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Identifying contributions of climatic and atmospheric changes to autumn phenology over mid-high latitudes of Northern Hemisphere

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GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE 2021年 197卷 103396-103396页

作者： Guo, Mengdi Wu, Chaoyang Peng, Jie Lu, Linlin Li, Shihua Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Resources & Environm Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth Key Lab Digital Earth Sci Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

Variations in autumn phenology (i.e., the end of growing season, EOS) in recent decades have been suggested to be the dynamic response of terrestrial ecosystems to global environmental change. However, predicting EOS change with climate variation is still challenging, given that there are several environmental factors that can affect EOS apart from warming. In this study, EOS over the Northern Hemisphere (>30 degrees) was calculated by three different extracting methods using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) records from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies third generation (GIMMS3g) during 1982 to 2015. We used partial correlation and partial least-squares regression (PLSR) analyses to investigate the EOS variations in response to five global environmental change factors, including temperature, precipitation, insolation, atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition. We found that about 58.5% (13.6% were significant) of the study area showed earlier EOS trends and 41.5% (10.3% were significant) with later EOS. Warming played a critical role in regulating EOS. The cumulative precipitation during the preseason had the greatest positive impact on EOS in arid/semiarid regions. Sufficient insolation could contribute to the delayed EOS over high latitudes. Compared with climatic factors, EOS also showed high sensitivity to changes in the atmospheric factors, and the dominant control of atmospheric CO2 and N deposition on EOS was found at 25-30% of the areas. Our results confirmed the dominant role of climatic factors in regulating EOS, but other global environmental cues, for instance, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition should also be included in the autumn phenological model to further understand the carbon and N cycles of terrestrial ecosystems with climate change.

关键词： Autumn phenology Climate change Atmospheric change normalize difference vegetation index

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Evaluating the Temperature difference Parameter in the SSEBop Model with Satellite-Observed Land Surface Temperature Data

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REMOTE SENSING 2019年第16期11卷 1947-1947页

作者： Ji, Lei Senay, Gabriel B. Velpuri, Naga M. Kagone, Stefanie US Geol Survey ASRC Fed Data Solut Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr Sioux Falls SD 57198 USA US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr North Cent Climate Adaptat Sci Ctr Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

The Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model uses the principle of satellite psychrometry to produce spatially explicit actual evapotranspiration (ETa) with remotely sensed and weather data. The temperature difference (dT) in the model is a predefined parameter quantifying the difference between surface temperature at bare soil and air temperature at canopy level. Because dT is derived from the average-sky net radiation based primarily on climate data, validation of the dT estimation is critical for assuring a high-quality ETa product. We used the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to evaluate the SSEBop dT estimation for the conterminous United States. MODIS data (2008-2017) were processed to compute the 10-year average land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at 1 km resolution and 8-day interval. The observed dT (dT(o)) was computed from the LST difference between hot (NDVI < 0.25) and cold (NDVI > 0.7) pixels within each 2 degrees x 2 degrees sampling block. There were enough hot and cold pixels within each block to create dT(o) timeseries in the West Coast and South-Central regions. The comparison of dT(o) and modeled dT (dT(m)) showed high agreement, with a bias of 0.8 K and a correlation coefficient of 0.88 on average. This study concludes that the dT(m) estimation from the SSEBop model is reliable, which further assures the accuracy of the ETa estimation.

关键词： actual evapotranspiration land surface temperature MODIS normalize difference vegetation index SSEBop model temperature difference

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Analysing trends and forecasting malaria epidemics in Madagascar using a sentinel surveillance network: a web-based application

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MALARIA JOURNAL 2017年第1期16卷 72-72页

作者： Girond, Florian Randrianasolo, Laurence Randriamampionona, Lea Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona Ratsitorahina, Maherisoa Brou, Telesphore Yao Herbreteau, Vincent Mangeas, Morgan Zigiumugabe, Sixte Hedje, Judith Rogier, Christophe Piola, Patrice Inst Pasteur Madagascar Antananarivo Madagascar Stn SEAS OI UMR 228 ESPACE DEV IRDUAGUMUR175 CD 26 St Pierre 97414 Reunion France Minist Hlth Antananarivo Madagascar Univ Reunion St Denis Reunion France US Presidents Malaria Initiat Antananarivo Madagascar Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Atlanta GA USA URMITE UMR 6236 Marseille France Inst Biomed Res French Armed Forces IRBA Bretigny Sur Orge France

Background: The use of a malaria early warning system (MEWS) to trigger prompt public health interventions is a key step in adding value to the epidemiological data routinely collected by sentinel surveillance systems. Methods: This study describes a system using various epidemic thresholds and a forecasting component with the support of new technologies to improve the performance of a sentinel MEWS. Malaria-related data from 21 sentinel sites collected by Short Message Service are automatically analysed to detect malaria trends and malaria outbreak alerts with automated feedback reports. Results: Roll Back Malaria partners can, through a user-friendly web-based tool, visualize potential outbreaks and generate a forecasting model. The system already demonstrated its ability to detect malaria outbreaks in Madagascar in 2014. Conclusion: This approach aims to maximize the usefulness of a sentinel surveillance system to predict and detect epidemics in limited-resource environments.

关键词： Malaria normalize difference vegetation index Malaria Case Indoor Residual Spraying Short Message Service

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Natural environments, nature relatedness and the ecological theater: connecting satellites and sequencing to shinrin-yoku

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JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016年第1期35卷 1-1页

作者： Craig, Jeffrey M. Logan, Alan C. Prescott, Susan L. Univ Melbourne Murdoch Childrens Res Inst Royal Childrens Hosp Dept Paediat Parkville Vic 3052 Australia CAMNR Calabassas CA 91302 USA Univ Western Australia Sch Paediat & Child Hlth Princess Margaret Hosp Children Perth WA 6840 Australia WUN Int Inflammat In FLAME Network Perth WA Australia

Recent advances in research concerning the public health value of natural environments have been remarkable. The growing interest in this topic (often housed under terms such as green and/or blue space) has been occurring in parallel with the microbiome revolution and an increased use of remote sensing technology in public health. In the context of biodiversity loss, rapid urbanization, and alarming rates of global non-communicable diseases (many associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation), discussions of natural vis-a-vis built environments are not merely fodder for intellectual curiosity. Here, we argue for increased interdisciplinary collaboration with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms-including aerobiological and epigenetic-that might help explain some of the noted positive health outcomes. It is our contention that some of these mechanisms are related to ecodiversity (i.e., the sum of biodiversity and geodiversity, including biotic and abiotic constituents). We also encourage researchers to more closely examine individual nature relatedness and how it might influence many outcomes that are at the interface of lifestyle habits and contact with ecodiversity.

关键词： normalize difference vegetation index Green Space Traffic Noise Allostatic Load Nature Relatedness

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Ecological approaches in veterinary epidemiology: mapping the risk of bat-borne rabies using vegetation indices and night-time light satellite imagery

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VETERINARY RESEARCH 2015年第1期46卷 1-10页

作者： Escobar, Luis E. Peterson, A. Townsend Papes, Monica Favi, Myriam Yung, Veronica Restif, Olivier Qiao, Huijie Medina-Vogel, Gonzalo Univ Andres Bello Fac Ecol & Recursos Nat Santiago Chile SUNY Upstate Med Univ Ctr Global Hlth & Translat Sci Syracuse NY 13210 USA Univ Kansas Biodivers Inst Lawrence KS 66045 USA Oklahoma State Univ Dept Integrat Biol Stillwater OK 74078 USA Inst Salud Publ Chile Secc Rabia Nunoa Chile Univ Cambridge Dept Vet Med Dis Dynam Unit Cambridge CB3 0ES England Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing Peoples R China

Rabies remains a disease of significant public health concern. In the Americas, bats are an important source of rabies for pets, livestock, and humans. For effective rabies control and prevention, identifying potential areas for disease occurrence is critical to guide future research, inform public health policies, and design interventions. To anticipate zoonotic infectious diseases distribution at coarse scale, veterinary epidemiology needs to advance via exploring current geographic ecology tools and data using a biological approach. We analyzed bat-borne rabies reports in Chile from 2002 to 2012 to establish associations between rabies occurrence and environmental factors to generate an ecological niche model (ENM). The main rabies reservoir in Chile is the bat species Tadarida brasiliensis;we mapped 726 occurrences of rabies virus variant AgV4 in this bat species and integrated them with contemporary normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The correct prediction of areas with rabies in bats and the reliable anticipation of human rabies in our study illustrate the usefulness of ENM for mapping rabies and other zoonotic pathogens. Additionally, we highlight critical issues with selection of environmental variables, methods for model validation, and consideration of sampling bias. Indeed, models with weak or incorrect validation approaches should be interpreted with caution. In conclusion, ecological niche modeling applications for mapping disease risk at coarse geographic scales have a promising future, especially with refinement and enrichment of models with additional information, such as night-time light data, which increased substantially the model's ability to anticipate human rabies.

关键词： normalize difference vegetation index West Nile Virus Rabies Ecological Niche Modeling normalize difference vegetation index Data

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Associations between school- and household-level water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and soil-transmitted helminth infection among Kenyan school children

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PARASITES & VECTORS 2015年第1 p412-412期8卷 1-13页

作者： Freeman, M. C. Chard, A. N. Nikolay, B. Garn, J. V. Okoyo, C. Kihara, J. Njenga, S. M. Pullan, R. L. Brooker, S. J. Mwandawiro, C. S. Emory Univ Dept Environm Hlth Atlanta GA 30322 USA London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Fac Infect & Trop Dis London WC1 England Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr Eastern & Southern Africa Ctr Int Parasite Contro Nairobi Kenya

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths, a class of parasitic intestinal worms, are pervasive in many low-income settings. Infection among children can lead to poor nutritional outcomes, anaemia, and reduced cognition. Mass treatment, typically administered through schools, with yearly or biannual drugs is inexpensive and can reduce worm burden, but reinfection can occur rapidly. Access to and use of sanitation facilities and proper hygiene can reduce infection, but rigorous data are scarce. Among school-age children, infection can occur at home or at school, but little is known about the relative importance of WASH in transmission in these two settings. Methods: We explored the relationships between school and household water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions and behaviours during the baseline of a large-scale mass drug administration programme in Kenya. We assessed several WASH measures to quantify the exposure of school children, and developed theory and empirically-based parsimonious models. Results: Results suggest mixed impacts of household and school WASH on prevalence and intensity of infection. WASH risk factors differed across individual worm species, which is expected given the different mechanisms of infection. Conclusions: No trend of the relative importance of school versus household-level WASH emerged, though some factors, like water supply were more strongly related to lower infection, which suggests it is important in supporting other school practices, such as hand-washing and keeping school toilets clean.

关键词： normalize difference vegetation index Mass Drug Administration Helminth Infection Infection Intensity Frequent Access

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Plant phenotyping: from bean weighing to image analysis

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PLANT METHODS 2015年第1 p56-56期11卷 14-14页

作者： Walter, Achim Liebisch, Frank Hund, Andreas ETH Inst Agr Sci CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

Plant phenotyping refers to a quantitative description of the plant's anatomical, ontogenetical, physiological and biochemical properties. Today, rapid developments are taking place in the field of non-destructive, image-analysis -based phenotyping that allow for a characterization of plant traits in high-throughput. During the last decade, 'the field of image-based phenotyping has broadened its focus from the initial characterization of single-plant traits in controlled conditions towards 'real-life' applications of robust field techniques in plant plots and canopies. An important component of successful phenotyping approaches is the holistic characterization of plant performance that can be achieved with several methodologies, ranging from multispectral image analyses via thermographical analyses to growth measurements, also taking root phenotypes into account.

关键词： normalize difference vegetation index Chlorophyll Fluorescence Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Root Length Density Canopy Temperature

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Fine-scale malaria risk mapping from routine aggregated case data

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MALARIA JOURNAL 2014年第1期13卷 1-9页

作者： Sturrock, Hugh J. W. Cohen, Justin M. Keil, Petr Tatem, Andrew J. Le Menach, Arnaud Ntshalintshali, Nyasatu E. Hsiang, Michelle S. Gosling, Roland D. Univ Calif San Francisco Global Hlth Grp San Francisco CA 94143 USA Clinton Hlth Access Initiat Boston MA USA Yale Univ Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol New Haven CT USA Univ Southampton Dept Geog & Environm Southampton Hants England NIH Fogarty Int Ctr Bethesda MD 20892 USA Flowminder Fdn Stockholm Sweden Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas Dept Pediat Dallas TX 75390 USA

Background: Mapping malaria risk is an integral component of efficient resource allocation. Routine health facility data are convenient to collect, but without information on the locations at which transmission occurred, their utility for predicting variation in risk at a sub-catchment level is presently unclear. Methods: Using routinely collected health facility level case data in Swaziland between 2011-2013, and fine scale environmental and ecological variables, this study explores the use of a hierarchical Bayesian modelling framework for downscaling risk maps from health facility catchment level to a fine scale (1 km x 1 km). Fine scale predictions were validated using known household locations of cases and a random sample of points to act as pseudo-controls. Results: Results show that fine-scale predictions were able to discriminate between cases and pseudo-controls with an AUC value of 0.84. When scaled up to catchment level, predicted numbers of cases per health facility showed broad correspondence with observed numbers of cases with little bias, with 84 of the 101 health facilities with zero cases correctly predicted as having zero cases. Conclusions: This method holds promise for helping countries in pre-elimination and elimination stages use health facility level data to produce accurate risk maps at finer scales. Further validation in other transmission settings and an evaluation of the operational value of the approach is necessary.

关键词： Malaria Health Facility normalize difference vegetation index Travel Time Land Surface Temperature

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Individual migration timing of common nightingales is tuned with vegetation and prey phenology at breeding sites

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BMC ECOLOGY 2014年第1期14卷 1-8页

作者： Emmenegger, Tamara Hahn, Steffen Bauer, Silke Swiss Ornithol Inst Dept Bird Migrat CH-6204 Sempach Switzerland Univ Bern Inst Ecol & Evolut Conservat Biol Div CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW Dept Anim Ecol NL-6700 AB Wageningen Netherlands

Background: The timing of migration substantially influences individual fitness. To match peak requirements with peak resource availability, we hypothesized that individual migrants schedule spring migration in close relation to seasonal changes in environmental conditions along the route and particularly, at the breeding destination. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the timing of spring migration in male common nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos, a small Palearctic-African long-distance migrant, by linking spring migration timing to the phenology of local environmental conditions at non-breeding migratory stopover and breeding sites. In particular, we related individual migration decisions (i.e. departure and arrival) of nine males to site-specific vegetation phenology (based on remotely sensed vegetation index) and a proxy of food availability (based on insects' thermal requirements). Results: We found weak relation of departures from non-breeding and no relation of stopover timing with local phenology. However, our results showed that individuals, which departed early from their non-breeding sites and arrived early at the breeding site closely matched spring green-up there. Early arrival at the breeding site meant also a close match with peak food availability for adults and in a time-lagged manner, for offspring. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that male nightingale used cues other than local phenology for their departure decisions from non-breeding grounds and that there is some evidence for equalizing late departures during the course of migration.

关键词： normalize difference vegetation index Breeding Site Spring Migration Stopover Site normalize difference vegetation index Data

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Climate-smart agriculture global research agenda: Scientific basis for action

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Agriculture and Food Security 2014年第1期3卷 1-39页

作者： Steenwerth, Kerri L Hodson, Amanda K Bloom, Arnold J Carter, Michael R Cattaneo, Andrea Chartres, Colin J Hatfield, Jerry L Henry, Kevin Hopmans, Jan W Horwath, William R Jenkins, Bryan M Kebreab, Ermias Leemans, Rik Lipper, Leslie Lubell, Mark N Msangi, Siwa Prabhu, Ravi Reynolds, Matthew P Sandoval Solis, Samuel Sischo, William M Springborn, Michael Tittonell, Pablo Wheeler, Stephen M Vermeulen, Sonja J Wollenberg, Eva K Jarvis, Lovell S Jackson, Louise E Agricultural Research Service Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit C/o Department of Viticulture and Enology United States Department of Agriculture (ARS/USDA) RMI North Rm. 1151 595 Hilgard Lane Davis 95616 CA United States University of California at Davis Department of Land Air and Water Resources One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States University of California at Davis Department of Plant Sciences One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States University of California at Davis Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States Climate Smart Agriculture Project Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome 00100 Italy EWater University of Canberra Innovation Centre University Drive South Building 22 Bruce 2617 ACT Australia National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment ARS/USDA Ames IA United States Where the Rain Falls CARE France 71 rue Archereau Paris 75019 France Colorado State University School of Global Environmental Sustainability 108 Johnson Hall Fort Collins 80523 CO United States University of California at Davis Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States University of California at Davis Department of Animal Science One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States Wageningen University Environmental Sciences P.O. Box 47 Wageningen 6700AA Netherlands Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. Agricultural and Development Economic Analysis Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome 00100 Italy Center for Environmental Policy and Behavior University of California at Davis Department of Environmental Science and Policy One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Environment and Production Technology Division 2033 K St. NW Washington 20006-1002 DC United States World Agroforestry Center (IC

Background: Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the challenge of meeting the growing demand for food, fibre and fuel, despite the changing climate and fewer opportunities for agricultural expansion on additional lands. CSA focuses on contributing to economic development, poverty reduction and food security;maintaining and enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural and agricultural ecosystem functions, thus building natural capital;and reducing trade-offs involved in meeting these goals. Current gaps in knowledge, work within CSA, and agendas for interdisciplinary research and science-based actions identified at the 2013 Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture (Davis, CA, USA) are described here within three themes: (1) farm and food systems, (2) landscape and regional issues and (3) institutional and policy aspects. The first two themes comprise crop physiology and genetics, mitigation and adaptation for livestock and agriculture, barriers to adoption of CSA practices, climate risk management and energy and biofuels (theme 1);and modelling adaptation and uncertainty, achieving multifunctionality, food and fishery systems, forest biodiversity and ecosystem services, rural migration from climate change and metrics (theme 2). Theme 3 comprises designing research that bridges disciplines, integrating stakeholder input to directly link science, action and governance. Outcomes: In addition to interdisciplinary research among these themes, imperatives include developing (1) models that include adaptation and transformation at either the farm or landscape level;(2) capacity approaches to examine multifunctional solutions for agronomic, ecological and socioeconomic challenges;(3) scenarios that are validated by direct evidence and metrics to support behaviours that foster resilience and natural capital;(4) reductions in the risk that can present formidable barriers for farmers during adoption of new technology and practices;and (5) an understan

关键词： Ecosystem Service normalize difference vegetation index Food Security Conservation Agriculture index Insurance

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