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3rd International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement

作者： Hanenberg, Stefan Kleinschmager, Sebastian Josupeit-Walter, Manuel Univ Duisburg Essen D-45117 Essen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424448425

Aspect-oriented software development is an approach which addresses the construction of software artifacts that traditional software engineering constructs fail to modularize: the so-called crosscutting concerns. However, although aspect-orientation claims to permit a better modularization of crosscutting concerns, it is still not clear whether the development time for such crosscutting concerns is increased or decreased by the application of aspect-oriented techniques. This paper addresses this issue by an experiment which compares the development times of crosscutting concerns using traditional composition techniques and aspect-oriented composition techniques using the object-oriented programming language Java and the aspect-oriented programming language AspectJ. In that way, the experiment reveals opportunities and risks caused by aspect-oriented programming techniques in comparison to object-oriented ones.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming development time Modularity computer software empirical studies Software design object oriented programming languages

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So many languages, so little time

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2008年第1期25卷 4-6页

作者： Erdogmus, Hakan Natl Res Council Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada

What\'\'s up and coming in the programming language arena? A rudimentary analysis of the 200+ sessions\'\' titles and abstracts at OOPSLA 07 (22nd Int\'\'l Conf. object-oriented programming, Systems, languages, and Applications) provides a rough idea of what\'\'s happening with object-oriented, functional, dynamic, and domain-specific languages.

关键词： and domain-specific language dynamic language functional language object-oriented language Computer programming languages object oriented programming languages Language Functional programming

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Hidden truth behind .NET's exception handling today

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IET SOFTWARE 2007年第6期1卷 233-250页

作者： Cabral, B. Sacramento, P. Marques, P. Univ Coimbra CISUC Dept Informat Engn Polo 2 P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal

The emergence of exception handling (EH) mechanisms in modern programming languages made available a different way of communicating errors between procedures. For years, programmers trusted in correct documentation of error codes returned by procedures to correctly handle erroneous situations. Now, they have to focus on the documentation of exceptions for the same effect. But to what extent can exception documentation be trusted? Moreover, is there enough documentation for exceptions? And in what way do these questions relate to the discussion on checked against unchecked exceptions? For a given set of Microsoft .NET applications, code and documentation were thoroughly parsed and compared. This showed that exception documentation tends to be scarce. In particular, it showed that 90% of exceptions are undocumented. Furthermore, programmers were demonstrated to be keener to document exceptions they explicitly throw while typically leaving exceptions resulting from method calls undocumented. This conclusion lead to another question: how do programmers use the EH mechanisms available in modem programming languages? More than 16 different .NET applications were examined in order to provide an answer. The major conclusion of this work is that exceptions are not being correctly used as an error-handling mechanism. These results contribute to the assessment of the effectiveness of the unchecked exceptions approach.

关键词： exception documentation object oriented programming languages system documentation exception handling Microsoft .NET exception handling Distributed systems software object-oriented programming network operating systems object-oriented programming object-oriented languages

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A multilayered bilingual word-alignment algorithm

A multilayered bilingual word-alignment algorithm

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6th International Conference on Advanced Language Processing and Web Information Technology

作者： Zhang Ke-liang Zhang Xiao-Fei Huang He-Yan Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Comp & Language Informat Engn Beijing 100089 Peoples R China Luoyang Univ Foreign Languages Luoyang 471003 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769529301

Bilingual word alignment is to find the corresponding word-level translation between the source and the target language sentences. It is widely used in the area of natural language processing, like machine translation, cross-language information retrieval, bilingual dictionary compilation. However, bilingual word alignment is a very difficult task involving many challenges such as morphology, syntax, semantics, human translation habits, and the inherent difference between English and Chinese. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed By adopting a multilayered matching and disambiguation strategy, the bilingual word-alignment task is transformed to an iterative solution of anchor word-pair. The positive experimental results of 93.5% precision, 77.3% recall, and 84.2% F-score show the algorithm's effectiveness.

关键词： information retrieval iterative solution Natural Language Processing Word object oriented programming languages English English language machine translation algorithms syntax Dictionaries as Topic

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On problems in polymorphic object-oriented languages with self types and matching

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FUNDAMENTA INFORMATICAE 2006年第4期71卷 477-491页

作者： Winter, Michael Brock Univ Dept Comp Sci St Catharines ON L2S 3A1 Canada

Subtyping is a basic concept in object-oriented languages. It supports subsumption but, unfortunately, it does not support inheritance of binary methods, i.e., methods taking another argument of type Self - the same type as the object itself. For this reason, a relation, called matching, on recursive object types has been proposed. This relation does not support subsumption but it allows to inherit binary methods. Two different definitions of matching, called F-bounded and higher-order subtyping, have been proposed and discussed. It was shown that the higher-order interpretation has better theoretical properties, i.e., it leads to a reflexive and transitive matching relation. In this paper we concentrate on two problems in languages with self types and matching based on the higher-order interpretation. We show that the flexibility of self types may not allow the programmer to define certain classes and/or methods which are based on constant values. Furthermore, the higher-order interpretation, especially in the context of bounded quantification, is too restrictive. We argue that a language should be based on both versions of matching and a notion of a type This distinguished from the type Self.

关键词： object oriented programming languages Computer personnel higher-order Language Reflexive

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A simplified approach to web service development 06

A simplified approach to web service development

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Australasian Workshops on Grid Computing and E-research

作者： Peter M. Kelly Paul D. Coddington Andrew L. Wendelborn School of Computer Science University of Adelaide South Australia Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781920682361

Most languages used for developing web services and clients exhibit properties which make calling remote functions across a network a non-trivial task. The type systems used by object oriented languages have many incompatibilities with those required for service interfaces, and the complicated tasks of generating proxy objects and WSDL service definitions mean that a lot of effort is required to create a service, in comparison with defining classes and functions to be used locally. We discuss the problems with existing systems and propose a new model for web services development based on an implementation of XSLT that we are currently developing. This provides a number of features useful for distributed applications such as automatic fault tolerance and load balancing, as well as a seamless mechanism for exposing and accessing web services.

关键词： Web Service System response interface Extensible Style Language Transformation Fault tolerance Load balancing object oriented programming languages customers

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CROSSLINGUAL ADAPTATION OF SEMI-CONTINUOUS HMMS USING MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD AND MAXIMUM A POSTERIORI CONVEX REGRESSION

CROSSLINGUAL ADAPTATION OF SEMI-CONTINUOUS HMMS USING MAXIMU...

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European Signal Processing Conference

作者： Frank Diehl Asuncion Moreno Enric Monte University of Pisa

In this work we present a novel adaptation design for semicontinuous HMMs (SCHMM). The method, which is developed in the scope of a crosslingual model adaptation task, consists in adjusting the states’ mixture weights associated to the prototype densities of the codebook. The mixture weights of the target language are modelled as convex combinations of prototype weights. They are defined by an acoustic regression scheme applied to the source models, followed by a refinement using probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA). In order to find suitable combination weights for the convex combinations we present a maximum likelihood (ML) as well as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate. Thus, we name them maximum likelihood convex regression (MLCR) and maximum a posteriori convex regression (MAPCR). Finally, a crosslingual model adaptation task transferring multilingual Spanish-English-German HMMs to Slovenian demonstrates the performance of the method.

关键词： maximum likelihood object oriented programming languages Maximum a posteriori estimation SEMI-CONTINUOUS Convexity Regression (Psychology)

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Spatiotemporal data model and query language for tracking land use change

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TRANSPORTATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT 2005 2005年第1902期 107-113页

作者： Huang, B Claramunt, C Univ Calgary Dept Geomat Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Naval Acad Res Inst F-29240 Brest France

Management of spatiotemporal information requires a more generic and consolidated data model to facilitate applications such as tracking land use parcel changes. This paper presents such a spatiotemporal data model in the context of object databases by extending the object Data Management Group (ODMG) standard and examines its feasibility in a land use application. This model extends the ODMG object model with a parameterized type, TimeSeries < T >, which allows the shifting of spatial types into spatiotemporal types to support the representation of a series of states (i.e., the history) of an object. An object query language (OQL), spatiotemporal OQL (STOQL), which adds spatial and temporal dimensions to ODMG's OQL, is also designed. A case study demonstrates that STOQL supports the formulation of various spatiotemporal queries pertaining to historical states of spatial objects as well as spatial changes, including spatial type substitution. The model and query language have been implemented by using an object-oriented language in a geographic information system environment.

关键词： object oriented programming languages data models space targets data base language Land use change

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Second language interferes with word production in fluent bilinguals:: Brain potential and functional imaging evidence

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JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2005年第3期17卷 422-433页

作者： Rodriguez-Fornells, A van der Lugt, A Rotte, M Britti, B Heinze, HJ Münte, TF Otto Von Guericke Univ Dept Neuropsychol D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Univ Barcelona E-08007 Barcelona Spain Inst Catalana Rec & Estudis Avancats Barcelona Spain

Bilingual individuals need effective mechanisms to prevent interference between their languages. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we present evidence for interference of phonological information from the nontarget language in German-Spanish bilinguals. A tacit picture-naming task was used in which bilinguals and monolinguals bad to make speeded responses based on the first letter of the picture's name in the target language. In one condition, subjects were required to respond when the name began with a vowel and to withhold a response if it started with a consonant. Stimuli had been selected such that in half of the trials, the names in both languages necessitated the same response, whereas in the other half, responses were different for the two languages. For the bilinguals, the language in which the stimuli had to be named was changed after each block. Bilinguals showed phonological interference compared with monolingual performance, which was evident in their performance, ERPs, and fMRI patterns. Nonlanguage-specific brain areas such as the left middle prefrontal cortex were found to be crucial for the control of interference.

关键词： Word Cerebrum fMRI Stimuli object oriented programming languages Language second language

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Bilingualism affects picture naming but not picture classification

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MEMORY & COGNITION 2005年第7期33卷 1220-1234页

作者： Gollan, TH Montoya, RI Fennema-Notestine, C Morris, SK Univ Calif San Diego Dept Psychiat La Jolla CA 92093 USA Vet Med Res Fdn San Diego CA USA Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst San Diego CA USA

Bilinguals named pictures in their dominant language more slowly (and with more errors) than did monolinguals. In contrast, bilinguals named the same pictures as quickly as did monolinguals on the fifth presentation (in Experiment 2) and classified them (as human made or natural) as quickly and accurately as did monolinguals (in Experiment 1). In addition, bilinguals retrieved English picture names more quickly if they knew the name in both Spanish and English (on the basis of a translation test that bilinguals completed after the timed tasks), and monolingual response times for the same materials suggested that this finding was not obtained simply because names that were easier to translate were easier in general. These findings suggest that bilinguals differ from monolinguals at a postconceptual processing level, that implicit activation of lexical representations in the nontarget language can facilitate retrieval in the target language, and that being bilingual is analogous to having a lexicon full of lower frequency words, relative to monolinguals.

关键词： SPANISH-ENGLISH BILINGUALS SPOKEN WORD PRODUCTION LEXICAL ACCESS SPEECH PRODUCTION LANGUAGE MEMORY TIP RECOGNITION TRANSLATION REPRESENTATIONS terminal interface processor Bilingualism timed tasks picture Memory NAMING Language English representations Multilingualism English language object oriented programming languages METTL8 gene

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