Despite the fact that there has been a wide adoption of unified modelling language activity diagrams (UML ADs) for software development, research focusing on the equivalence notions of UML ADs is scarce. To address th...
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Despite the fact that there has been a wide adoption of unified modelling language activity diagrams (UML ADs) for software development, research focusing on the equivalence notions of UML ADs is scarce. To address this area of concern, the author presents a sound theoretical foundation for UML ADs. Through the use of these formal definitions of UML ADs, the author propounds a method which classifies various types of equivalences of UML ADs in a systematic way. The proposed classification, which is the core result of our work, provides a framework that enables the study of the properties and inter-relationships of the equivalences.
This paper evaluates a simple approximate pseudostatic method for estimating the maximum internal forces and horizontal displacements of pile group subjected to lateral seismic excitation. The method involves two main...
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This paper evaluates a simple approximate pseudostatic method for estimating the maximum internal forces and horizontal displacements of pile group subjected to lateral seismic excitation. The method involves two main steps: (1) computation of the free-field soil movements caused by the earthquake, and (2) the analysis of the response of the pile group based on the maximum free-field soil movements (considered as static movements) as well as a static loading at the pile head, which depends on the computed spectral acceleration of the structure being supported. The methodology takes into account the effects of group interaction and soil yielding at pile-soil interface. The applicability of this approach has been validated by a similar approach for single piles and then verified by both experimental centrifuge models of pile-supported structures and field measurements of Ohba-Ohashi Bridge in Japan. It is demonstrated that the proposed method yields reasonable estimates of the pile maximum moment, shear, and horizontal displacement for many practical cases despite of its simplicity. Limitations and reliability of the methodology are discussed and some practical conclusions on the performance of the proposed approach are presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The object-oriented philosophy abstracts out the essential immutable qualities of the components of the finite element method into classes of objects. It facilitates easy modification capability without creating a rip...
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The object-oriented philosophy abstracts out the essential immutable qualities of the components of the finite element method into classes of objects. It facilitates easy modification capability without creating a ripple effect on the whole program and reduces the necessity of knowledge of the source code to a minimum level. This paper presents a prototype implementation of the development of a flexible computational platform based on an object-oriented approach and its application in a FORTRAN environment, which facilitates use of previously developed components. IDARC3D which is capable of linear and nonlinear, static as well as dynamic analyses of multistory three-dimensional buildings with, or without, energy dissipation devices developed in FORTRAN with conventional programming practices has been transformed to the object-oriented framework. By using the new object-oriented platform, some representative examples were analysed and the results were compared with the well-known software facilities. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper deals with issues arising from the stochastic simulation of fibre metal laminates. The elasticity modulus of the composite layer is assumed to be a random process. An object-oriented computational framework...
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This paper deals with issues arising from the stochastic simulation of fibre metal laminates. The elasticity modulus of the composite layer is assumed to be a random process. An object-oriented computational framework is proposed, which can be integrated with an existing object-oriented deterministic infrastructure. This framework is utilized to implement a spectral stochastic version of the solid-like shell element. Modelling aspects particular to the layered nature of the fibre metal laminates are discussed and implemented in the proposed framework. Practical application of the software is illustrated by computations on panels of GLARE (fibre metal laminate). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In real-time simulation, the simulated system should display the same (or very close) timing behavior as the target system. The simulation accuracy is increased as the simulation time unit is decreased. Although there...
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In real-time simulation, the simulated system should display the same (or very close) timing behavior as the target system. The simulation accuracy is increased as the simulation time unit is decreased. Although there are several models for such systems, the TMO model is particularly appropriate due to its natural support for real-time distributed object-oriented programming. This paper discusses the results of the implementation of a real-time airplane-landing simulator on a distributed computing environment using the TMO model. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
Context Mutation testing has been mainly analyzed regarding traditional mutation operators involving structured programming constructs common in mainstream languages, but mutations at the class level have not been ass...
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Context Mutation testing has been mainly analyzed regarding traditional mutation operators involving structured programming constructs common in mainstream languages, but mutations at the class level have not been assessed to the same extent. This fact is noteworthy in the case of C++, despite being one of the most relevant languages including object-oriented features. objective: This paper provides a complete evaluation of class operators for the C++ programming language. MuCPP, a new system devoted to the application of mutation testing to this language, was developed to this end. This mutation system implements class mutation operators in a robust way, dealing with the inherent complexity of the language. Method: MuCPP generates the mutants by traversing the abstract syntax tree of each translation unit with the Clang API, and stores mutants as branches in the Git version control system. The tool is able to detect duplicate mutants, avoid system headers, and drive the compilation process. Then, MuCPP is used to conduct experiments with several open-source C++ programs. Results: The improvement rules listed in this paper to reduce unproductive class mutants have a significant impact in the computational cost of the technique. We also calculate the quantity and distribution of mutants generated with class operators, which generate far fewer mutants than their traditional counterparts. Conclusions: We show that the tests accompanying these programs cannot detect faults related to particular object-oriented features of C++. In order to increase the mutation score, we create new test scenarios to kill the surviving class mutants for all the applications. The results confirm that, while traditional mutation operators are still needed, class operators can complement them and help testers further improve the test suite. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
This paper shows that one can reason at a meta level about the structure of object-oriented source code in a language-independent way. To achieve this, we propose a language-independent meta-level interface to extract...
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This paper shows that one can reason at a meta level about the structure of object-oriented source code in a language-independent way. To achieve this, we propose a language-independent meta-level interface to extract complex information about the structure of the source code. This approach is validated by defining a set of logic queries to detect object-oriented best practice patterns and design patterns in two different languages: Smalltalk and Java. The queries were applied to two similar medium-sized applications available for each language, and the results were confirmed by manually investigating the source code and available documentation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In this paper, implementation concepts of a structural optimization software using object-oriented programming (OOP) in CS ++ is presented. A brief mathematical formulation of structural optimization and continuum-bas...
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In this paper, implementation concepts of a structural optimization software using object-oriented programming (OOP) in CS ++ is presented. A brief mathematical formulation of structural optimization and continuum-based sensitivity analysis is presented. The requirements of a computational optimization environment are derived from this formulation. The OOP characteristics are analysed and this paradigm is employed in the implementation of design variables, structural performance functionals, velocity fields, design model and mathematical programming algorithms using CI-Jr. Finally, the program obtained is applied to 2D linear elastic examples of sizing and shape optimization.
Inheritance, together with object and class, is the key concept of objectoriented systems. Adopting the concept-oriented view (COV for short) of inheritance, current OO systems such as GemStone, Orion, C++, O-2, Post...
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Inheritance, together with object and class, is the key concept of objectoriented systems. Adopting the concept-oriented view (COV for short) of inheritance, current OO systems such as GemStone, Orion, C++, O-2, PostGres, Iris, and SmallTalk dominantly interpret inheritance by retaining all attributes and methods in a subclass from its superclass, and by supporting the specification of additional attributes and methods in the subclass. However, this monotonic extension property may result in a redundant subclass representation which in turn gives rise to update anomalies. Thus extra effort in practice used to prevent these problems from happening is to change an IS-A relationship in COV of hierarchy into sibling in the program-oriented view (POV for short) hierarchy. However, the dichotomy between the concept and implementation leads to a significant difference of the class hierarchy between the designing phase and implementation phase of OO systems, hence increases the complexity in designing OO systems. In this paper, rye show that, when the subclass attributes are linearly related to the superclass attributes (the attributes in the superclass can be linearly expressed by those in the subclass), linear subclass assertions/constraints can be elegantly used to resolve the problems such as the redundant subclass representation, and update anomalies. We have proved that (1) given a linear subclass assertion, a non-redundant subclass representation can be automatically decided, and the bilateral mappings between the class and the determined subclass can be automatically constructed, and (2) given a user-chosen subclass representation and the mapping from the chosen subclass to the superclass, the linear subclass assertion and inverse mapping can be automatically constructed, and (3) placing an object into the most specific class in an ISA class hierarchy can be automatically conducted. The proposed novel ideas have been prototyped on GemStone/Smalltalk on a SunSparc/U
We outline an approach for extending procedural finite-element software components using generic programming. A layer of generic software components consisting of C++ containers and algorithms is used for parallelizat...
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We outline an approach for extending procedural finite-element software components using generic programming. A layer of generic software components consisting of C++ containers and algorithms is used for parallelization of the finite-element solver and for solver coupling in multi-physics applications. The advantages of generic programming in connection with finite-element codes are discussed and compared with those of object-oriented programming. The use of the proposed generic programming techniques is demonstrated in a tutorial fashion through basic illustrative examples as well as code excerpts from a large-scale finite-element program for serial and parallel computing platforms.
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