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The mu5 compiler target language and autocode

Computer Journal 1972年第2期15卷 109-112页

作者： Capon, P.C. Morris, D. Rohl, J.S. Wilson, I.R. Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

In this paper the design of the software implementation language for the MU5 machine is considered. This has two representations, the written language, MU5 Autocode, and the parametric compiler target language (CTL). ... 详细信息

关键词： temperature-humidity index writing system object oriented programming languages software implementation compilers Written Language

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Personnel Psychological Metaphor System about Time-Space Conversion in Intelligent Transportation Processes 5

Personnel Psychological Metaphor System about Time-Space Con...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Engineering, ICTE 2015

作者： Lu, Yang Chun, Guo College of Foreign Languages Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering Ministry of Education Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China

ISBN: (数字)9780784479384

ISBN: (纸本)9780784479384

With the development of transportation technology, increasing the degree of intelligent transportation, intelligent transportation affected staff travel is also growing. Fast time-space conversion to personnel changes have an important psychological impact, Especially in intelligent transportation area, the difference of languages and understanding ways between different countries makes a great deal of obstacles. Foreign language teaching is a second language teaching, its goal is to train students for the language skills of the target language and language communication ability. This paper established the architecture and application mode of saptio-temporal metaphor system in transportation engineering teaching internationalization process. © ASCE.

关键词： Intelligent transportation Time-space conversion Psychological metaphor Architecture Application mode Intelligent Transportation ARCHITECTURE Building construction object oriented programming languages new vehicle designs Traffic engineering Language Proficiency Metaphor changeover time Language

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Phoneme strings based machine transliteration

Phoneme strings based machine transliteration

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7th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, NLP-KE 2011

作者： Qin, Ying Department of Computer Science Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781612847283

Transliteration is always used to translate source names with approximate equivalence of pronunciation into target language. Current direct orthographical mapping (DOM) approach does segmentation and alignment on the basis of the single syllable. However it is hard to break down English names into constituent parts according to their corresponding single Chinese characters. This document proposes an approach of segmentation and alignment on the unit of phoneme strings in transliteration between English and Chinese. To lessen the calculation of model training on whole corpus, we split the training data into several pools stochastically and each is used to train a model. The final results of transliteration are arranged according to the decoding probability of each model, called combined model. The combined machine transliteration system between English and Chinese performs remarkably well on the shared task of NEWS2011. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Conditional Random Fields combined transliteration system machine transliteration phoneme strings English English language Cosmic strings Pronunciation SECTIONAL MACHINE TOOLS object oriented programming languages machine Alignment

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Messages must be tuned to the target language: Some implications of crosslinguistic semantic diversity for neurolinguistic research on speech production

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JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS 2019年 52卷 100861-000页

作者： Kemmerer, David Purdue Univ Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci Lyles Porter Hall715 Clin Dr W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

There are nearly 6,500 languages in the world, and they vary greatly with regard to both lexical and grammatical semantics. Hence, an early stage of utterance planning involves "thinking for speaking"-i.e., shaping the thoughts to be expressed so they fit the idiosyncratic meanings of the symbolic units that happen to be available in the target language. This paper has three main sections that cover three distinct types of crosslinguistic semantic diversity. Each type is initially elaborated with examples, and then its implications for the neurobiology of speech production are considered. Type 1: Semantic field partitions. These are exemplified by huge crosslinguistic differences in many domains of meaning, including colors, body parts, household containers, events of cutting and breaking, and topological spatial relations. When such differences are viewed from the perspective of contemporary neurocognitive theories which assume that most concrete concepts are subserved by both modal (i.e., sensory, motor, and affective) and transmodal (i.e., integrative) cortical systems, they imply that speakers must access language-specific semantic structures at multiple levels of representation in the brain. Type 2: Semantic conflation classes. Some languages have whole sets of words that systematically encode two or more components of meaning. For instance, in the roughly 53 Athabaskan languages there are no generic verbs like give, carry, or throw;instead, there are entire sets of 9-13 verbs for these kinds of actions, with each set making the same distinctions between the types of objects that are given, carried, or thrown, such as animate objects, round objects, stick-like objects, flat objects, etc. This regular conflation of [action + object] in Athabaskan verb meanings predicts that speakers frequently co-activate both action-related and object-related cortical regions in a functionally integrated fashion. Type 3: Grammatically obligatory semantic categories. This kind o

关键词： Semantics Messages object oriented programming languages Speech Speech Production Measurement Language Loudspeakers artificial speech production

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MULTILINGUAL MRASTA FEATURES FOR LOW-RESOURCE KEYWORD SEARCH AND SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS

MULTILINGUAL MRASTA FEATURES FOR LOW-RESOURCE KEYWORD SEARCH...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Zoltan Tuske David Nolden Ralf Schluter Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928941

This paper investigates the application of hierarchical MRASTA bottleneck (BN) features for under-resourced languages within the IARPA Babel project. Through multilingual training of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) BN features on five languages (Cantonese, Pashto, Tagalog, Turkish, and Vietnamese), we could end up in a single feature stream which is more beneficial to all languages than the unilingual features. In the case of balanced corpus sizes, the multilingual BN features improve the automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance by 3-5% and the keyword search (KWS) by 3-10% relative for both limited (LLP) and full language packs (FLP). Borrowing orders of magnitude more data from non-target FLPs, the recognition error rate is reduced by 8-10%, and the spoken term detection is improved by over 40% relative on Vietnamese and Pashto LLP. Aiming at the fast development of acoustic models, cross-lingual transfer of multilingually "pretrained" BN features for a new language is also investigated. Without the need of any MLP training on the new language, the ported BN features performed similarly to the unilingual features on FLP and significantly better on LLP. Results also show that a simple fine-tuning step on the new language is enough to achieve comparable KWS and ASR performance to that system where the target language is also involved in the time-consuming multilingual training.

关键词： Language Speech recognition Vietnamese Vietnamese object oriented programming languages fault-location problem KEYWORD Juvenile Spinal Muscular Atrophy Error analysis CSRP3 gene aquifer storage and recovery

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Improving Statistical Machine Translation through co-joining parts of verbal constructs in English-Hindi translation 12

Improving Statistical Machine Translation through co-joining...

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Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation

作者： Karunesh Kumar Arora R Mahesh K Sinha CDAC Anusandhan Bhawan C 56/1 Sector 62 Noida India JSS Academy of Technical Education C 20/1 Sector 62 Noida India

ISBN: (纸本)9781627483452

Verb plays a crucial role of specifying the action or function performed in a sentence. In translating English to morphologically richer language like Hindi, the organization and the order of verbal constructs contributes to the fluency of the language. Mere statistical methods of machine translation are not sufficient enough to consider this aspect. Identification of verb parts in a sentence is essential for its understanding and they constitute as if they are a single entity. Considering them as a single entity improves the translation of the verbal construct and thus the overall quality of the translation. The paper describes a strategy for pre-processing and for identification of verb parts in source and target language corpora. The steps taken towards reducing sparsity further helped in improving the translation results.

关键词： machine translation Translations Translation object oriented programming languages Translation Process Adjudication Verbal Fluency Language

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Non-Native Children Speech Recognition Through Transfer Learning

Non-Native Children Speech Recognition Through Transfer Lear...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Marco Matassoni Roberto Gretter Daniele Falavigna Diego Giuliani Center for Information and Communication Technology Fondazione Bruno Kessler via Sommarive 18 Trento (Italy)

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646595

This work deals with non-native children's speech and investigates both multi-task and transfer learning approaches to adapt a multi-language Deep Neural Network (DNN) to speakers, specifically children, learning a foreign language. The application scenario is characterized by young students learning English and German and reading sentences in these second-languages, as well as in their mother language. The paper analyzes and discusses techniques for training effective DNN-based acoustic models starting from children's native speech and performing adaptation with limited non-native audio material. A multi -lingual model is adopted as baseline, where a common phonetic lexicon, defined in terms of the units of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), is shared across the three languages at hand (Italian, German and English);DNN adaptation methods based on transfer learning are evaluated on significant non-native evaluation sets. Results show that the resulting non-native models allow a significant improvement with respect to a mono-lingual system adapted to speakers of the target language.

关键词： Transfer learning Multi-task learning non-native speech recognition children's speech Transfer (Psychology) PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) object oriented programming languages Loudspeakers Speech recognition Introduced species Child English English language phonetics

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Multilingual Subjectivity: Are More languages Better? 10

Multilingual Subjectivity: Are More Languages Better?

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International conference on computational linguistics

作者： Carmen Banea Rada Mihalcea JanyceWiebe University of North Texas University of Pittsburgh

ISBN: (纸本)9787302234562

While subjectivity related research in other languages has increased, most of the work focuses on single languages. This paper explores the integration of features originating from multiple languages into a machine learning approach to subjectivity analysis, and aims to show that this enriched feature set provides for more effective modeling for the source as well as the target languages. We show not only that we are able to achieve over 75% macro accuracy in all of the six languages we experiment with, but also that by using features drawn from multiple languages we can construct high-precision meta-classifiers with a precision of over 83%.

关键词： Language Subjectivity object oriented programming languages cargo

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A Minimally Supervised Approach for Detecting and Ranking Document Translation Pairs 11

A Minimally Supervised Approach for Detecting and Ranking Do...

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Workshop on statistical machine translation

作者： Kriste Krstovski David A. Smith University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284121

We describe an approach for generating a ranked list of candidate document translation pairs without the use of bilingual dictionary or machine translation system. We developed this approach as an initial, filtering step, for extracting parallel text from large, multilingual-but non-parallel-corpora. We represent bilingual documents in a vector space whose basis vectors are the overlapping tokens found in both languages of the collection. Using this representation, weighted by tf·df, we compute cosine document similarity to create a ranked list of candidate document translation pairs. Unlike cross-language information retrieval, where a ranked list in the target language is evaluated for each source query, we are interested in, and evaluate, the more difficult task of finding translated document pairs. We first perform a feasibility study of our approach on parallel collections in multiple languages, representing multiple language families and scripts. The approach is then applied to a large bilingual collection of around 800k books. To avoid the computational cost of O(n~2) document pair comparisons, we employ locality sensitive hashing (LSH) approximation algorithm for cosine similarity, which reduces our time complexity to O(n log n).

关键词： object oriented programming languages Language machine translation system information retrieval complexity classes Cosine Translations Translation Translation Process

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object-oriented composition untangled 01

Object-oriented composition untangled

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ACM SIGPLAN Conference on object-oriented programming, Systems, languages, and Applications

作者： Klaus Ostermann Mira Mezini Siemens AG Corporate Technology SE 2 D-81730 Munich Germany Darmstadt University of Technology D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1581133359

object-oriented languages come with pre-defined composition mechansims, such as inheritance, object composition, or delegation, each characterized by a certain set of composition properties, which do not themselves individually exist as abstractions at the language level. However, often non-standard composition semantics is needed, with a mixture of composition mechanisms. Such non-standard semantics are simulated by complicated architectures that are sensitive to requirement changes and cannot easily be adapted without invalidating existing clients. In this paper, we propose compound references, a new abstraction for object references, that allows us to provide explicit linguistic means for expressing and combining individual composition properties on-demand. The model is statically typed and allows the programmer to express a seamless spectrum of composition semantics in the interval between object composition and inheritance. The resulting programs are better understandable, due to explicity expressed design decisions, and less sensitive to requirement changes.

关键词： language level object oriented programming languages Semantics semiotics delegation Computer personnel Abstraction non-standard object orientation

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