An inverse design method that treats multiple wings (or multicomponents of a wing) is proposed and examined, The method takes into consideration the mutual interaction among wings, It designs the section shapes of win...
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An inverse design method that treats multiple wings (or multicomponents of a wing) is proposed and examined, The method takes into consideration the mutual interaction among wings, It designs the section shapes of wings that realize a specified surface pressure distribution, It can he applied to two- and three-dimensional aerodynamic design problems in various degrees of a flowfield, potential flow, inviscid and viscous flow, subsonic and transonic flow. The primary idea is the extension of an integral equation method, An inverse problem is reformulated in terms of integral equations that express the relation of pressure differences to geometrical changes of wing sections for a multiple wing system. Most of the integral calculation is done analytically and the equations are solved numerically by introducing piecewise function approximation, This method works well on several preliminary design problems in transonic and high subsonic flows. From the practical point of view, it is promising for complicated aerodynamic design.
A numerical algorithm for computing necessary conditions for performance specifications is developed for nonlinear uncertain systems that follow a prescribed trajectory, This algorithm provides a computationally effic...
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A numerical algorithm for computing necessary conditions for performance specifications is developed for nonlinear uncertain systems that follow a prescribed trajectory, This algorithm provides a computationally efficient means of evaluating the performance of a nonlinear system in the presence of noise, real parametric uncertainty, and unmodeled dynamics, The algorithm is similar in nature and behavior to the power algorithm for the structured singular value (mu) lower bound and does not rely on a descent method, The algorithm is tested on a Eight control example.
The swing-by maneuver uses a close approach with a celestial body to modify the velocity, energy, and angular momentum of a spacecraft's orbit. The swing-by trajectories are studied and classified under the model ...
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The swing-by maneuver uses a close approach with a celestial body to modify the velocity, energy, and angular momentum of a spacecraft's orbit. The swing-by trajectories are studied and classified under the model given by the elliptic restricted three-body problem. Several simulations are made to show the effects of the eccentricity of the primaries in this maneuver. The position of the secondary in its orbit (specified by its true anomaly) also has effects on the results, and they are quantified. To show the results, the orbit of the spacecraft is classified in four groups: elliptic direct, elliptic retrograde, hyperbolic direct, and hyperbolic retrograde. Then the modification in the orbit of the spacecraft due to the close approach is shown in plots that specify from which group the spacecraft's orbit is coming and to which group it is going. Several families of orbits are found and shown in detail. An analysis about the trends as parameters vary is performed, and the influence of each of them is shown and explained. The results presented can also be used to find optimal sets of parameters for several types of problems, such as finding an escape orbit that has minimum velocity at periapsis and other related problems.
A study was conducted to determine the closed-loop tail-sizing criteria for a High Speed Civil Transport using a newly developed integrated aircraft/controller design methodology. The key idea is to cast closed loop r...
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A study was conducted to determine the closed-loop tail-sizing criteria for a High Speed Civil Transport using a newly developed integrated aircraft/controller design methodology. The key idea is to cast closed loop requirements as linear matrix inequalities, for which efficient numerical solvers are available, In particular, the effects of certain feedback specifications, and of actuator amplitude and rate constraints on the maximum allowable e.g. travel for a given set of tail sizes are studied, A constant gain slate feedback controller Is designed as a part of the tail-sizing process.
We present a unified theory of matrix pencil techniques for solving both continuous and discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations (ARE's) under fairly general conditions on the coefficient matrices, The theory app...
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We present a unified theory of matrix pencil techniques for solving both continuous and discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations (ARE's) under fairly general conditions on the coefficient matrices, The theory applies to a large class of ARE's and Riccati-like equations arising from the singular H-infinity- and H-2- control problems, singular linear quadratic control, the ii-block Nehari problem, or from singular J-spectral factorizations. The underlying concept is the so-called proper deflating subspace of a (possibly singular) matrix pencil in terms of which necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of Riccati equations are given, It is shown that these conditions can be checked and the solutions computed by a numerically sound algorithm.
A different approach to the solution of a nonlinear set of algebraic equations is presented. It is basically a revision of the Newton iterative algorithm from a digital control point of view, The Newton algorithm is c...
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A different approach to the solution of a nonlinear set of algebraic equations is presented. It is basically a revision of the Newton iterative algorithm from a digital control point of view, The Newton algorithm is considered like a digital control algorithm that acts on a set of nonlinear algebraic equations. Its target is to find a value x* that satisfies the algebraic equation set. This value can be considered as a particular ''input'' of the equation set which gives a zero ''output'' while the iteration index can be considered as the clock of the digital system. From this point of view some correlations between the stability of digital systems and the Newton algorithm can be shown, This approach allows us to understand the reasons behind the convergence failure of some modified Newton algorithms such as source stepping, damping, and limiting that literature often reports as heuristic.
Composites with extremal or unusual thermal expansion coefficients are designed using a three-phase topology optimization method. The composites are made of two different material phases and a void phase. The topology...
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Composites with extremal or unusual thermal expansion coefficients are designed using a three-phase topology optimization method. The composites are made of two different material phases and a void phase. The topology optimization method consists in finding the distribution of material phases that optimizes an objective function (e.g. thermoelastic properties) subject to certain constraints, such as elastic symmetry or volume fractions of the constituent phases, within a periodic base cell. The effective properties of the material structures are found using the numerical homogenization method based on a finite-element discretization of the base cell. The optimization problem is solved using sequential linear programming. To benchmark the design method we first consider two-phase designs. Our optimal two-phase microstructures are in fine agreement with rigorous bounds and the so-called Vigdergauz microstructures that realize the bounds. For three phases, the optimal microstructures are also compared with new rigorous bounds and again it is shown that the method yields designed materials with thermoelastic properties that are close to the bounds. The three-phase design method is illustrated by designing materials having maximum directional thermal expansion (thermal actuators), zero isotropic thermal expansion, and negative isotropic thermal expansion. It is shown that materials with effective negative thermal expansion coefficients can be obtained by mixing two phases with positive thermal expansion coefficients and void. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
The problem of minimal-parameter solution of the orthogonal matrix differential equation is addressed. This well-known equation arises naturally in three-dimensional attitude determination problems (in aircraft and sa...
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The problem of minimal-parameter solution of the orthogonal matrix differential equation is addressed. This well-known equation arises naturally in three-dimensional attitude determination problems (in aircraft and satellite navigation systems), as well as in the square-root solution of the matrix Riccati differential equation. A direct solution of this equation involves n(2) integrations for the elements of the nth-order solution matrix. However, since an orthogonal matrix is determined by only n(n - 1)/2 independent (albeit nonunique) parameters, a much more efficient solution may, conceivably, be obtained by a parametrization of the problem in terms of such parameters. A new, third-order minimal parametrization, which is motivated by the Peano-Baker solution of linear matrix differential equations, is introduced. The parameters and their corresponding differential equation are very simple and natural. The proposed method is used to provide a new derivation of a closed-form third-order quaternion propagation algorithm, which is commonly used in strapdown inertial navigation systems utilizing rate-integrating gyros. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the viability and high efficiency of the new algorithm.
The interception of a maneuvering antisurface missile, as in ballistic missile defense and ship defense scenarios, is formulated as an imperfect information, zero-sum, pursuit-evasion game with a state constraint impo...
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The interception of a maneuvering antisurface missile, as in ballistic missile defense and ship defense scenarios, is formulated as an imperfect information, zero-sum, pursuit-evasion game with a state constraint imposed on the evader. Assuming that the perfect information version of the game does not yield a successful result for the defense, the solution of this game is in mixed strategies. The blind antisurface missile is programmed to perform a random maneuver sequence. The guidance law of the interceptor missile includes a bias, which partially compensates for the inability to achieve a satisfactory deterministic outcome and yields a nonzero probability of success. Moreover, the defense system must launch the interceptor missile at a randomly selected initial range from the incoming antisurface missile based on the solution of a game of timing. A new methodology is presented to assess the probability of successful interception as a function of the parameters of the scenario.
A framework is proposed that generalizes describing function (DF) analysis to uncertain systems. By fitting a rational approximation to the DF of nonlinear elements, DF analysis is incorporated into a generalized mu f...
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A framework is proposed that generalizes describing function (DF) analysis to uncertain systems. By fitting a rational approximation to the DF of nonlinear elements, DF analysis is incorporated into a generalized mu framework of robustness analysis. This allows us to consider uncertainty in both the linear and nonlinear components. Information on the size, frequency, and stability of unforced limit cycles is obtained as in the graphical test. The response to sinusoidal driving inputs can also be analyzed in this framework.
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