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Process metrics for software defect prediction in object-oriented programs

IET SOFTWARE 2020年第3期14卷 283-292页

作者： Yu, Qiao Jiang, Shujuan Qian, Junyan Bo, Lili Jiang, Li Zhang, Gongjie Jiangsu Normal Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China Minist Educ Engn Res Ctr Mine Digitalizat Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China Guangxi Normal Univ Guangxi Key Lab Multisource Informat Min & Secur Guilin Peoples R China Guilin Univ Elect Technol Guangxi Key Lab Trusted Software Guilin Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Sch Informat Engn Yangzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China

Software evolution is an important activity in the life cycle of a modern software system. In the process of software evolution, the repair of historical defects and the increasing demands may introduce new defects. Therefore, evolution-oriented defect prediction has attracted much attention of researchers in recent years. At present, some researchers have proposed the process metrics to describe the characteristics of software evolution. However, compared with the traditional software defect prediction methods, the research on evolution-oriented defect prediction is still inadequate. Based on the evolution data of object-oriented programs, this study presented two new process metrics from the defect rates of historical packages and the change degree of classes. To show the effectiveness of the proposed process metrics, the authors made comparisons with the code metrics and other process metrics. An empirical study was conducted on 33 versions of nine open-source projects. The results showed that adding the proposed process metrics could improve the performance of evolution-oriented defect prediction effectively.

关键词： object-oriented programming software fault tolerance software maintenance software metrics software quality software packages defect rates process metrics evolution-oriented defect prediction object-oriented programs software evolution modern software system historical defects traditional software defect prediction methods evolution data

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Comparative Analysis of Techniques for Testing object oriented programs

Comparative Analysis of Techniques for Testing Object Orient...

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Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference (ZINC)

作者： Zivkovic, Tamara Zivkovic, Miodrag Univ Belgrade Sch Elect Engn Belgrade Serbia Singidunum Univ Fac Informat & Comp Belgrade Serbia

ISBN: (数字)9781728182599

ISBN: (纸本)9781728182599

Software testing is one of the most important activities in the software development lifecycle. White box testing assumes access to the source code of the program. One of the main problems when selecting a testing approach is to try to minimize the number of tests while guaranteeing 100% test coverage. The testing of object-oriented programs is more complex than the testing of procedural programs. All traditional testing techniques can be applied, however, it is required to consider special characteristics of object-oriented programs, such as abstraction. Several techniques can be applied to the testing of the object-oriented programs - in this paper we have selected and compared two approaches and applied them to the same object-oriented program sample. Generated test sets were analyzed in terms of coverage quality with the PIT tool for mutation testing.

关键词： software testing quality assurance object-oriented programs test coverage mutation testing

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Monadic Dynamic Slicing of object-oriented programs 10

Monadic Dynamic Slicing of Object-Oriented Programs

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10th International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC)

作者： Xu, Bihuan Zhang, Yingzhou Zhu, Shurong Qian, Junyan Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Sci Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Guilin Univ Elect Technol Guangxi Key Lab Trusted Software Guilin Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781728109749

ISBN: (纸本)9781728109749

Program slicing is an effective technique for narrowing the focus of attention to the relevant parts of a program. The dynamic slice contains only those statements that actually affect the variables in the slicing criterion, thus it is useful in software debugging, testing and maintenance. This paper proposes a new approach to dynamically slice object oriented programs (OOPS) based on modular monadic semantics. It abstracts the computation of program slicing as a language-independent object, slice monad transformer, which can be applied to semantic descriptions of the program analyzed in a modular way, forming the corresponding monadic slicing algorithms. Such algorithms allow dynamic slices to be computed directly on abstract syntax, with no needs to explicitly construct intermediate structures such as dependence graphs or to record an execution history. Simultaneously, it could describe the basic object-oriented (00) features such as encapsulation, inheritance and dynamic binding well. It has excellent reusability and language-flexibility properties comparing with the current dynamic slicing methods for OOPS.

关键词： Dynamic Slicing object-oriented programs Monads Slice Monad Transformer

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A Framework for Test Data Generation of object-oriented programs Based on Complete Testing Chain 17

A Framework for Test Data Generation of Object-oriented Prog...

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17th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD)

作者： Li, Gang Yu, Lei Sun, Huihui State Key Lab Math Engn & Adv Comp Zhengzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509022397

Test data generation is always a hot topic in software testing since efficient test data generation method can significantly increase the efficiency of software testing and decrease the cost. Method call relation and parameter list are seldom considered in existing test data generation methods for object-oriented programs. In this paper, we present the concept of complete testing chain which stipulates the order of methods to be followed when generating test data for object-oriented programs to guarantee the correctness of test data generation. Basing on this, a framework for test data generation of object-oriented programs is proposed. We discuss encoding paradigm of test data, updating of test data and design of fitness function. For updating of test data, particle swarm optimization is introduced to realize the update of parameter list with genetic algorithm used for method sequence updating. Last but not least, a method to improve the initial population by using generated test data is presented for programs whose branch statements consist of method calls. The results show that the proposed methods can greatly increase the success rate and efficiency of test data generation for object-oriented programs.

关键词： test data generation object-oriented programs complete testing chain parameter list updating initial population improving

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Verification of object-oriented programs: A transformational approach

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES 2012年第3期78卷 823-852页

作者： Apt, Krzysztof R. de Boer, Frank S. Olderog, Ernst-Ruediger de Gouw, Stijn Ctr Math & Comp Sci CWI Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Amsterdam Inst Language Log & Computat Amsterdam Netherlands Leiden Univ Leiden Inst Adv Comp Sci NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg Dept Comp Sci D-2900 Oldenburg Germany

We show that verification of object-oriented programs by means of the assertional method can be achieved in a simple way by exploiting a syntax-directed transformation from object-oriented programs to recursive programs. This transformation suggests natural proofs rules and its correctness helps us to establish soundness and relative completeness of the proposed proof system. One of the difficulties is how to properly deal in the assertion language with the instance variables and aliasing. The discussed programming language supports arrays, instance variables, failures and recursive methods with parameters. We also explain how the transformational approach can be extended to deal with other features of object-oriented programming, like classes, inheritance, subtyping and dynamic binding. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： object-oriented programs Null references Aliasing Inheritance Subtyping Syntax-directed transformation Recursive programs Program verification Strong partial correctness Relative completeness

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Proposal for Control Dependency White-Box Test Coverage Metrics for Inheritance 2

Proposal for Control Dependency White-Box Test Coverage Metr...

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2nd International Conference on Data Science and Business Analytics (ICDSBA)

作者： Biswas, Sourav Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bhubaneswar Odisha India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538684313

Several white-box test coverage metrics have been proposed in the literature in the context of object-oriented programs. However, these are not appropriate for the object oriented feature inheritance. The main reason for this situation is the fact that a class is derived from another class in inheritance. Though there are a large number of well established test coverage metrics have been reported to capture the coverage of object oriented programs, white-box test coverage metrics to capture the coverage due to inheritance have rarely been reported. In this paper, we propose a set of novel unit test coverage metrics for object-oriented feature inheritance based on execution of control dependences of the JSysDG (Java System Dependency Graph).

关键词： Java System Dependency Graph object-oriented programs inheritance test coverage

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Coverage-Based Fault Localizations Using Mutants

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2018年第8期28卷 1091-1119页

作者： Xue, Xiaozhen Siami-Namini, Sima Namin, Akbar Siami Texas Tech Univ Dept Comp Sci Lubbock TX 79409 USA Texas Tech Univ Dept Appl Econ Lubbock TX 79409 USA

Empirical studies show that coverage-based fault localizations are very effective in testing and debugging software applications. It is also a commonly held belief that no software testing techniques would perform best for all programs with various data structures and complexity. An important research question posed in this paper is whether the type and complexity of faults in a given program has any influence on the performance of these fault localization techniques. This paper investigates the performance of coverage-based fault localizations for different types of faults. We explore and compare the accuracy of these techniques for two large groups of faults often observed in object-oriented programs. First, we explore different types of traditional method-level faults grouped into six categories including those related to arithmetic, relational, conditional, logical, assignment, and shift. We then focus on class-level faults related to object-oriented features and group them into four categories including inheritance, overriding, Java specic features, and common programming mistakes. The results show that coverage-based fault localizations are less effective for class-level faults associated with object-oriented features of programs. We therefore advocate the needs for designing more effective fault localizations for debugging object-oriented and class-level defects.

关键词： Fault localization object-oriented programs debugging mutants

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Dynamic Symbolic Execution for Polymorphism 2017

Dynamic Symbolic Execution for Polymorphism

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26th International Conference on Compiler Construction (CC)

作者： Li, Lian Lu, Yi Xue, Jingling Oracle Labs Brisbane Qld Australia Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol State Key Lab Comp Architecture Beijing Peoples R China UNSW Australia Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450352338

Symbolic execution is an important program analysis technique that provides auxiliary execution semantics to execute programs with symbolic rather than concrete values. There has been much recent interest in symbolic execution for automatic test case generation and security vulnerability detection, resulting in various tools being deployed in academia and industry. Nevertheless, (subtype or dynamic) polymorphism of object-oriented programs has been neglected: existing symbolic execution techniques can explore different targets of conditional branches but not different targets of method invocations. We address the problem of how this polymorphism can be expressed in a symbolic execution framework. We propose the notion of symbolic types, which make object types symbolic. With symbolic types, various targets of a method invocation can be explored systematically by mutating the type of the receiver object of the method during automatic test case generation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to address polymorphism in symbolic execution. Mutation of method invocation targets is critical for effectively testing object-oriented programs, especially libraries. Our experimental results show that symbolic types are significantly more effective than existing symbolic execution techniques in achieving test coverage and finding bugs and security vulnerabilities in OpenJDK.

关键词： Concolic Testing object-oriented programs

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Ruby on Semantic Web

Ruby on Semantic Web

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IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2011)

作者： Eisenberg, Vadim Kanza, Yaron Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci IL-32000 Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781424489589

The impedance mismatch problem that occurs when relational data is being processed by object-oriented (OO) programs, also occurs when OO programs process RDF data, on the Semantic Web. The impedance mismatch problem stems from the inherent differences between RDF and the data model of OO languages. In this paper, we illustrate a solution to this problem. Essentially, we modify an OO language so that RDF individuals become first-class citizens in the language, and objects of the language become first-class citizens in RDF. Three important benefits that follow from this modification are: (1) it becomes natural to use the language as a persistent programming language, (2) the language supports implicit integration of data from multiple data sources, and (3) SPARQL queries and inference can be applied to objects during the run of a program. This demo presents such a modified programming language, namely Ruby on Semantic Web, which is an extension of the Ruby programming language. The demo includes a system, where users can run applications, written in Ruby on Semantic Web, over multiple data sources. In the demo we run code examples. The effects of the execution on the data sources and on the state of the objects in memory are presented visually, in real time.

关键词： Companies Data models OWL Relational databases Resource description framework Ruby programming language SPARQL inference SPARQL queries impedance mismatch problem multiple data sources object-oriented languages object-oriented languages object-oriented programming object-oriented programs relational data relational databases semantic Web semantic web

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Invariants for Non-Hierarchical object Structures

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ELECTRONIC NOTES IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2008年第C期195卷 211-229页

作者： Middelkoop, Ronald Huizing, Cornelis Kuiper, Ruurd Luit, Erik J. Tech Univ Eindhoven Dept Math & Comp Sci POB 513 NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

We present a Hoare-style specification and verification approach for invariants in sequential OO programs. It allows invariants over non-hierarchical object structures, in which update patterns that span several objects and methods occur frequently. This gives rise to invalidating and subsequent re-establishing of invariants in a way that compromises standard data induction, which assumes invariants hold when a method is called. We provide specification constructs (inc and coop) that identify objects and methods involved in such patterns, allowing a refined form of data induction. The approach now handles practical designs, as illustrated by a specification of the Observer Pattern.

关键词： Invariants Formal specification Program verification object-oriented programs

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