratings Dye doped polymers nonlinear optical materials nonlinear optical waveguides optical devices Thin films

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Phase-matched second-harmonic generation in coupled nonlinear optical waveguides

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JOURNAL OF THE optical SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-optical PHYSICS 2019年第10期36卷 2650-2658页

作者： Liu, Bodong Yu, Huakang Li, Zhi-Yuan Tong, Limin South China Univ Technol Sch Phys & Optoelect Guangzhou 510641 Guangdong Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn State Key Lab Modern Opt Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Phase matching is crucial for effective nonlinear frequency conversion. Recent advances in photonic miniaturization greatly promote implementations of efficient nonlinear frequency conversion in integrated photonic devices. Here, we investigate second-harmonic generation in coupled nonlinear waveguides. We develop a nonlinear optical coupled-mode theory and implement the concept of supermode to analyze the phase-matching condition, which greatly facilitates deep understanding of physics therein and optimization of device design. We have successfully identified six phase-matching conditions for the first time. The dynamic nonlinear optical processes are analytically modeled, which explicitly demonstrates that the phase-matching condition can be realized by extra momentum compensating due to the interwaveguide coupling. The influences of input pump amplitude and relative phase difference are successively investigated. The theoretical model presented here should be readily generalized to other nonlinear optical processes (e.g., difference frequency generations) and will remain valid in asymmetric coupled waveguide structures or even beyond a weakly coupling regime. Our results will be useful for constructing highly efficient integrated nonlinear optical conversion devices with extended functionality. (C) 2019 optical Society of America

关键词： Coupled mode theory Guided waves Light matter interactions nonlinear optical devices nonlinear optical waveguides Phase matching

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Third-order nonlinear optical properties of a multi-layer Al2O3/ZnO for nonlinear optical waveguides

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2019年第12期27卷 17359-17368页

作者： Can-Uc, B. Lopez, J. Lizarraga-Medina, E. G. Borbon-Nunez, H. A. Rangel-Rojo, R. Marquez, H. Tiznado, H. Jurado-Gonzalez, J. A. Hirata-Flores, G. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Ctr Nanociencias & Nanotecnol Apartado Postal 14 Ensenada 22800 Baja California Mexico UNAM CONACyT Ctr Nanociencias & Nanotecnol Km 107 Carretera Tijuana Ensenada S-N Ensenada 22800 Baja California Mexico Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada Dept Opt Apartado Postal 2732 Ensenada 22860 Baja California Mexico

This is a report of a study of the nonlinear optical properties of samples based on multiple Al2O3/ZnO bilayers fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in silica. The multi-layer configuration for samples consists of alternated layers of constant thickness of Al2O3 (Delta(x)) and ZnO (Delta(y)) nanolaminates with a total thickness of similar to 500 nm. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by means of TEM, spectrophotometry and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The absorptive and refractive contributions to the nonlinearity of the samples were studied by means of z-scan technique using a 100 fs at 800 nm. The nonlinear parameters, beta and n(2), are studied using different values of the layers thickness, Delta(x) and Delta(y), in the nanolaminated stack. The possible applications in optical signal processing system are discussed by means of the figures of merit W and T. (C) 2019 optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： All optical signal processing Effective refractive index nonlinear optical waveguides optical properties Refractive index Visible light

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Novel grating design approach by radiation modes coupling in nonlinear optical waveguides

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2009年第9期17卷 6982-6995页

作者： Massaro, A. Cingolani, R. De Vittorio, M. Passaseo, A. Univ Salento Distretto Tecnol ISUFI INFM CNRNatl Nanotechnol Lab I-73100 Lecce Italy IMM CNR Sez Lecce I-73100 Lecce Italy

In integrated optics the radiation modes represent a negative aspect regarding the propagation of guided modes. They characterize the losses of the substrate region but can contribute to enhance the guided modes by considering the coupling through properly designed gratings arranged at the core/substrate interface. By tailored gratings, the radiation modes become propagating modes and increase the guided power inside the waveguide guiding region. This enhancement is useful especially in low intensity processes such as second harmonic. chi((2)) conversion process. For this purpose, we analyze accurately the radiation modes contribution in chi((2)) GaAs/AlGaAs nonlinear waveguide where second harmonic signal is characterized by a low power intensity. This analysis considers a new design approach of multiple grating which enhances a fundamental guided mode at lambda(FU) = 1.55 mu m and a codirectional second harmonic guided mode at lambda(SH) =0.775 mu m. In particular we analyze the second harmonic conversion efficiency by studying the coupling effect of three gratings. The combined effects of the gratings provide an efficient second harmonic field conversion. Design considerations, based on the coupled mode equations analysis, are theoretically discussed. A good agreement between analytical and numerical results is observed. (C) 2009 optical Society of America

关键词： Channeled waveguides Coupled mode theory Dense wavelength division multiplexing Finite difference time domain nonlinear optical waveguides Semiconductor lasers

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Pseudospectral mode solver for analyzing nonlinear optical waveguides

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2012年第12期20卷 13014-13029页

作者： Huang, Chia-Chien Natl Chung Hsing Univ Dept Phys Taichung 40227 Taiwan Natl Chung Hsing Univ Inst Nanosci Taichung 40227 Taiwan

Numerical mode solver using a pseudospectral scheme is developed for solving various nonlinear dielectric and plasmonic waveguides with arbitrary nonlinear media. Two nonlinear iterative approaches that use this scheme are implemented;these approaches assign the mode power and effective index as extracted eigenvalues. However, to obtain the complete power dispersion curve including the stable and unstable modal solutions, assigning the mode power as an eigenvalue for a given effective index is required. Moreover, the biaxial feature of the nonlinear refractive index is considered for solving the transverse magnetic (TM) modes in materials of practical interest. Furthermore, the proposed scheme solves the problem of nonlinear surface plasmons guided by a thin metal film with nonlinear cladding, and the mode characteristics of long-and short-range surface plasmon polaritons are analyzed. We also apply the proposed scheme to a 2D strip waveguide with a nonlinear saturation substrate. (C) 2012 optical Society of America

关键词： Dielectric waveguides Guided waves nonlinear optical waveguides Plasmon waveguides Surface plasmon polaritons Waveguide modulators

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