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AdapT: A reusable package for implementing smart contracts that process transactions of congruous types

SOFTWARE IMPACTS 2024年 21卷

作者： Gorski, Tomasz Univ Gdansk Inst Comp Sci Wita Stwosza 57 PL-80308 Gdansk Poland

The widespread use of smart contracts results in high repeatability of their source code. The solution seems to lay in reusing the verification rules that check the feasibility of logically related transactions. The software allows for developing a smart contract that may process various transaction types. Besides, employing the package in implementing a smart contract eliminates the redundancy of verification rules. The package structure ensures the ability to handle actual smart contracts and transactions at the abstract level. Moreover, the article presents a proposal to standardize the way of designing the transaction verification function in a smart contract.

关键词： Blockchain Smart contract object-oriented programming Functional programming Design pattern

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Surveying communities of users of MATLAB and clone languages

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES 2022年 73卷

作者： Reis, Eduardo Gralha, Catarina Monteiro, Miguel P. NOVA LINCS Costa da Caparica Portugal NOVA Sch Sci & Technol Caparica Portugal

Context: MATLAB is a programming language vastly used in scientific and engineering domains by engineers, scientists, and researchers. Still, MATLAB seems to be perceived as being used mainly by non-professional programmers, not taking full advantage of MATLAB's features (e.g., OOP-support). The current state of the art does not seem to verify these ***: Our goal was to fill the gap in the characteristics of the MATLAB community and its users, how proficient they are with the MATLAB, and what is their satisfaction level. Methods: We performed a survey with 212 valid responses, aiming to characterize the community of MATLAB users and clone languages. The survey was published on several platforms, including Reddit, Linkedin, and MATLAB ***: There is a balanced distribution across different levels of experience in the community. (12.74%) of our sample uses MATLAB only through the command window. The more users expect other people to use their programs, the more effort they will put into making the code easy to understand, maintain and reuse. The use of OOP is not widespread (22%). The majority of MATLAB users are satisfied with its modularity ***: Our study provides insights into MATLAB's use patterns that are potentially useful for entities responsible for MATLAB's future evolution.

关键词： MATLAB Surveys Questionnaires Modularity object-oriented programming

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'Early X or Late X' Questions for Discussing Curricular Practices in CS1 and CS2 2023

'Early X or Late X' Questions for Discussing Curricular Prac...

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Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2

作者： Martin Henz National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394338

In teaching university entry-level calculus, it proved useful to distinguish early from late transcendentals depending on the time at which transcendentals such as the exponential and logarithmic functions are introduced. I suggest we pose analogous "early X or late X" questions for first-year computer science courses. I propose a tentative list of concepts for which the "early or late" question might be worthy a discussion and argue that the approach allows us to pay attention to pedagogical choices rather than the choice of the programming language for CS1 and *** first calculus textbook by late Torontonian and mathematics educator James Drewry Stewart follows the traditional approach of late transcendentals where the transcendental logarithm function is introduced as an integral of ƒ (χ) = 1/χ and the transcendental exponential function as its inverse. Stewart and others realized that this approach deprives the concepts preceding integrals of these two transcendentals as interesting example functions. Stewart's early-transcendentals alternative introduces them-along with transcendental trigonometric functions-informally in the first chapter and uses these transcendentals throughout the *** we have analogous pedagogic choices in CS1 and CS2? An exhaustive approach would list all essential concepts in the first year in CS and analyse their prerequisite dependencies. To initiate a more focused discussion, I propose instead to limit the discourse to a handful of concepts, and explore their "early or late" question.

关键词： cs1 types functional programming object-oriented programming

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Assessment of static type checking compliance of EOLANG

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Procedia Computer Science 2022年 207卷 4200-4206页

作者： Vadim Piven Sergey Zykov National Research University Higher School of Economics 101000 Moscow Russia National Research Nuclear University of Moscow Engineering Physics Institute 115409 Moscow Russia

The EOLANG programming language is a novel technology relying on formal phi-calculus similar to lambda-calculus for functional programming languages, and on design choices declared as mitigating most weak points of mainstream object-oriented programming languages. EO is under active development up to date and has some obvious development vectors. One of these vectors is development of compilation time type checker. With dynamic type checking provided by now, writing and testing programs in EO takes long and is vulnerable to bugs. In this paper the assessment of static type checking compliance of EOLANG is performed. The results reveal serious weak points in EOLANG implementation and theoretical basis making development of static type checker impossible.

关键词： object-oriented programming the EO programming language elegant objects transcompilation type checking, the phi-calculus

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GENASIS Basics: object-oriented utilitarian functionality for large-scale physics simulations (Version 4)

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COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2022年 281卷

作者： Budiardja, Reuben D. Cardall, Christian Y. Oak Ridge Natl Lab Natl Ctr Computat Sci Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Oak Ridge Natl Lab Phys Div Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

GENASIS Basics provides modern Fortran classes furnishing extensible object-oriented utilitarian functionality for large-scale physics simulations on distributed memory supercomputers. This functionality includes physical units and constants;display to the screen or standard output device;message passing;I/O to disk;and runtime parameter management and usage statistics. This revision-Version 4 of Basics-includes a name change and additions to functionality, including the facilitation of direct communication between GPUs. New version program summary Program title: SineWaveAdvection, SawtoothWaveAdvection, and RiemannProblem (fluid dynamics example problems illustrating GENASIS Basics);ArgonEquilibrium and ClusterFor-mation (molecular dynamics example problems illustrating GENASIS Basics) CPC Library link to program files: https://doi .org /10 .17632 /6w9ygpygmc .3 Developer's repository link: https://github .com /GenASiS Code Ocean capsule: https://codeocean .com /capsule /9737716 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 programming language: Modern Fortran;OpenMP (tested with recent versions of GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), Cray Compiler Environment (CCE), IBM XL Fortran compiler) Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Commun. 244 (2019) 483 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: By way of illustrating GENASIS Basics functionality, solve example fluid dynamics and molecular dynamics problems. Solution method: For fluid dynamics examples, finite-volume. For molecular dynamics examples, leapfrog and velocity-Verlet integration. Reasons for new version: This version includes a significant name change, some minor additions to functionality, and two major additions to functionality: support for systems using AMD GPUs and infrastructure facilitating GPU-aware MPI communications. Summary of revisions: The CONSTANT singleton has been updated to 2022 values [1]. The class MeasuredValueForm-a class for handling numbers with labels to pr

关键词： Simulation framework object-oriented programming Modern fortran GPU-accelerated simulation OpenMP offload

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The design of PACS (Physics-oriented Accelerator Control System) and its implementation in a heavy ion accelerator facility

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2020年第0期953卷 163170-000页

作者： Ma, G. M. Liu, J. Yang, J. C. Chai, W. P. Ruan, S. Zhu, Y. P. Wang, G. Shen, G. D. Wang, R. R. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Modern Phys Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Huizhou Res Ctr Ion Sci Huizhou 516003 Peoples R China

As many diverse accelerator facilities are designed, constructed and operated by IMP (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences), the existing physics control system cannot cover all requirements of these facilities. In order to save the construction time, improve the commissioning efficiency, simplify the operation and reach higher beam intensity and better beam quality, a new physics control system, PACS (Physics-oriented Accelerator Control System), is proposed, designed and implemented in the IMP. With the control layer in three layers, i.e. application layer, physics layer and control layer, the PACS is protocol neutral and can be deployed to all accelerator facilities in the IMP without massive reprogramming. The physics layer encapsulates all physics control processes, including device-level physics and system-level physics, into highly usable interfaces, which makes the development of the application layer and the customized applications simpler, more robust and efficient. Due to the OOP (object-oriented programming) technology used in this layer and specific designs, the PACS is highly scalable and can keep pace with the rapidly changing hardware and software. As the application layer is built upon the physics layer interfaces, no matter what is updated in the physics layer, the applications remain unchanged. Many new physics control processes can be tested and implemented in the physics layer by the developers or the users without influencing the operation of these facilities. Now, a version of PACS for miniature facilities is implemented and tested in the CSR, a heavy ion accelerator facility for scientific research in the IMP. It meets the expected goals and provides a solid base for following versions. In the future, the PACS will become a general-purpose physics control system for all heavy ion accelerator facilities.

关键词： Physics control system PACS Heavy ion accelerator object-oriented programming

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Process metrics for software defect prediction in object-oriented programs

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IET SOFTWARE 2020年第3期14卷 283-292页

作者： Yu, Qiao Jiang, Shujuan Qian, Junyan Bo, Lili Jiang, Li Zhang, Gongjie Jiangsu Normal Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China Minist Educ Engn Res Ctr Mine Digitalizat Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China Guangxi Normal Univ Guangxi Key Lab Multisource Informat Min & Secur Guilin Peoples R China Guilin Univ Elect Technol Guangxi Key Lab Trusted Software Guilin Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Sch Informat Engn Yangzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China

Software evolution is an important activity in the life cycle of a modern software system. In the process of software evolution, the repair of historical defects and the increasing demands may introduce new defects. Therefore, evolution-oriented defect prediction has attracted much attention of researchers in recent years. At present, some researchers have proposed the process metrics to describe the characteristics of software evolution. However, compared with the traditional software defect prediction methods, the research on evolution-oriented defect prediction is still inadequate. Based on the evolution data of object-oriented programs, this study presented two new process metrics from the defect rates of historical packages and the change degree of classes. To show the effectiveness of the proposed process metrics, the authors made comparisons with the code metrics and other process metrics. An empirical study was conducted on 33 versions of nine open-source projects. The results showed that adding the proposed process metrics could improve the performance of evolution-oriented defect prediction effectively.

关键词： object-oriented programming software fault tolerance software maintenance software metrics software quality software packages defect rates process metrics evolution-oriented defect prediction object-oriented programs software evolution modern software system historical defects traditional software defect prediction methods evolution data

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Hybridisation of forklift trucks

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IET ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN TRANSPORTATION 2020年第1期10卷 116-123页

作者： Ceraolo, Massimo Lutzemberger, Giovanni Scarpelli, Claudio Bonelli, Giovanni Paolo Piazza, Tommaso Univ Pisa Dept Energy Syst Terr & Construct Engn Pisa Italy Toyota Mat Handling Mfg Italy SpA Via Persicetana Vecchia 10 I-40132 Bologna Italy

In the past years, forklift manufacturers have started to hybridise their products under the worldwide interest toward electrification. This is generally made starting from existing standard products, and converting them into hybrid versions, rather than start from scratch and designing fully new vehicles. This approach involves several gaps from the inaccurate evaluation of the powertrain architecture and relative energy management strategy, up to a rough sizing of components. Therefore, this study suggests a structured methodology to follow, aimed to properly design hybrid forklift trucks. The first step is the analysis of the conventional working machine to hybridise, identifying one set of duty cycles. Then, the design of the new powertrain architecture, with a proper energy management strategy, and the definition of a numerical simulation model realised through a multiphysics object-oriented software package, to properly size the new powertrain components, and to verify energy and power flows. Finally, it is also presented a brief-cost-benefit analysis, as last verification of the proposed methodology, to verify the cost-effectiveness to bring the new products to the market. Results have shown the general feasibility of the operation since the significant reduction in fuel consumption is combined with sustainable costs of the new electrified components.

关键词： object-oriented programming machinery production industries power transmission (mechanical) hybrid electric vehicles fork lift trucks energy management systems software packages cost-benefit analysis power engineering computing mechanical engineering computing relative energy management strategy structured methodology design hybrid forklift trucks conventional working machine duty cycles powertrain architecture proper energy management strategy numerical simulation model multiphysics object-oriented software package powertrain components power flows brief-cost-benefit analysis electrified components hybridisation forklift manufacturers electrification

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Rule-Based object-oriented Water Resource System Simulation Model for Water Allocation

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2020年第10期34卷 3183-3197页

作者： Lin, Pengfei You, Jinjun Gan, Hong Jia, Ling China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River Beijing 100038 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Grad Sch Nanjing 210098 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Simulation is a basic method to analyze water resources system and provide information for decision-making. In this study, a framework is presented that describes the basic elements in a water resource system and a modelling technique integrating conceptual simulation and rule control. To formulate the process of the water cycle and water exploitation with a mathematical model, the water system is described based on adjustable relevant rules and respective parameters with experiences and pragmatic demands in the framework. The rule set describes the principles required to design conceptual networks and control the concrete processes of movement and conversion of different water flows. Combined with object-oriented programming, different calculation functional modules are classified based on the characteristics of water source layers, and the processes that occur in the networks are realised in the computation. The influence of the South-to-North Water Diversion project on the Haihe River basin is analysed by the rule-based object-oriented water resource allocation simulation model. According to the simulation results, groundwater extraction will be reduced by 6,181 million m(3). The relationship between water source replacement and water layer exchange in the Haihe River basin is analysed, and the feasibility of the model is verified. Based on the rule-based model, the user requirements can be taken into account conveniently, and the rules are flexible to adjust with experiences and real conditions. This model can be used to simulate complex water resource systems.

关键词： Framework System simulation Water source layer object-oriented programming

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Categorisation-based approach for predicting the fault-proneness of object-oriented classes in software post-releases

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IET SOFTWARE 2020年第5期14卷 525-534页

作者： Al Dallal, Jehad Kuwait Univ Dept Informat Sci POB 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait

Subsequent releases of a system have common development environments and characteristics. However, prediction models based on within-project data potentially suffer from being based on fault data reported within relatively short maintenance time intervals, which potentially decreases their prediction abilities. In this study, the authors propose an approach that improves the classification performance of models based on within-project data that are applied to predict the fault-proneness of the classes in a software post-release (PR). The proposed approach involves selecting a set of immediate pre-releases and constructing a prediction model based on each pre-release. The PR classes are categorised based on whether they are newly developed or they are reused, with or without modification, from one or more of the selected pre-releases. The prediction models are applied to the PR classes reused from selected pre-releases, and the results are used to construct a fault-proneness prediction model. After applying this prediction model to all PR classes, the fault-proneness results are adjusted by considering the relationship between the prediction results of the individual pre-release models and the actual fault data. They reported an empirical study that shows that the classification performance of the categorisation-based fault-proneness prediction models is considerably better than those constructed using existing approaches.

关键词： object-oriented programming software quality software fault tolerance fault diagnosis software metrics within-project data relatively short maintenance time intervals prediction abilities software post-release immediate pre-releases PR classes selected pre-releases fault-proneness prediction model fault-proneness results individual pre-release models actual fault data categorisation-based fault-proneness prediction models categorisation-based approach object-oriented classes subsequent releases common development environments

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