To maintain sensitivity to new physics in the coming years of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operations, A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS (ATLAS) collaboration has been working on upgrading a portion of the front-end (FE) electr...
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To maintain sensitivity to new physics in the coming years of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operations, A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS (ATLAS) collaboration has been working on upgrading a portion of the front-end (FE) electronics and replacing some parts of the detector with new devices that can operate under the much harsher background conditions of future LHC runs. The legacy FE of the ATLAS detector sent data to the data acquisition (DAQ) system via the so-called Read Out Drivers (RODs) custom-made VMEbus boards devoted to data processing, configuration, and control. The data were then received by the Read Out System (ROS), which was responsible for buffering them during the High-Level Trigger (HLT) processing. From Run 3 onward, all new trigger and detector systems will be read out using new components, replacing the combination of the ROD and the ROS. This new path will feature an application called the Software Read Out Driver (SW ROD), which will run on a commodity server receiving FE data via the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system. The SW ROD will perform event fragment building and buffering as well as serving the data on request to the HLT. The SW ROD application has been designed as a highly customizable high-performance framework providing support for detector-specific event building and data processing algorithms. The implementation that will be used for Run 3 of the LHC is capable of building event fragments at a rate of 100 kHz from an input stream consisting of up to 120 MHz of individual data packets. This document will cover the design and the implementation of the SW ROD application and will present the results of performance measurements executed on the server models selected to host SW ROD applications during Run 3.
C++ [1, 2] extends a modern, general purpose programming language into the object-oriented programming paradigm. The language ameliorates disadvatanges of C while introducing new problems. Advantages and disadvantages...
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C++ [1, 2] extends a modern, general purpose programming language into the object-oriented programming paradigm. The language ameliorates disadvatanges of C while introducing new problems. Advantages and disadvantages of traditional C [3, 4] have been discussed in [5]. This paper assesses C++, examining why it is better general purpose programming langauge. Since C++ is “object-oriented” we consider how well it implements that metaphor. In this paper we assume the reader has a working knowledge of the C programming language. Section 1 briefly enumerates advantages and disadvantages of C to provide a context for assessing C++. In Section 2 we describe new C++ features and discuss ways they ameliorate shortcomings of C. Section 3 describes philosophical and practical problems with C++. The last section assesses C++ as a successor to C.
Computer-mediated teaching can be very effective in enhancing students' understanding of concepts and increasing their involvement in the classroom. This paper presents an interactive visual simulation tool to ass...
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Computer-mediated teaching can be very effective in enhancing students' understanding of concepts and increasing their involvement in the classroom. This paper presents an interactive visual simulation tool to assist instructors in demonstrating power system stability phenomena. Power flow computations, used to initialise the simulation, are carried out using Mat lab, whereas the simulation is implemented using Simulink. The Graphical User Interface (GUI), which controls the whole program and is constructed using C#, provides the capability to change system parameters/operating points interactively. To further the grasp of stability notions and reinforce the sense of seamless photorealistic interaction with the simulation, visual animation illustrating the synchronous generator along with virtual analogue meters, represented as ActiveX controls to portray inherent machine variables, are constructed. Several test cases, which cover various power system stability events, are described and analysed.
We propose to use modal logic as a logic for coalgebras and discuss it in view of the work done on coalgebras as a semantics of object-oriented programming. Two approaches are taken: First, standard concepts of modal ...
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We propose to use modal logic as a logic for coalgebras and discuss it in view of the work done on coalgebras as a semantics of object-oriented programming. Two approaches are taken: First, standard concepts of modal logic are applied to coalgebras. For a certain kind of functor it is shown that the logic exactly captures the notion of bisimulation and a complete calculus is given. Examples of verifications of object properties are given. Second, we discuss the relationship of this approach with the coalgebraic logic of Moss (Coalgebraic logic, Ann. pure Appl. Logic 96 (1999) 277-317.). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The burden of organizational learning surrounding software process innovations (SPIs)-and complex organizational technologies in general-creates a ''knowledge barrier'' that inhibits diffusion. Attewel...
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The burden of organizational learning surrounding software process innovations (SPIs)-and complex organizational technologies in general-creates a ''knowledge barrier'' that inhibits diffusion. Attewell (1992) has suggested that many organizations will defer adoption until knowledge barriers have been sufficiently lowered;however, this leaves open the question of which organizations should be more likely to innovate, even in face of high knowledge barriers. It is proposed here that organizations will innovate in the presence of knowledge barriers when the burden of organizational learning is effectively lower, either because much of the required know-how already exists within the organization, or because such knowledge can be acquired more easily or more economically. Specifically, it is hypothesized that organizations will have a greater propensity to initiate and sustain the assimilation of SPIs when they have a greater scale of activities over which learning costs can be spread (learning-related scale), more extensive existing knowledge related to the focal innovation (related knowledge), and a greater diversity of technical knowledge and activities (diversity). An empirical study using data on the assimilation of object-oriented programming languages (OOPLs) by 608 information technology organizations strongly confirmed the importance of the three hypothesized factors in explaining the assimilation of OOPLs.
A general-purpose object-oriented fatigue tool set has been designed and implemented that can serve not only as a stand-alone code for preliminary design studies, but also as a foundation for highly complex industrial...
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A general-purpose object-oriented fatigue tool set has been designed and implemented that can serve not only as a stand-alone code for preliminary design studies, but also as a foundation for highly complex industrial 'in-house' fatigue codes. Due to their programming structure, these tools may easily be modified to include additional fatigue prediction methods. Three component libraries have been created to address three topics in fatigue analysis: (1) fatigue material property definition;(2) basic fatigue calculations;and (3) cumulative damage calculations. The initial programming framework has been supplemented, demonstrating the expandability of the libraries. The component libraries have been incorporated into three programs to verify their capabilities and demonstrate their use.
Model-driven software engineering is supported with the help of model transformations. At present, the technology for defining and executing uni-directional batch transformations seems to be fairly well developed, whi...
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Model-driven software engineering is supported with the help of model transformations. At present, the technology for defining and executing uni-directional batch transformations seems to be fairly well developed, while bidirectional and incremental transformations are more difficult to handle. In this study, the authors present a bidirectional and incremental transformation tool for round-trip engineering between class diagrams and Java source code. Unlike other approaches, the tool may work with arbitrary Java code rather than only with source code following specific coding conventions. For its realisation, they selected triple graph grammars (TGGs) because they allow to generate bidirectional incremental transformations from a single set of undirected rules. When applying TGGs, they observed several strengths and weaknesses which are also discussed in this study.
An object-oriented finite element/finite volume software, EasyFEM, has been developed. The software, with a fully interactive graphics interface, analyses heat transfer, solid mechanics, and fluids problems by the fin...
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An object-oriented finite element/finite volume software, EasyFEM, has been developed. The software, with a fully interactive graphics interface, analyses heat transfer, solid mechanics, and fluids problems by the finite element and the finite volume methods. The Coad and Yourdon methodology is used to describe the general structure of classes and objects implemented by the software. Details of the object-oriented classes for both the graphics pre- and post-processors, as well as for the analysis solutions, are described. Several case studies with graphical representations of numerical solutions are presented to illustrate some functionalities of the software. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This research paper presents a prototype object-oriented and rule-based system for product cost modelling and design for automation at an early design stage. The developed system comprises a computer aided design (CAD...
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This research paper presents a prototype object-oriented and rule-based system for product cost modelling and design for automation at an early design stage. The developed system comprises a computer aided design (CAD) solid modelling system, a material selection module, a knowledge-based system (KBS), a process optimization module, a design for assembly module, a cost estimation module and a user interface. The system development process has passed through four major steps: constructing the knowledge-based and process optimization system;developing a design for assembly module;integrating the KBS with both a material selection database and the CAD system;developing and implementing a fuzzy logic approach to generate reliable estimation of cost and to handle the uncertainty in the cost estimation model that cannot be addressed by traditional analytical methods. Two manufacturing processes, namely machining and injection moulding processes, were considered in the developed system. The main function of the system, besides estimating the product cost, is to generate initial process planning, including the generation and selection of machining processes, their sequence and their machining parameters, and to recommend the most economical assembly technique for a product and provide design improvement suggestions based on a design feasibility technique. In addition, a feature-by-feature cost estimation report is generated using the proposed system to highlight the features of high manufacturing cost. Two case studies were used to validate the developed system.
An interesting and little documented problem is the influence of a design methodology on the program architecture. In this case study, we compared two design methodologies and their impact on both development process ...
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An interesting and little documented problem is the influence of a design methodology on the program architecture. In this case study, we compared two design methodologies and their impact on both development process and the resulting program architecture. The methodologies are object-based variants of refinement methodology and structured design, respectively. Both methodologies were applied to the same problem (a library system of less than 1000 lines of Ada code), and the results were compared. Substantial differences between the two resulting architectures are analysed and discussed.
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