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6th International Conference on Advanced Language Processing and Web Information Technology

作者： Zhang Ke-liang Zhang Xiao-Fei Huang He-Yan Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Comp & Language Informat Engn Beijing 100089 Peoples R China Luoyang Univ Foreign Languages Luoyang 471003 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769529301

Bilingual word alignment is to find the corresponding word-level translation between the source and the target language sentences. It is widely used in the area of natural language processing, like machine translation, cross-language information retrieval, bilingual dictionary compilation. However, bilingual word alignment is a very difficult task involving many challenges such as morphology, syntax, semantics, human translation habits, and the inherent difference between English and Chinese. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed By adopting a multilayered matching and disambiguation strategy, the bilingual word-alignment task is transformed to an iterative solution of anchor word-pair. The positive experimental results of 93.5% precision, 77.3% recall, and 84.2% F-score show the algorithm's effectiveness.

关键词： information retrieval iterative solution Natural Language Processing Word object oriented programming languages English English language machine translation algorithms syntax Dictionaries as Topic

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Does Aspect-oriented programming Increase the Development Speed for Crosscutting Code? An Empirical Study 09

Does Aspect-Oriented Programming Increase the Development Sp...

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3rd International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement

作者： Hanenberg, Stefan Kleinschmager, Sebastian Josupeit-Walter, Manuel Univ Duisburg Essen D-45117 Essen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424448425

Aspect-oriented software development is an approach which addresses the construction of software artifacts that traditional software engineering constructs fail to modularize: the so-called crosscutting concerns. However, although aspect-orientation claims to permit a better modularization of crosscutting concerns, it is still not clear whether the development time for such crosscutting concerns is increased or decreased by the application of aspect-oriented techniques. This paper addresses this issue by an experiment which compares the development times of crosscutting concerns using traditional composition techniques and aspect-oriented composition techniques using the object-oriented programming language Java and the aspect-oriented programming language AspectJ. In that way, the experiment reveals opportunities and risks caused by aspect-oriented programming techniques in comparison to object-oriented ones.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming development time Modularity computer software empirical studies Software design object oriented programming languages

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Ruby Benchmark Tool using Docker

Ruby Benchmark Tool using Docker

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Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS)

作者： Ludvigh, Richard Rebok, Tomas Tunka, Vaclav Nguyen, Filip Masaryk Univ Fac Informat Bot 68a Brno 60200 Czech Republic JBoss Middleware Red Hat Czech Brno 61245 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9788360810668

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and describe a new Ruby benchmarking tool. We will describe the background of Ruby benchmarking and the advantages of the new tool. The paper documents the benchmarking process as well as methods used to obtain results and run tests. To illustrate the provided tool, results that were obtained by running a developed benchmarking tool on existing and available official ruby benchmarks are provided. These results document advantages in using various Ruby compilers or Ruby implementations.

关键词： object-oriented languages program compilers Ruby benchmark tool Ruby compilers pure object-oriented interpreted language Benchmark testing Containers Linux Magnetic resonance imaging Parallel processing Servers Virtual machining compilers virtual machines Benchmark testing object oriented programming languages Servers PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) Ruby Linux CONTAINERS BENCHMARKS Magnetic Resonance Imaging virtual machining dockers

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Cross-language Transfer Speech Recognition using Deep Learning

Cross-language Transfer Speech Recognition using Deep Learni...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA)

作者： Zhao, Yue Xu, Yan M. Sun, Mei J. Xu, Xiao N. Wang, Hui Yang, Guo S. Ji, Qiang Minzu Univ China Dept Automat Beijing 100081 Peoples R China China Ship Res & Dev Acad Beijing 100192 Peoples R China Minzu Univ China Sch Informat Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn Troy NY 12180 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928378

Cross-language transfer speech recognition aims to transform phoneme models for a source language to recognize a target language lacking labeled data and other linguistic resources. In this paper, sparse auto-encoder, a deep learning method, is introduced to derive shared speech features between source and target language using semi-supervised learning. It can extract the shared representation of phonemes between the source and target languages so that the target phones can be mapped to the appropriate phones of the source languages. The experimental results showed this method performs better on cross-language phones recognition than the method based on multilayer perceptron.

关键词： Data models Encyclopedias Feature extraction Hidden Markov models Speech Speech recognition Target recognition Encyclopedias Speech recognition Target recognition data models Hidden Markov models original language object oriented programming languages Feature extraction Speech Telephone Machine Learning Phonemes

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Building Domain Specific Dictionaries of Verb-object Relation from Source Code

Building Domain Specific Dictionaries of Verb-Object Relatio...

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15th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR)/International Workshop on System Quality and Maintainability (SQM)/International Workshop on Model-Driven Software Migration (MSDM)

作者： Hayase, Yasuhiro Kashima, Yu Manabe, Yuki Inoue, Katsuro Toyo Univ Fac Informat Sci & Arts Kawagoe Saitama Japan Osaka Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Suita Osaka 565 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543437

An identifier is an important key in mapping program elements onto domain knowledge for the purpose of program comprehension. Therefore, if identifiers in a program have inappropriate names, developers can waste a lot of time trying to understand the program. This paper proposes a method for extracting and gathering verb-object (V-O) relations, as good examples of naming, from source code written in an object-oriented programming language. For each of several application domains, dictionaries containing the V-O relations are built and evaluated by software developers. The evaluation results confirm that the relations in the dictionaries are adequate in many cases.

关键词： naming convention program comprehension programmer's lexicon Reverse engineering Dictionaries as Topic Source code object oriented programming languages domain knowledge DEVELOPERS Developers

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Generic Rules for Logic Representation Transformations

Generic Rules for Logic Representation Transformations

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IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR)

作者： Chirila, Ciprian-Bogdan Jebelean, Calin Kniesel, Guenter Lahire, Philippe Univ Politehn Timisoara Automat & Comp Sci Fac Timisoara Romania Univ Bonn Comp Sci Dept 3 Bonn Germany Univ Nice Fac Sci Comp Sci Dept Nice France

ISBN: (纸本)9781424467259

Programs expressed using logic representations can be more easily analysed and transformed. Transformations will depend on the target language semantics. A field encapsulation refactorization will be different for a Java program and an Eiffel program. Logic based representations of programs and its metamodel allows writing generic rules capable of performing some language independent transformations like: syntactical and semantical checking, searching specific nodes, cloning node structures, replacing references, generating fact visualizations. An example is given in this sense related to the implementation of feature body exheritance mechanism of reverse inheritance class relationship in the context of Eiffel language.

关键词： Formal logic Metamodels object oriented programming languages Line of nodes Language

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JACIE - An authoring language for rapid prototyping net-centric, multimedia and collaborative applications

JACIE - An authoring language for rapid prototyping net-cent...

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International Symposium on Multimedia Software Engineering

作者： Haji-Ismail, AS Chen, M Grant, PW Kiddell, M Univ Coll Swansea Dept Comp Sci Swansea SA2 8PP W Glam Wales

ISBN: (纸本)0769509339

With continuous acceptance of World Wide Web (WWW) as a de facto standard for human-computer interaction and human-human communication, it is desirable to develop net-centric, multimedia and collaborative applications. We present a new scripting language, JACIE, designed to support rapid prototyping and implementation of such applications. The necessity to support the management of multimedia interaction and communication in collaborative applications is highlighted. JACIE facilitates such support through the concepts of channels and a collection of interaction protocols. JACIE also features a template-based programming style, a single program for both client and server, and platform-independence by using Java as the target language. All these features characterise a desirable multimedia software engineering tool.

关键词： MULTI-MEDIA SYSTEM rapid prototyping Personal Communication object oriented programming languages computer human interaction Communication Research Servers

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A syntactical approach to modality

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Journal of Philosophical Logic 1992年第1期21卷 1-31页

作者： Schweizer, Paul Centre for Cognitive Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9LW 2 Buccleuch Place United Kingdom

The systems TN and TM show that necessity can be consistently construed as a predicate of syntactical objects, if the expressive/deductive power of the system is deliberately engineered to reflect the power of the ori... 详细信息

The systems T_N and T_M show that necessity can be consistently construed as a predicate of syntactical objects, if the expressive/deductive power of the system is deliberately engineered to reflect the power of the original object language operator. The system T_N relies on salient limitations on the expressive power of the language L_N through the construction of a quotational hierarchy, while the system T_Mrelies on limiting the scope of the modal axioms schemas to the sublanguage L_infM⁺, which corresponds exactly with the restrictive hierarchy of L_N. The fact that L_infM⁺ is identical to the image of the metalinguistic mapping C⁺ from the normal operator system into L_M reveals that iterated operator modality is implicitly hierarchical, and that inconsistency is produced by applying the principles of the modal logic to formulas which have no natural analogues in the operator development. Thus the contradiction discovered by Montague can be diagnosed as the result of instantiating the axiom schemas with modally ungrounded formulas, and thereby adding radically new modal axioms to the predicate system. The predicate treatment of necessity differs significantly from that of the operator in that the cumulative models for the predicate system are strictly first-order. Possible worlds are not used as model-theoretic primitives, but rather alternate models are appealed to in order to specify the extension of N, which is semantically construed as a first-order predicate. In this manner, the intensional aspects of modality are built into the mode of specifying the particular set of objects which the denotation function assigns to N, rather than in the specification of the basic truth conditions for modal formulas. Intensional phenomena are thereby localised to the special requirements for determining the extension of a particular predicate, and thi

关键词： Predicate axioms formula UNSUPPORTED Geologic Natural Analogue power systems Power power Power Operators Modality Formal logic object oriented programming languages Social Hierarchy Energy sources

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Change impact analysis for object-oriented programs 01

Change impact analysis for object-oriented programs

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ACM SIGPLAN - SIGSOFT Workshop on Program Analysis for Software Tools and Engineering (PASTE 01)

作者： Ryder, BG Tip, F IBM Corp TJ Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781581134131

Small changes can have major and nonlocal effects in object-oriented languages, due to the use of subtyping and dynamic dispatch. This complicates life for maintenance programmers, who need to fix bugs or add enhancements to systems originally written by others. Change impact analysis provides feedback on the semantic impact of a set of program changes. This analysis can be used to determine the regression test drivers that are affected by a set of changes. Moreover, if a test fails, a subset of changes responsible for the failure can be identified, as well as a subset of changes that can be incorporated safely without affecting any test driver.

关键词： impact assessment Driving test Subset object oriented programming languages object oriented programming object orientation solidification Feedback regression testing

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Evaluating sense disambiguation across diverse parameter spaces

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Natural Language Engineering 2002年第4期8卷 293-310页

作者： Yarowsky, David Florian, Radu Department of Computer Science and Center for Language and Speech Processing Johns Hopkins University MD 21218 United States

This paper presents a comprehensive empirical exploration and evaluation of a diverse range of data characteristics which influence word sense disambiguation performance. It focuses on a set of six core supervised algorithms, including three variants of Bayesian classifiers, a cosine model, non-hierarchical decision lists, and an extension of the transformation-based learning model. Performance is investigated in detail with respect to the following parameters: (a) target language (English, Spanish, Swedish and Basque);(b) part of speech;(c) sense granularity;(d) inclusion and exclusion of major feature classes;(e) variable context width (further broken down by part-of-speech of keyword);(f) number of training examples;(g) baseline probability of the most likely sense;(h) sense distributional entropy;(i) number of senses per keyword;(j) divergence between training and test data;(k) degree of (artificially introduced) noise in the training data;(1) the effectiveness of an algorithm’s confidence rankings;and (m) a full keyword breakdown of the performance of each algorithm. The paper concludes with a brief analysis of similarities, differences, strengths and weaknesses of the algorithms and a hierarchical clustering of these algorithms based on agreement of sense classification behavior. Collectively, the paper constitutes the most comprehensive survey of evaluation measures and tests yet applied to sense disambiguation algorithms. And it does so over a diverse range of supervised algorithms, languages and parameter spaces in single unified experimental framework. © 2002, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： senses Decision List algorithms object oriented programming languages Speech exclusion

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