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Framework Description Using Concern-Specific Design Patterns Composition

ACM Computing Surveys 2000年第1期32卷 16-16页

作者： Silva, António Rito Francisco Assis Rosa and Teresa Gonçalves INESC Technical University of Lisbon 1000-029 Lisboa Rua Alves Redol no9 Portugal

This paper proposes an approach to object-oriented framework description. Frameworks are described using concern-specific design patterns and their composition. The frameworks understandability is achieved by the separate description of concern variations and by the description of inter-concern combinations of those variations. Both descriptions are independent of implementation details. The technical innovations are based on using design patterns for describing concern variations and on using design patterns compositions for describing variations compositions. © 2000, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： object-oriented Composition object-oriented Design Patterns object-oriented Frameworks object-oriented programming

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Message-driven object-oriented programming: A promising solution to virtual reality construction

Message-driven object-oriented programming: A promising solu...

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IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Processing Systems

作者： Tian, B Zhu, RM Wang, QT Dai, GZ Northwestern Polytech Univ Dept Automat Control Xian 710072 Shaanxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0780342534

Virtual reality(VR) features an impressive virtual world which operates like a real one. However, convenient tools for the Va contruction work are not available yet, although there are tools like OpenInventor and WorldToolKit(WTK) which relieve programmers of some low level and hardware related jobs. One of the key problems under heat discussion is to find a uniform and well organized structure for the program layout, so that a better sharing of VR resources may be achieved. In this paper, we discuss some basic tasks in constructing a virtual world and suggest message-driven object-oriented programming as a possible solution to problems concerning network VR and multiworld VR Experiment programs developed with this technique operate satisfactorily, showing the promising future of a new virtual reality constructing tool.

关键词： virtual reality object-oriented programming electronic messaging resource allocation virtual reality construction virtual world VR construction work OpenInventor WorldTooLKit well organized structure program layout VR resource sharing message driven object oriented programming network VR multiworld VR VR construction tool

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Using polymorphism for the access of a heterogeneous linked list

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Xi'an Shiyou Xueyuan Xuebao/Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute (Natural Science Edition) 2000年第3期15卷 51-53页

作者： Lian, Shiyou Xi'an Petroleum Institute Xi'an Shaanxi 710065 China

Using polymorphism is very useful in object-oriented programming. A programming method for accessing a heterogenereous linked list is introduced in which polymorphism is used. The method can be, stated as follows firstly, establish a common basic class for all objects linked in the same heterogenereous linked list and define virtual functions concerned;then construct a function reference inferface which indudes a uniform object point type converting *** with traditional method, this method is easier, more easily augmented and maintained.

关键词： Heterogenereous linked list object-oriented programming Polymorphism

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Comparison of C++ and Fortran 90 for object-oriented scientific programming

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COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 1997年第1期105卷 20-36页

作者： Cary, JR Shasharina, SG Cummings, JC Reynders, JVW Hinker, PJ UNIV COLORADO DEPT PHYSBOULDERCO 80309 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB ADV COMP LABLOS ALAMOSNM 87545 DAKOTA SCI SOFTWARE INC RAPID CITYSD 57701

C++ and Fortran 90 are compared as object-oriented languages for use in scientific computing, C++ is a full-featured, object-oriented language that provides support for inheritance and polymorphism. Fortran 90 can mimic some object-oriented features through combinations of its TYPE and MODULE syntax elements, but it lacks inheritance and thus does not permit code reuse to the same extent as C++. Each language has other useful features unrelated to object-oriented programming, but the additional features of Fortran 90 can be included in C++ through the development of class libraries. in contrast, including the additional features of C++ in Fortran 90 would require further development of the Fortran 90 syntax. A critical feature missing in Fortran 90 is the template, which allows C++ programmers to build portable, reusable code and to dramatically improve the efficiency of the evaluation of complex expressions involving user-defined data types. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： C++ Fortran 90 object-oriented programming scientific computing

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Virginity: A contribution to the specification of object-oriented software

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INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS 1999年第2期70卷 99-105页

作者： Leino, KRM Stata, R Compaq Syst Res Ctr Palo Alto CA 94301 USA

In object-oriented programs built in layers, an object at a higher level of abstraction is implemented by objects at lower levels of abstraction. It is usually crucial to correctness that a lower-level object not be shared among several higher-level objects. This paper unveils some difficulties in writing procedure specifications strong enough to guarantee that a lower-level object can be used in the implementation of another object at a higher level of abstraction. To overcome these difficulties, the paper presents virginity, a convenient way of specifying that an object is not globally reachable and thus can safely be used in the implementation of a higher-level abstraction. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： program specification object-oriented programming program verification specification languages formal semantics static program checking

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Minimum cost wavelength-path routing and wavelength allocation using a genetic-algorithm heuristic hybrid approach

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMMUNICATIONS 1999年第1期146卷 1-7页

作者： Sinclair, MC Univ Essex Dept Elect Syst Engn Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England

Minimum cost wavelength-path routing and wavelength allocation of multiwavelength alloptical transport networks using a genetic-algorithm (GA)/heuristic hybrid approach is described. A cost model is adopted which incorporates a dependency on link wavelength requirements. The hybrid algorithm developed uses an object-oriented representation of networks, and incorporates four operators: path mutation, single-point crossover, reroute and shift-out. In addition, an operator-probability adaptation mechanism is employed to improve operator productivity. Experimental results from seven fifteen-node test networks, obtained using a tool for optical network optimisation, modelling and design (NOMaD), suggest the GA/heuristic hybrid approach provides superior results compared to three recent wavelength-allocation heuristics, except when the network cost depends most heavily on wavelength requirement.

关键词： Optimisation techniques GA/heuristic hybrid approach genetic-algorithm/heuristic hybrid approach genetic algorithms multiwavelength all-optical transport networks fifteen-node test networks cost model link wavelength requirements network cost object-oriented methods optical network optimisation modelling and design single-point crossover object-oriented representation wavelength allocation NOMaD Communication network design, planning and routing Optical fibre networks operator productivity frequency allocation object-oriented programming telecommunication network routing operator-probability adaptation mechanism minimum cost wavelength-path routing optical fibre networks shift-out path mutation reroute

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Design patterns in object-oriented frameworks

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COMPUTER 1999年第2期32卷 24-+页

作者： Srinivasan, S IBM Corp Almaden Res Ctr Visual Media Grp San Jose CA 95114 USA

Developing interactive software systems with complex user interfaces has become increasingly common. Given this trend, it is important that new technology be based on flexible architectures that do not require developers to understand all the complexities inherent in a system. object-oriented frameworks provide an important enabling technology for reusing both the architecture and the functionality of software components. But frameworks typically have a steep learning curve since the user must understand the abstract design of the underlying framework as well as the object collaboration rules or contracts-which are often not apparent in the framework interface-prior to using the framework. In this article, the author describes her experience with developing an object-oriented framework for speech recognition applications that use IBM's ViaVoice speech recognition technology. Design patterns help to effectively communicate the internal framework design and reduce dependence on the documentation.

关键词： IBM ViaVoice abstract design complex user interfaces design patterns documentation interactive software object-oriented frameworks object-oriented programming software architecture software architecture software components software reusability software reuse speech recognition speech recognition speech-based user interfaces

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An object-oriented constraints-based system for concurrent product development

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ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 1999年第2期15卷 133-144页

作者： Gayretli, A Abdalla, HS De Montfort Univ Fac Comp Sci & Engn Dept Mech & Mfg Engn Leicester LE1 9BH Leics England

This research work aims to develop an intelligent constraint-based system that enables designers to consider at the early stages of the design process all activities associated with product's life cycle. One of the most important aspects of these activities is the evaluation and optimisation of manufacturing processes that require various type of information from the different aspects of product's life cycle. This research article discusses the development of a prototype system for manufacturing process optimisation using a combination of both mathematical methods and constraint-programming techniques. This approach enables designers to evaluate and optimise feasible manufacturing professes in a consistent manner as early as possible during the design process. This helps in avoiding unexpected design iterations that wastage a great amount of time and effort, leading to longer lead-time. The development process has passed through the five major stages: Firstly, an intelligent constraint-based design system for concurrent product and process design has been developed. Secondly, a manufacturing process optimisation module has been constructed. Thirdly, the product features, processes, cost, time and constraints to be used for carrying out various design tasks has been represented in the format of constraints, frames, objects, and rules. Fourthly, the process optimisation and evaluation rules for the selection of feasible processes for complex features, and finally, the information management system that ensures consistency in information exchange and decision making activities have been developed. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： feature-based design object-oriented programming concurrent engineering process optimisation cost estimation constraints knowledge-based systems

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Node-based dynamic adaptive grid with quadrilateral and hexahedral elements

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ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE 1999年第1期30卷 31-41页

作者： Wang, GH Tyler, JM Weltman, JS Callahan, JD Geoquest Unit Schlumberger Houston TX 77056 USA Louisiana State Univ Dept Comp Sci Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Innovat Emergency Management Baton Rouge LA 70809 USA InControl Technol Houston TX 77068 USA

A node-based data structure is developed for use in either two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) problems. This grid uses quadrilateral (2-D) or hexahedral (3-D) elements and is dynamically adaptive according to the 1-irregular requirement for refinement-derefinement. Implemented in C + +,the grid consists of node objects linked with pointers to neighboring node objects. The algorithm used to traverse the grid starts at the first node of the grid and constructs each FEM element by following the links of the nodes. This algorithm uses a stack to maintain the correct order of elements during the grid traversals. Because the elements and their connectivity are not permanently stored, the computer storage requirements for the grid are reduced significantly in 3-D compared with an element-based approach. Although the node-based approach may increase the CPU-time and complexity to access an element, it reduces the complexity and time required to refine and derefine an element. This implementation is applicable to many FEM domains. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： dynamic adaptive mesh adaptive finite elements nodal-based data structures object-oriented programming C++ FORTRAN

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A fault-tolerant object service on CORBA

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 1999年第3期48卷 197-211页

作者： Liang, D Fang, CL Yuan, SM Chen, C Jan, GE Acad Sinica Inst Informat Sci Taipei 11529 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Technol Taipei Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Hsinchu 31151 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ Dept Comp Sci Keelung Taiwan

The Common object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), is a major industrial standard for distributed object-based applications. Today's large-scale CORBA applications have to deal with object crashes, node failures, networks partitioning and unpredictable communication delays. Existing efforts to enhance the CORBA reliability can be roughly categorized into three approaches: integration approach, interception approach and service approach. Each approach has its own merits and prices. In this paper, we propose a service approach solution called object Fault-tolerance Service (OFS). Solutions that adopt the service approach usually specify their service in terms of CORBA IDL interfaces. The implementations of such solutions in general do not modify the ORE infrastructure or IDL language mappings, and thus applications developed with those systems appear to be more portable. OFS differs from other service approach solutions in that OFS does not assume underlying support of reliable group communication. Applications with advance registration can rely on OFS for detection of object and node crashes, and for customized recovery. In this paper, we first present the service specification of OFS. We then give the system architecture of an OFS implementation. This OFS implementation is developed on the Solaris 2.5 platform and with IONA's Orbix 2.0. The performance evaluation of the OFS implementation is also presented. The preliminary experiments indicate that OFS overhead is minimal and client objects experience little response delay when a service object is under OFS surveillance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： CORBA distributed computing environment distributed object services fault-tolerance object-oriented programming OMA

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