In this study, the spacer-thickness-dependent room-temperature magnetoresistance (RTMR) is investigated in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) superlattices composed of 10 repetitions of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Nd0.6Ca0.4...
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In this study, the spacer-thickness-dependent room-temperature magnetoresistance (RTMR) is investigated in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) superlattices composed of 10 repetitions of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Nd0.6Ca0.4MnO3 [LSMO/NCMO](10). A series of superlattice samples with the thickness of the LSMO layer being fixed at 5 nm while that of the NCMO layer varied from 0 to 5 nm were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition. RTMR is measured at the fields from zero to 10 kOe with two different configurations, in plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP). At 10 kOe, RTMR varies with increasing spacer thickness of NCMO at both IP and OOP configurations. A maximum IP MR ratio of 16% at 10 kOe is found in the sample of [LSMO(5 nm)/NCMO(0.45 nm)](10), which is three times that for the pure LSMO film. Therefore, it is concluded that the inserting of the NCMO layer between LSMO layers can effectively tune the RTMR ratio, which might be related to the magnetic coupling between FM and AFM domains.
programming paradigms help us understand the differences and similarities between fundamental choices in language design. This paper looks at R in the context of three paradigms of object oriented programming: mutable...
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programming paradigms help us understand the differences and similarities between fundamental choices in language design. This paper looks at R in the context of three paradigms of object oriented programming: mutable versus immutable objects, generic-function versus message-passing methods, and class-based versus prototype-based inheritance. The paper also describes a new OO package for R, mutatr, which provides mutable objects with message-passing methods and prototype-based inheritance. The mutatr package is available on CRAN.
The combination of Computational Intelligence (CI) techniques with Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) offers a great deal of opportunities for practitioners and Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers alike. CI techniques pro...
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The combination of Computational Intelligence (CI) techniques with Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) offers a great deal of opportunities for practitioners and Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers alike. CI techniques provide the means to search massive spaces quickly;find possible, better or optimum solutions in these spaces;construct algorithms, functions and strategies to control an autonomous entity;find patterns and relationships within data, information, knowledge or experience;assess risk and identify strategies for risk treatment;and connect the dots to synthesize an overall situational awareness picture that decision makers can utilize. MAS provide the structured, modular, distributed and efficient software environment to simulate systems;the architecture to represent systems and entities naturally;the environment to allow entities to observe, communicate with, negotiate with, orient with respect to, and act upon other entities;the modular representation that allows entities to store and manipulate observations, forming beliefs, desires, goals, plans, and intentions;and the framework to model behavior. By bringing CI and MAS together, we have a powerful computational environment that has the theoretical potential to do many things that one can expect when attempting to structure, understand, and solve a problem. In this article, we follow two objectives. First, we will present Computational Red Teaming (CRT) as the state-of-the-art architecture representing the integration of CI techniques and MAS for understanding competition. Second, we will demonstrate how this integration of MAS and CI benefits practitioners in almost all major application domains by drawing examples from defense, business and engineering. We will present the evolution of CRT by categorizing the different levels of integrating CI and MAS, and highlighting open research questions pertaining to CRT.
This position paper briefly covers the design of object-orientedprogramming in SPARK, and goes on to discuss the potential impact that the emerging DO-178C and Ada2012 standards might have on SPARK.
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642213380
This position paper briefly covers the design of object-orientedprogramming in SPARK, and goes on to discuss the potential impact that the emerging DO-178C and Ada2012 standards might have on SPARK.
The Data Acquisition Backbone Core (DABC) is a new GSI software framework to run a data acquisition with distributed event building on high performance Linux clusters. Experiment specific front-end electronics is to b...
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The Data Acquisition Backbone Core (DABC) is a new GSI software framework to run a data acquisition with distributed event building on high performance Linux clusters. Experiment specific front-end electronics is to be integrated to the software by means of hardware interface plug-ins like Device and Transport classes. DABC offers elaborate mechanisms for multiprocessing, buffer management, and dataflow throttling. These are transparently available for all implemented plug-ins. Device plug-ins can link a DABC node to remote readout hardware via network connections like Ethernet. Other Device plug-ins can communicate on the Linux device driver level with custom boards directly inserted at the node. Besides delivering the data input, a DABC Device can also provide control access to the connected hardware. This functionality can be used for setting up, or monitoring the front-ends from the application via DABC parameters and commands. An implementation example is a multipurpose PCI Express Optical Receiver (PEXOR) board developed at GSI. This board features an FPGA and 4 optical links and may be used for various front-ends, depending on the FPGA programming. A kernel driver and the DABC Device plug-in for this board have been developed and tested. They are described here with some performance benchmark results. As another example, DABC is applied for data taking during test beam times of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment from 2008 to 2010. Here the front-end readout controller boards (ROC) were integrated to the DABC hardware interface, both for a UDP based Ethernet protocol, and for optical connections to a custom PCIe board.
Industrial automation plants are controlled essentially by PLC-based control systems. PLCs are today mostly programmed in the languages of the IEC 61131-3 standard which are not ready to meet the new challenges of wid...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457704345
Industrial automation plants are controlled essentially by PLC-based control systems. PLCs are today mostly programmed in the languages of the IEC 61131-3 standard which are not ready to meet the new challenges of widely distributed automation systems. Currently, different solutions are under development from industry and research: an extension of IEC 61131-3 which includes object oriented programming;the adoption of the new standard IEC 61499 which makes the software execution event-based instead of scan-cycle based as in IEC 61131-3 standard. In this paper it is shown how object oriented programming implicitly makes event-based the PLC software behavior. Moreover, it is shown how supervisory control can help in designing correct software in this context.
We develop a fully abstract trace-based semantics for sets of classes in object-oriented languages, in particular for Java-like sealed packages. Our approach enhances a standard operational semantics such that the cha...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642250316
We develop a fully abstract trace-based semantics for sets of classes in object-oriented languages, in particular for Java-like sealed packages. Our approach enhances a standard operational semantics such that the change of control between the package and the client context is made explicit in terms of interaction labels. By using traces over these labels, we abstract from the data representation in the heap, support class hiding, and provide fully abstract package denotations. The soundness and completeness of our approach is proven using innovative simulation techniques.
Following the research direction of strongly typed, generic, objectoriented computer algebra software, we examine the modeling of algebraic structures as typed objects in this paper. We discuss the design and impleme...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642235672;9783642235689
Following the research direction of strongly typed, generic, objectoriented computer algebra software, we examine the modeling of algebraic structures as typed objects in this paper. We discuss the design and implementation of algebraic and transcendental extension fields together with the modeling of real algebraic and complex algebraic extension fields. We will show that the modeling of the relation between algebraic and real algebraic extension fields using the delegation design concept has advantages over the modeling as sub-types using sub-class implementation. We further present a summary of design problems, which we have encountered so far with our implementation in Java and present possible solutions in Scala.
The use of crop models as part of scientific research models or economic farm tools leads to a wide range of applications. On the one hand they need to be simple;on the other hand they should be complex enough to simu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780987214317
The use of crop models as part of scientific research models or economic farm tools leads to a wide range of applications. On the one hand they need to be simple;on the other hand they should be complex enough to simulate a variety of growth mechanisms. The development of entirely new models for different questions requires a lot of coding and work such as changes in the model structure, the inclusion of alternative process descriptions or the implementation of additional functionality. Often, added model components do not really fit to the model philosophy of the originally developed base model. We therefore developed a flexible (modular, generic and mixed procedural objectoriented) and integrative (replaceable, expandable, independent and interactive) software tool for the setup of adapted crop models. The Plant growth Modeling Framework (PMF) is based on the Unified Modeling Language and implemented in Python, a high level object-orientedprogramming language. PMF provides the code flexibility to rapidly exchange and compare different process mechanisms. An interface facilitates a straightforward coupling with other models. Two virtual case studies are presented to show the general functionality of PMF. In the first application PMF is coupled with a simple but widely used water balance model presented in the Food and Agricultural Organization FAO56 crop water guidelines. In contrast, the second case study focuses on the coupling of PMF with a complex Richard's equation based water balance model type created using the recently developed Catchment Modeling Framework (CMF). CMF follows the same philosophy as PMF, being flexible and integrative at the same time. In both case studies we show the tight connection between the water balance models and PMF and highlight the framework's ability to function as a model integrator while still being independent from the coupled models. This independency allows, for example, a further development of the different models (here
In computer science dealing with non denoting terms is a common occurrence. In the programming language Eiffel, if a term does not denote an object, it is an alias of Void. In introducing Void into his programming lan...
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In computer science dealing with non denoting terms is a common occurrence. In the programming language Eiffel, if a term does not denote an object, it is an alias of Void. In introducing Void into his programming language, Algor W, Hoare considers it his billion dollar mistake. To mitigate the errors in using Void, the programming language Eiffel has introduced a Void-Safety mechanism. This mechanism makes explicit the presupposition of the existence of terms. In the following article the logic of assertions in Eiffel is considered not a standard logic due to the use of Void, but a Free Logic. This has implications for the correctness of programs.
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