Parents have told you not to play with your food, but what's appropriate at the dinner table isn't necessarily applicable elsewhere. Modern culture thrives on mixing things together to create new flavours. It ...
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Parents have told you not to play with your food, but what's appropriate at the dinner table isn't necessarily applicable elsewhere. Modern culture thrives on mixing things together to create new flavours. It happened with music, and then with video, and now we're seeing it with online services. 'Mash-ups' are the latest buzzword in software development, and they are predicated on on mixing together Internet experiences that would previously have been consumed separately. Mash-ups are based on one of the fundamental tenets of Web 2.0 technology: that data contributed by a Web site's users should be easy for those users to consume in different forms. This philosophy drove sites such as Google, Flickr and Amazon to provide open application programming interfaces (APIs). "Mash-ups are about letting the user do the integration and filter their data all on their own. "Asynchronous Java and XML (AJAX) is one popular technology, enabling Web 2.0 users to manipulate online information without having to make multiple time-consuming queries to the server, as traditional HTML-based forms do. (3 pages).
An object-oriented finite element/finite volume software, EasyFEM, has been developed. The software, with a fully interactive graphics interface, analyses heat transfer, solid mechanics, and fluids problems by the fin...
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An object-oriented finite element/finite volume software, EasyFEM, has been developed. The software, with a fully interactive graphics interface, analyses heat transfer, solid mechanics, and fluids problems by the finite element and the finite volume methods. The Coad and Yourdon methodology is used to describe the general structure of classes and objects implemented by the software. Details of the object-oriented classes for both the graphics pre- and post-processors, as well as for the analysis solutions, are described. Several case studies with graphical representations of numerical solutions are presented to illustrate some functionalities of the software. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Classical specification and verification techniques support invariants for individual objects whose fields are primitive values, but do not allow sound modular reasoning about invariants involving more complex object ...
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Classical specification and verification techniques support invariants for individual objects whose fields are primitive values, but do not allow sound modular reasoning about invariants involving more complex object structures. Such non-trivial object structures are common, and occur in lists, hash tables, and whenever systems are built in layers. A sound and modular verification technique for layered object structures has to deal with the well-known problem of representation exposure and the problem that invariants of higher layers are potentially violated by methods in lower layers;such methods cannot be modularly shown to preserve these invariants. We generalize classical techniques to cover layered object structures using a refined semantics for invariants based on an ownership model for alias control. This semantics enables sound and modular reasoning. We further extend this ownership technique to even more expressive invariants that gain their modularity by imposing certain visibility requirements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An object-oriented numerical integration template implementation is presented on the basis of the C + + programming language. Aiming its straightforward application in finite and boundary element methods, the design s...
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An object-oriented numerical integration template implementation is presented on the basis of the C + + programming language. Aiming its straightforward application in finite and boundary element methods, the design supports integrand objects of scalar, vector or matrix types, so that a single programming statement is able to integrate element matrices and vectors. The integrand can contain singularities like the ones typically found in boundary element methods, allowing the evaluation of both regular and singular integrals under the same programming structure. The use of the proposed design is illustrated through sonic elementary applications as well as finite element and boundary element code excerpts. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Surgeons increasingly rely on dynamic, three-dimensional medical images for instrument guidance and clinical decision-making during minimally invasive procedures. The typical display combines images acquired before th...
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Surgeons increasingly rely on dynamic, three-dimensional medical images for instrument guidance and clinical decision-making during minimally invasive procedures. The typical display combines images acquired before the intervention with graphical representations of the instruments and also can include intraoperative image updates of the anatomy. Tracking systems indicate the location of surgical instruments relative to the patient's body, which helps guide the physician to the specific anatomical target. The authors' Image-Guided Software Toolkit contains the basic software components for developing an image-guided surgery system, including a component for controlling the tracker as well as a display component for overlaying images of patient anatomy and surgical instruments.
The precise time integration (PTI) method is proposed to solve the linear two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP). By employing the method of dimensional expanding, the non-homogeneous ordinary differential equations...
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The precise time integration (PTI) method is proposed to solve the linear two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP). By employing the method of dimensional expanding, the non-homogeneous ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be transformed into homogeneous ones and then the original PTI algorithms can be applied directly to the TPBVP. The PTI consists of two methods: the method of matrix exponential and the method of Riccati equations, both of which utilize the merit of 2(N) algorithm and guarantee high precise numerical results. The method of matrix exponential follows the similar scheme proposed for initial value problem of ODEs, and uses the matrix exponential to link boundary conditions between the two points. The method of Riccati equations employs the Riccati equations to express the relationships of two point boundary conditions. And then in terms of the relationships of boundary conditions at two points, the full conditions at initial point can be obtained and then the TPBVP can be transformed into initial value problem and then solved by direct time marching scheme. With some modifications, the. above algorithms can be directly extended to the infinite-interval problem and the variant coefficient ODEs problem. In the program implementation, the object-oriented (OO) design of PTI is proposed to demonstrate the applicability and easy maintenance of OO techniques in numerical computation. Finally, four selected numerical examples are given to show the high precision characteristics of PTI. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Existing software modeling approaches fail to support many product-line development activities. The Cadena platform, together with its core modeling concept, the Cadena Architecture Language with Metamodeling, address...
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Existing software modeling approaches fail to support many product-line development activities. The Cadena platform, together with its core modeling concept, the Cadena Architecture Language with Metamodeling, addresses this deficiency by providing a highly adaptive type-centric modeling framework with robust, flexible, and extensible tool support.
Purpose - To present a new approach to scientific thinking (paradigm) that avoids the shortcomings and inconsistencies of the prevailing Newtonian approach. Design/methodology/approach - The signs of a science in cris...
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Purpose - To present a new approach to scientific thinking (paradigm) that avoids the shortcomings and inconsistencies of the prevailing Newtonian approach. Design/methodology/approach - The signs of a science in crisis are reviewed and some of its shortcomings are compiled and connected to some misleading fundamental assumptions of the reigning paradigm of science. Calls attention to a current fundamental misunderstanding of the human capacity of observation - especially the negligence of the conceptual feedback loops of the human mind that make up the core of human learning capacity. Findings - When using a subject-oriented approach (SOA) to science, which takes off from the individual knowing the subject (methodological solipsism), it is possible to consistently construct a knower's science where all today's misleading assumptions can be successfully removed. This effort results in an abstract constructivist epistemology, where the reversed cause-effect chain severely upsets the classically trained mind - especially in natural science. Research limitations/implications - There is a great deal of work left to examine the soundness of these ideas and pave the way for such a profound re-orientation of traditional science that as a first step will be concerned with elucidating and explicating a wide range of problems and concerns in set and decision theory, logic, and mathematics. This is essentially to launch a research programme in these areas that as a next step includes all natural and social sciences that will appear in a new light when viewed from a first person, SOA. Practical implications - There is no other way for science to evade the prevailing crisis but to involve, in its very Kuhnian sense, a radical change of paradigm. In this view, the realist confusion, which is responsible for the genesis of Cartesian dualism and a row of other inconsistencies met with intoday's science, will slowly vanish, as will the embarrassing gulf between the natural and socia
Multi-physics simulations based on multi-component multi-solver modeling approach were performed for high-temperature fuel cells. The developed approach was primarily aimed at the design of complex multi-component eng...
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Multi-physics simulations based on multi-component multi-solver modeling approach were performed for high-temperature fuel cells. The developed approach was primarily aimed at the design of complex multi-component engineering systems. It extends the libraries of earlier designed multi-physics system with component classes, which makes it particularly suitable for modeling of fuel cell systems. The C++ based class hierarchy enables simple implementations of different physical models based on general 3D PDE (partial differential equations) solvers, or simplified engineering ID or 2D models. Simulations of solid-oxide fuel cells were performed using a combined transport solver in multi-species environment. The components included the PEN complex (anode, cathode, electrolyte), air/fuel channels, interconnects, seals and ambient environments. Species concentrations, mass, momentum, energy fluxes, and electric potentials were solved for different components. Models for unsteady fluid dynamics of species, heat transport, electrochemistry and electric currents were combined within different components and interfaced for common variables at the inter-component boundaries. The results include steady and unsteady distributions of temperature, species concentrations, mass fluxes and electric potential inside co-flow and cross-flow fuel cells with different number of channels. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
This paper discusses the development of a set of object-oriented modular simulation tools for solving lumped and spatially distributed models generated from chemical process design and simulation problems. Developed i...
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This paper discusses the development of a set of object-oriented modular simulation tools for solving lumped and spatially distributed models generated from chemical process design and simulation problems. Developed in the context of simulating semiconductor manufacture equipment, this framework reduces the software development cycle time associated with designing process systems and it improves the overall efficiency of the simulator development process. Modularized simulator components can be solved and analyzed individually, as well as formed into modular systems that can be solved using sequential or simultaneous approaches. A tungsten chemical vapor deposition simulation application is presented to illustrate the capability of the proposed tools in facilitating an evolutionary simulation approach. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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