For many years robotics has been benefited from the open source community. Software community projects like Player, Stage, Gazebo, ROS, or OpenCV are present in most robotic applications. In recent years this trend ha...
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For many years robotics has been benefited from the open source community. Software community projects like Player, Stage, Gazebo, ROS, or OpenCV are present in most robotic applications. In recent years this trend has also been initiated among electronic and mechanical developments (open hardware). The Arduino development platform is a good example of a successful hardware project with a great community of developers and users around it. The apparition of personal 3D printers is bringing the open source philosophy to the fabrication of physical things as well. This new technology is in need of new designing tools to take advantage of it. In this paper we are presenting the C++ objectoriented Mechanics Library (OOML), a tool to design mechanical components, taking into account the needs and requirements of these emerging technologies. These designs can be easily shared, reused, and modified. The OOML brings together the advantages of (1) modelling things through code, (2) the object oriented programming paradigm, and (3) the power of C++. In the OOML, mechanical parts are described as geometrical combinations of basic primitives. Once a part is defined, fabrication files can be generated in order to print, or mechanize it. Models could also be used for simulation, visualization, structural analysis, etc.
This section collects a selection of extended articles from the 14th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) - 2011. CBSE emerged in the late 1990s as a novel development paradigm promotin...
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This section collects a selection of extended articles from the 14th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) - 2011. CBSE emerged in the late 1990s as a novel development paradigm promoting the rapid and cost-effective assembly of pre-existing software components into complex systems, which is a longstanding dream of software engineers. No surprise thus that CBSE founding principles have continued since to attract great attention and interest from both academy and industry. The CBSE Symposium, encompassing research in component specification, composition, analysis, testing and verification, has solidly established itself in the years as the flagship research event for the component community.
On way to formalize system requirements is to express them using the object-oriented paradigm. In this case, the class model representing the structure of requirements is called a requirements metamodel, and requireme...
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On way to formalize system requirements is to express them using the object-oriented paradigm. In this case, the class model representing the structure of requirements is called a requirements metamodel, and requirements themselves are object-based models of natural language requirements. In this paper, we show that such object-oriented requirements are well suited to support a large class of requirements metrics. We define a requirements metamodel and use an automated measurement approach proposed in our previous work to specify requirements metrics. We show that it is possible to integrate 78 metrics from 11 different papers in the proposed framework. The software that computes the requirements metric values is fully generated from the specification of metrics.
After reviewing the background and motivations for using modern computational methods for the design of reinforced concrete structures, an algorithm making use of the object oriented programming language Python and pr...
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After reviewing the background and motivations for using modern computational methods for the design of reinforced concrete structures, an algorithm making use of the object oriented programming language Python and professionally developed finite element software is presented for the sizing and placement of the reinforcement in RC structures. The developed method is then used to design the reinforcement of a deep beam. To validate the design, two identical deep beam specimens were manufactured with the obtained steel, and then tested in the laboratory. It was found that the experimental results corroborated those predicted with the finite element design method.
As traceability is a factor in software maintainability, various methods have been reported to preserve it. However, perception of traceability tends to be subjective because there is no indicator which represents the...
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As traceability is a factor in software maintainability, various methods have been reported to preserve it. However, perception of traceability tends to be subjective because there is no indicator which represents the degree of it. We propose an approach to measure traceability between a design model described in UML and source code written in object-oriented language. In detail, our approach maps a design to its implementation with the semi-automatic original algorithm and measures traceability with the Goal-Question-Metric approach. We apply the approach to pairs of a design model and source code and find that the degree of traceability can be presumed with a little work even by a third person.
An object-oriented design pattern provides a way for programmers to design an effective and reliable software system. However, without proper documentation, the knowledge of implemented design patterns will be buried ...
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objective: To analyse the annual out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure on health care as directly reported by Australian households grouped into older households (those with a reference person aged >= 65 years) and young...
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objective: To analyse the annual out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure on health care as directly reported by Australian households grouped into older households (those with a reference person aged >= 65 years) and younger households (those with a reference person aged <65 years). Design: Descriptive analysis of statutory data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Setting and participants: Probability sample of 9774 households across all states and territories. Main outcome measures: OOP expenditure on health care. Results: The mean annual OOP expenditure on health care among the older households was estimated as $3585 +/- $686 (9.4% of the total expenditure on all goods and services), and among the younger households, it was $3377 +/- $83 (4.7% of the total expenditure on all goods and services). Cost of medicines (mainly non-prescription drugs and to a lesser extent the copayments for Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme scripts) was the biggest item of expenditure for the older households, and the cost of private health insurance (PHI) was the most expensive item for the younger households. Overall, the OOP expenditure, as reported by the Australian households, was $28.7 +/- $1.3 billion compared with $21.2 billion as reported by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Unlike our estimate, the Institute's figure was based on statutory data collections and did not include the cost of PHI premiums. Conclusions: OOP expenses account for almost a quarter (22%) of the total health care costs in Australia. The mean annual OOP expenditure was slightly higher for the older households compared with the younger households, despite the fact that the older households had significantly lower income and had greater access to health care cards, which were used to defray additional health care costs associated with age.
One of the main reasons aliasing has to be controlled, as highlighted in another chapter [1] of this book [2], is the possibility that a variable can unexpectedly change its value without the referrer's knowledge....
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A properly encapsulated data representation can be revised for refactoring or other purposes without affecting the correctness of client programs and extensions of a class. But encapsulation is difficult to achieve in...
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