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On the observational theory of the CPS-calculus

ACTA INFORMATICA 2010年第2期47卷 111-132页

作者： Merro, Massimo Univ Verona Dipartimento Informat I-37134 Verona Italy

We apply powerful proof-techniques of concurrency theory to study the observational theory of Thielecke's CPS-calculus, a distillation of the target language of Continuation-Passing Style transforms. We define a labelled transition system from which we derive a (weak) labelled bisimilarity that completely characterises Morris' context-equivalence. We prove a context lemma showing that Morris' context-equivalence coincides with a simpler context-equivalence closed under a smaller class of contexts. Then we profit of the determinism of the CPS-calculus to give a simpler labelled characterisation of Morris' equivalence, in the style of Abramsky's applicative bisimilarity. We enhance our bisimulation proof-methods with up to bisimilarity and up to context proof techniques. We use our bisimulation proof techniques to investigate a few algebraic properties on diverging terms that cannot be proved using the original axiomatic semantics of the CPS-calculus.

关键词： Determinism concurrency theory object oriented programming languages Proof Fate axiomatics

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Scala and Lift - Functional Recipes for the Web

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IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING 2009年第3期13卷 88-92页

作者： Ghosh, Debasish Vinoski, Steve Anshinsoft Verivue

Today, there's significant interest in functional languages and frameworks that fit the Web better than imperative languages. We explore Scala, an OO-functional language on the Java virtual machine, and Lift, a framework implemented on Scala's functional features. The Scala language offers functional programming features and asynchronous message-passing concurrency alongside a statically typed model. Lift exploits this model to offer secure, higher-level abstractions to Web developers.

关键词： Internet Java concurrency control functional languages functional programming message passing object-oriented languages object-oriented programming virtual machines Java virtual machine Lift Scala World Wide Web asynchronous message-passing concurrency higher-level abstractions object-oriented-functional language actor closure functional Web functional language pattern match Pattern matching object oriented programming Functional programming World Wide Web Internets Concurrency control level of abstraction object oriented programming languages Java Virtual Machine (JVM) actor lift message passing

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So many languages, so little time

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2008年第1期25卷 4-6页

作者： Erdogmus, Hakan Natl Res Council Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada

What\'\'s up and coming in the programming language arena? A rudimentary analysis of the 200+ sessions\'\' titles and abstracts at OOPSLA 07 (22nd Int\'\'l Conf. object-oriented programming, Systems, languages, and Applications) provides a rough idea of what\'\'s happening with object-oriented, functional, dynamic, and domain-specific languages.

关键词： and domain-specific language dynamic language functional language object-oriented language Computer programming languages object oriented programming languages Language Functional programming

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Topic-Based Dissimilarity and Sensitivity Models for Translation Rule Selection

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JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH 2014年第1期50卷 1-30页

作者： Zhang, Min Xiao, Xinyan Xiong, Deyi Liu, Qun Soochow Univ Prov Key Lab Comp Informat Proc Technol Suzhou Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol IIP Key Lab Beijing 100864 Peoples R China Dublin City Univ Sch Comp CNGL Dublin 9 Ireland

Translation rule selection is a task of selecting appropriate translation rules for an ambiguous source-language segment. As translation ambiguities are pervasive in statistical machine translation, we introduce two topic-based models for translation rule selection which incorporates global topic information into translation disambiguation. We associate each synchronous translation rule with source- and target-side topic distributions. With these topic distributions, we propose a topic dissimilarity model to select desirable (less dissimilar) rules by imposing penalties for rules with a large value of dissimilarity of their topic distributions to those of given documents. In order to encourage the use of non-topic specific translation rules, we also present a topic sensitivity model to balance translation rule selection between generic rules and topic-specific rules. Furthermore, we project target-side topic distributions onto the source- side topic model space so that we can benefit from topic information of both the source and target language. We integrate the proposed topic dissimilarity and sensitivity model into hierarchical phrase-based machine translation for synchronous translation rule selection. Experiments show that our topic-based translation rule selection model can substantially improve translation quality.

关键词： Rule machine translation object oriented programming languages reduced mass

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objectS IN THE PI-CALCULUS

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INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION 1995年第2期116卷 253-271页

作者： WALKER, D Univ Warwick Dept Comp Sci Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England

Two semantics for a parallel object-oriented programming language are presented. One is a two-level transitional semantics in which the global behaviour of a system is derived directly from the possible actions of its constituent objects. The other is by translation into the pi-calculus. A close correspondence between the semantics is established. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Mobile processes oriented language semiotics Semantics object oriented programming languages system parameter pi calculus optical coherence tomography angiography device

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Aliasing models for mobile objects

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INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION 2002年第1期175卷 3-33页

作者： Nestmann, U Hüttel, H Kleist, J Merro, M Univ Aalborg Ctr Danish Natl Res Fdn Aalborg Denmark INRIA Sophia Antipolis France

In Obliq, a lexically scoped, distributed, object-oriented programming language, object migration was suggested as the creation of a copy of the state of an object at the target site, followed by turning the object itself into an alias, also called surrogate, for the remote copy. We consider the creation of object surrogates as an abstraction of the above-mentioned style of migration. We introduce Ojeblik, a typed distribution-free subset of Obliq, and provide four different configuration-style semantics, which only differ in the respective aliasing model. We show that two of the semantics, one of which matches Obliq's implementation, render migration unsafe, while our new proposal allows for safe migration at least for a large class of program contexts. In addition, we propose a type system that allows a programmer to statically guarantee that programs belong to that class. Our work suggests a straightforward repair of Obliq's aliasing model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

关键词： Semantics Computer personnel object oriented programming languages Immigration Aliasing creation Abstraction semiotics

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A PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE FOR 3D GRAPHICS

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IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS 1992年第5期12卷 96-105页

作者： WANG, YU MANGASER, A SRINIVASAN, P Computer Motion Goleta CA USA

The DLX/3DCP architecture that uses a method of parallel processing on 3-D vectors to overcome the problem of the large number of floating-point operations required in 3-D graphics which limits the performance of graphics systems is described. The architecture's design offers general-purpose programmability from the high-level object-oriented language C and generates performance expected only from dedicated special-purpose hardware. Results that show the architecture's performance on graphics operations are presented and compared to the performance of other RISC processors

关键词： ARCHITECTURE Processor Architectures floating point arithmetic RISC processors Building construction point operation Three-Dimensional Images object oriented programming languages PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) Graphic System programmability graphics operation

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Language Membership Identification Precedes Semantic Access: Suppression during Bilingual Word Recognition

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JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2015年第11期27卷 2108-2116页

作者： Hoversten, Liv J. Brothers, Trevor Swaab, Tamara Y. Traxler, Matthew J. Univ Calif Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

Previous research suggests that bilingual comprehenders access lexical representations of words in both languages nonselectively. However, it is unclear whether global language suppression plays a role in guiding attention to target language representations during ongoing lexico-semantic processing. To help clarify this issue, this study examined the relative timing of language membership and meaning activation during visual word recognition. Spanish-English bilinguals performed simultaneous semantic and language membership classification tasks on single words during EEG recording. Go/no-go ERP latencies provided evidence that language membership information was accessed before semantic information. Furthermore, N400 frequency effects indicated that the depth of processing of words in the nontarget language was reduced compared to the target language. These results suggest that the bilingual brain can rapidly identify the language to which a word belongs and subsequently use this information to selectively modulate the degree of processing in each language accordingly.

关键词： Semantics word recognition object oriented programming languages working depth Language Word

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CHARACTERIZATIONS OF MONOTONIC AND DUAL MONOTONIC LANGUAGE-LEARNING

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INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION 1995年第2期120卷 155-173页

作者： ZEUGMANN, T LANGE, S KAPUR, S HSCH TECH WIRTSCHAFT & KULTURE LEIPZIG FACHBEREICH MATH & INFORMATD-04251 LEIPZIGGERMANY JAMES COOK UNIV N QUEENSLAND DEPT COMP SCITOWNSVILLEQLD 4811AUSTRALIA

The present paper deals with monotonic and dual monotonic language learning from positive as well as from positive and negative examples. The three notions of monotonicity reflect different formalizations of the requirement that the learner has to produce better and better generalizations when fed more and more data on the concept to be learned. The three versions of dual monotonicity describe the concept that the inference device has to produce specializations that fit better and better to the target language. We characterize strong-monotonic, monotonic, weak-monotonic, dual strong-monotonic, dual monotonic, and monotonic & dual monotonic, as well as finite language learning from positive data in terms of recursively generable finite sets. These characterizations provide a unifying framework for learning from positive data under the various monotonicity constraints. Moreover, they yield additional insight into the problem of what a natural learning algorithm should look like. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Inductive inference Examples Power Monotonic POSITIVE DATA object oriented programming languages Dual Learning Language Development Inference mechanisms monotonicity

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Second language interferes with word production in fluent bilinguals:: Brain potential and functional imaging evidence

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JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2005年第3期17卷 422-433页

作者： Rodriguez-Fornells, A van der Lugt, A Rotte, M Britti, B Heinze, HJ Münte, TF Otto Von Guericke Univ Dept Neuropsychol D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Univ Barcelona E-08007 Barcelona Spain Inst Catalana Rec & Estudis Avancats Barcelona Spain

Bilingual individuals need effective mechanisms to prevent interference between their languages. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we present evidence for interference of phonological information from the nontarget language in German-Spanish bilinguals. A tacit picture-naming task was used in which bilinguals and monolinguals bad to make speeded responses based on the first letter of the picture's name in the target language. In one condition, subjects were required to respond when the name began with a vowel and to withhold a response if it started with a consonant. Stimuli had been selected such that in half of the trials, the names in both languages necessitated the same response, whereas in the other half, responses were different for the two languages. For the bilinguals, the language in which the stimuli had to be named was changed after each block. Bilinguals showed phonological interference compared with monolingual performance, which was evident in their performance, ERPs, and fMRI patterns. Nonlanguage-specific brain areas such as the left middle prefrontal cortex were found to be crucial for the control of interference.

关键词： Word Cerebrum fMRI Stimuli object oriented programming languages Language second language

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