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An interpretation of typed objects into typed π-calculus

INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION 1998年第1期143卷 34-73页

作者： Sangiorgi, D INRIA Sophia Antipolis F-06902 Sophia Antipolis France

An interpretation of Abadi and Cardelli's first-order function object calculus into a typed pi-calculus is presented, The interpretation validates the subtyping relation and the typing judgements of the object calculus and is computationally adequate. This is the first interpretation of a typed object-oriented language into a process calculus. The study intends to offer a contribution to understanding on the one hand, the relationship between pi-calculus types and conventional types of programming languages and on the other hand, the usefulness of the pi-calculus as a metalanguage for the semantics of typed object-oriented languages. The type language for the pi-calculus has Pierce and Sangiorgi's I/O annotations, to separate the capabilities of reading and writing on a channel and variant types. Technical contributions of the paper are the presentation of variant types for the pi-calculus and their typing and subtyping properties, and an analysis of behavioural equivalences in a pi-calculus with variant types. (C) 1998 Academic Press.

关键词： object oriented programming languages pi calculus Meta languages interpretation

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PROGRAM TRANSLATION VIA ABSTRACTION AND REIMPLEMENTATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1988年第8期14卷 1207-1228页

作者： WATERS, RC Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139

An abstraction-and-reimplementation paradigm is presented in which the source program is first analyzed in order to obtain a programming-language-independent abstract understanding of the computation performed by the program as a whole. The program is then reimplemented in the target language based on this understanding. The key to this approach is the abstract understanding obtained. It allows the translator to benefit from an appreciation of the global features of the source program without being distracted by what are considered irrelevant details. Knowledge-based translation via abstraction and reimplementation is described as one of the goals of the Programmer's Apprentice project. A translator which translates Cobol programs into Hibol (a very-high-level business data processing language) has been constructed. A computer which generates extremely efficient PDP-11 object code for Pascal programs has been designed.

关键词： Source code object code translator object oriented programming languages COBOL business data processing Language apprentice Abstraction

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Scala for generic programmers Comparing Haskell and Scala support for generic programming

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JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL programming 2010年第3-4期20卷 303-352页

作者： Oliveira, Bruno C. D. S. Gibbons, Jeremy Seoul Natl Univ ROSAEC Ctr Seoul 151744 South Korea Univ Oxford Comp Lab Oxford OX1 3QD England

Datatype-generic programming (DGP) involves parametrization of programs by the shape of data, in the form of type constructors such as 'list of'. Most approaches to DGP are developed in pure functional programming languages such as Haskell. We argue that the functional object-oriented language Scala is in many ways a better choice. Not only does Scala provide equivalents of all the necessary functional programming features (such as parametric polymorphism, higher-order functions, higher-kinded type operations, and type- and constructor-classes), but it also provides the most useful features of object-oriented languages (such as subtyping, overriding, traditional single inheritance, and multiple inheritance in the form of traits). Common Haskell techniques for DGP can be conveniently replicated in Scala, whereas the extra expressivity provides some important additional benefits in terms of extensibility and reuse. We illustrate this by comparing two simple approaches in Haskell, pointing out their limitations and showing how equivalent approaches in Scala address some of these limitations. Finally, we present three case studies on how to implement in Scala real DGP approaches from the literature: Hinze's 'Generics for the Masses', Lammel and Peyton Jones's 'Scrap your Boilerplate with Class', and Gibbons's 'Origami programming'.

关键词： object oriented programming languages reuse programming Equivalent extensibility parameterization Inheritance Functional programming

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Spatiotemporal data model and query language for tracking land use change

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TRANSPORTATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT 2005 2005年第1902期 107-113页

作者： Huang, B Claramunt, C Univ Calgary Dept Geomat Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Naval Acad Res Inst F-29240 Brest France

Management of spatiotemporal information requires a more generic and consolidated data model to facilitate applications such as tracking land use parcel changes. This paper presents such a spatiotemporal data model in the context of object databases by extending the object Data Management Group (ODMG) standard and examines its feasibility in a land use application. This model extends the ODMG object model with a parameterized type, TimeSeries < T >, which allows the shifting of spatial types into spatiotemporal types to support the representation of a series of states (i.e., the history) of an object. An object query language (OQL), spatiotemporal OQL (STOQL), which adds spatial and temporal dimensions to ODMG's OQL, is also designed. A case study demonstrates that STOQL supports the formulation of various spatiotemporal queries pertaining to historical states of spatial objects as well as spatial changes, including spatial type substitution. The model and query language have been implemented by using an object-oriented language in a geographic information system environment.

关键词： object oriented programming languages data models space targets data base language Land use change

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Hidden truth behind .NET's exception handling today

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IET SOFTWARE 2007年第6期1卷 233-250页

作者： Cabral, B. Sacramento, P. Marques, P. Univ Coimbra CISUC Dept Informat Engn Polo 2 P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal

The emergence of exception handling (EH) mechanisms in modern programming languages made available a different way of communicating errors between procedures. For years, programmers trusted in correct documentation of error codes returned by procedures to correctly handle erroneous situations. Now, they have to focus on the documentation of exceptions for the same effect. But to what extent can exception documentation be trusted? Moreover, is there enough documentation for exceptions? And in what way do these questions relate to the discussion on checked against unchecked exceptions? For a given set of Microsoft .NET applications, code and documentation were thoroughly parsed and compared. This showed that exception documentation tends to be scarce. In particular, it showed that 90% of exceptions are undocumented. Furthermore, programmers were demonstrated to be keener to document exceptions they explicitly throw while typically leaving exceptions resulting from method calls undocumented. This conclusion lead to another question: how do programmers use the EH mechanisms available in modem programming languages? More than 16 different .NET applications were examined in order to provide an answer. The major conclusion of this work is that exceptions are not being correctly used as an error-handling mechanism. These results contribute to the assessment of the effectiveness of the unchecked exceptions approach.

关键词： exception documentation object oriented programming languages system documentation exception handling Microsoft .NET exception handling Distributed systems software object-oriented programming network operating systems object-oriented programming object-oriented languages

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Aspect-oriented metamodelling

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COMPUTER JOURNAL 2003年第5期46卷 566-577页

作者： Clark, T Evans, A Kent, S Kings Coll London Dept Comp Sci Strand London WC2R 2LS England Univ York Dept Comp Sci York YO10 5DD N Yorkshire England Univ Kent Comp Lab Canterbury CT2 4NF New Zealand

This paper shows how techniques devised for aspect-oriented modelling (AOM) can be used for aspect-oriented metamodelling. Metamodelling is an approach to language definition, which has been adopted by industry for defining modelling languages, in particular the Unified Modelling Language (UML), and involves the construction of an object-oriented model of the abstract syntax and, optionally, the concrete notation and semantics of the target language. As the importance of models in software development grows, so does the importance of metamodels, not least to provide the basis of implementations of modelling tools. Specifically, there is a need for complete and accurate metamodels, which have a uniform architecture and which can be organized appropriately to support the definition of families of languages. The approach described in this paper uses AOM techniques to address this need. It is illustrated by extracts from the 2U submission to the UML 2.0 RFPs issued by the object Management Group in 2001. The paper concludes with a discussion on the customization and generation of tools from such definitions.

关键词： computer software Metamodels Semantics Software design language definition object oriented modeling object oriented programming languages modelling languages Traffic Management Group UML

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Natural XML for data binding, processing, and persistence

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COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2004年第2期6卷 86-92页

作者： Thiruvathukal, GK Läufer, K Loyola Univ Chicago IL 60611 USA

The last issue''s installment of this department presented an overview of xmland its potential for computational science. In this issue, we''ll explore what you need to do toincorporate XML directly into your application. Our exploration involves the use of a standardparser to automatically build object trees entirely from application-specific classes. Thisdiscussion very much focuses on object-oriented programming languages such as Java and Python, butit can work for non-object-oriented languages as well. The ideas in this article provide a glimpseinto our Natural XML research project. All the code examples in this article appear in full athttp://***/projects/cise/ code/march_april_2004.

关键词： Exploration object oriented programming languages extensible markup language research project Java programming language Python Parser Scientific computing Language Pythonidae Java

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MODELING AND EVALUATING THE FEASIBILITY OF TIMING CONSTRAINTS UNDER DIFFERENT REAL-TIME SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS

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REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 1992年第4期4卷 287-306页

作者： BERRYMAN, S SOMMERVILLE, I 1. Computing Department Lancaster University LA1 4YR Lancaster UK

The objective of the work described here is to provide a software tool to assist real-time system specifiers and designers to predict, at an early stage of the development process, the timing behavior of the system being developed. The timing behavior of the system is dependent on the scheduler which is the central component of any real-time system. Our tool (Simulation of Real-Time systems (SRT)) is used to model the timing aspects of a real-time system and to simulate the system with a particular scheduling policy so as to predict its behavior. This paper will present an overview of the capabilities of the system which is implemented using an object-oriented programming language (Smalltalk-80).

关键词： Software Tools Time constraints time characteristic time system Scheduling algorithms real-time systems PROCESS DEVELOPMENT object oriented programming languages scheduler program timing sequence Modeling

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The clear speech effect for non-native listeners

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JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2002年第1期112卷 272-284页

作者： Bradlow, AR Bent, T Northwestern Univ Dept Linguist Evanston IL 60208 USA

Previous work has established that naturally produced clear speech is more intelligible than conversational speech for adult hearing-impaired listeners and normal-hearing listeners under degraded listening conditions. The major goal of the present study was to investigate the extent to which naturally produced clear speech is an effective intelligibility enhancement strategy for non-native listeners. Thirty-two non-native and 32 native listeners were presented with naturally produced English sentences. Factors that varied were speaking style (conversational versus clear), signal-to-noise ratio(-4 versus -8 dB) and talker (one male versus one female), Results showed that while native listeners derived a substantial benefit from naturally produced clear speech (an improvement of about 16 rau units on a keyword-correct count), non-native listeners exhibited only a small clear speech effect (an improvement of only 5 rau units). This relatively small clear speech effect for non-native listeners is interpreted as a consequence of the fact that clear speech is essentially native-listener oriented, and therefore is only beneficial to listeners with extensive experience with the sound structure of the target language. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America.

关键词： Listeners object oriented programming languages Speech

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A PRACTICAL COMPARISON OF 2 object-oriented languages

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IEEE SOFTWARE 1989年第5期6卷 61-68页

作者： WOLF, W Electr. Eng. Dep. Princeton Univ. Princeton NJ 08540 USA

The author compares two very different object-oriented programming languages, Flavors and C++, with respect to their merits and how design decisions in each language influence various aspects of programming. The fundamental difference between the two languages is that C++ is strongly typed while Flavors is weakly typed. The comparison follows the completion of two very similar programming projects, one using Flavors and the other C++, allowing direct comparison of software implementation methods in these languages. The projects involved the design of two systems for describing and generating electronic hardware. Differences in implementing all three object-oriented language mechanisms-data abstraction, inheritance, and runtime method determination-are discussed. Typing, memory management, syntax aids and the programming environment are examined. It is concluded that the choice of a language can have a profound influence on program design.

关键词： strong typing object oriented programming languages programming Language programming environments Program Design

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