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Faithful mapping of model classes to mathematical structures

IET SOFTWARE 2008年第6期2卷 477-499页

作者： Darvas, A. Mueller, P. ETH Dept Comp Sci CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

techniques are indispensable for the specification and veri. cation of the functional behaviour of programs. In object-oriented specification languages like Java Modeling Language, a powerful abstraction technique is the use of model classes, that is, classes that are only used for specification purposes and that provide object-oriented interfaces for essential mathematical concepts such as sets or relations. Although the use of model classes in specifications is natural and powerful, they pose problems for veri. cation. Program verifiers map model classes to their underlying logics. Flaws in a model class or the mapping can easily lead to unsoundness and incompleteness. This article proposes an approach for the faithful mapping of model classes to mathematical structures provided by the theorem prover of the program veri. er at hand. Faithfulness means that a given model class semantically corresponds to the mathematical structure it is mapped to. This approach enables reasoning about programs specified in terms of model classes. It also helps in writing consistent and complete model-class specifications as well as in identifying and checking redundant specifications.

关键词： reasoning about programs functional behaviour specification formal specification Java Modeling Language Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating systems mathematical structures object-oriented specification languages program verifiers map model functional behaviour verification abstraction techniques object-oriented programming object-oriented programming Formal methods model classes object-oriented interfaces

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Development of an object-oriented service restoration expert system with load variations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2008年第1期23卷 219-225页

作者： Tsai, Men-Shen Natl Taipei Univ Technol Taipei 10608 Taiwan

Distribution restoration process is done by switching actions of sectionalizing and tie switches on the feeders. The state of these switches can be determined by applying logical reasoning. Thus, knowledge-based systems are ideal tools to accomplish the task. In this paper, an expert system is developed by utilizing its fast reasoning mechanism and object-oriented features. The feeder component and configuration data are organized in a hierarchy way using the object-oriented programming paradigm. On the other hand, facts are used for representing the information during inference process. Service restoration procedure proposed in this paper takes load variation into consideration. The simulation results indicate that more solutions can be obtained for service restoration problems when load variation is considered. Another unique property of the proposed system is that it is capable of proposing multiple restoration plans. Multiple plans are important for the system operators since the best solution proposed by the system may not be workable in reality. By proposing multiple plans, the system operator can choose a plan which is more suitable to the real situation for service restoration problems.

关键词： expert systems object-oriented programming power distribution planning

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Framework for quiescence management in support of reconfigurable multi-threaded component-based systems

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IET SOFTWARE 2008年第4期2卷 348-361页

作者： Pissias, P. Coulson, G. Univ Lancaster Dept Comp InfoLab 21 Lancaster LA1 4WA England

In component-based software systems, the basic building block is the component, and applications are built as component compositions. 'Dynamic reconfiguration' in such systems is defined as the ability to replace individual components at runtime, or to change the compositional topology by adding/removing components and/or changing the patterns of their interconnection. A 'quiescence service' supports dynamic reconfiguration by pushing a system into a stable state in which such changes can be safely made. It is thus a key enabler of dynamic reconfiguration. The authors present the design of a quiescence service, which has been implemented for the OpenCOM component-based programming platform. It is argued that this design shows significant advances over the state of the art in quiescence support for component-based systems. In particular, it minimises programmer overhead and system disruption, and efficiently supports a large class of systems without imposing architectural constraints.

关键词： software architecture programmer overhead architectural constraints quiescence service multi-threading system disruption Software engineering techniques dynamic reconfiguration Distributed systems software quiescence management reconfigurable multithreaded component-based software systems object-oriented programming OpenCOM component-based programming

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A Provably Correct Translation of the λ-Calculus into a Mathematical Model of C plus

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THEORY OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS 2008年第3-4期43卷 298-321页

作者： Rauf, Rose H. Abdul Berger, Ulrich Setzer, Anton Univ Teknol MARA Fac Informat Syst & Quantitat Sci Shah Alam 40450 Selangor De Malaysia Univ Wales Swansea Dept Comp Sci Swansea SA2 8PP W Glam Wales

We introduce a translation of the simply typed lambda-calculus into C++, and give a mathematical proof of the correctness of this translation. For this purpose we develop a suitable fragment of C++ together with a denotational semantics. We introduce a formal translation of the lambda-calculus into this fragment, and show that this translation is correct with respect to the denotational semantics. We show as well a completeness result, namely that by translating lambda-terms we obtain essentially all C++ terms in this fragment. We introduce a mathematical model for the evaluation of programs of this fragment, and show that the evaluation computes the correct result with respect to this semantics.

关键词： Functional programming object-oriented programming Inheritance Simply typed lambda-calculus Denotational semantics Kripke-style logical relation Correctness proof

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Quantitatively measuring object-oriented couplings

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SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2008年第4期16卷 489-512页

作者： Offutt, Jeff Abdurazik, Aynur Schach, Stephen R. George Mason Univ Informat & Software Engn Dept Fairfax VA 22030 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Nashville TN 37235 USA

One key to several quality factors of software is the way components are connected. Software coupling can be used to estimate a number of quality factors, including maintainability, complexity, and reliability. object-oriented languages are designed to reduce the number of dependencies among classes, which encourages separation of concerns and should reduce the amount of coupling. At the same time, the object-oriented language features change the way the connections are made, how they must be analyzed, and how they are measured. This paper discusses software couplings based on object-oriented relationships between classes, specifically focusing on types of couplings that are not available until after the implementation is completed, and presents a static analysis tool that measures couplings among classes in Java packages. Data from evaluating the tool on several open-source projects are provided. The coupling measurement is based on source code, which has the advantage of being quantitative and more precise than previous measures, but the disadvantage of not being available before implementation, and thus not useful for some predictive efforts.

关键词： object-oriented programming Quality analysis and evaluation Analysis Complexity measures Maintainability Test execution

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Extending grammars and metamodels for reuse: the Reuseware approach

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IET SOFTWARE 2008年第3期2卷 165-184页

作者： Henriksson, J. Heidenreich, F. Johannes, J. Zschaler, S. Assmann, U. Tech Univ Dresden Fak Informat D-01062 Dresden Germany

The trend towards domain-specific languages leads to an ever-growing plethora of highly specialised languages. Developers of such languages focus on their specific domains rather than on the technical challenges of language design. The generic features of languages are rarely included in special-purpose languages. One very important feature is the ability to formulate partial programs in separate encapsulated entities, which can be composed into complete programs in a well-defined manner. A language-independent approach is presented that adds useful constructs for de. ning components. The authors discuss the underlying concepts and describe a composition environment and tool supporting these ideas - the Reuseware Composition Framework. To evaluate this approach, the authors enrich the (Semantic) Web query language Xcerpt with an additional useful reuse concept - modules.

关键词： metamodel domain-specific languages software reuse Formal languages and computational linguistics software reusability semantic Web query language grammar Software engineering techniques software component grammars object-oriented programming object-oriented programming data encapsulation

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Aspect-oriented Prolog in a language processing context

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IET SOFTWARE 2008年第3期2卷 241-259页

作者： Lohmann, W. Riedewald, G. Wachsmuth, G. Univ Rostock D-18051 Rostock Germany Humboldt Univ D-12489 Berlin Germany

Language processors can be derived from logic grammars. That several concerns in the processor such as parsing, several kinds of analysis or transformations, can be specified as aspects of the logic grammar is demonstred. For that purpose, the authors bring the concepts of aspect-oriented programming to Prolog in a systematic way, based on established Prolog technology. The authors illustrate that typical Prolog programming techniques can be described as generic aspects and provided in a library to support reusable concerns. A domain-specific language (DSL) is developed to improve readability of aspect-oriented specifications.

关键词： aspect-oriented PROLOG Logic programming program compiler Compilers, interpreters and other processors logic grammar program compilers PROLOG grammars domain-specific language PROLOG programming techniques object-oriented programming object-oriented programming language processing context Formal languages and computational linguistics

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Towards Adaptive programming Integrating Reinforcement Learning into a programming Language

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2008年第10期43卷 603-613页

作者： Simpkins, Christopher Bhat, Sooraj Isbell, Charles, Jr. Mateas, Michael Georgia Inst Technol Coll Comp Atlanta GA 30332 USA Univ Calif Santa Cruz Dept Comp Sci Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

Current programming languages and software engineering paradigms are proving insufficient for building intelligent multi-agent systems-such as interactive games and narratives-where developers are called upon to write increasingly complex behavior for agents in dynamic environments. A promising solution is to build adaptive systems;that is, to develop software written specifically to adapt to its environment by changing its behavior in response to what it observes in the world. In this paper we describe a new programming language, An Adaptive Behavior Language (A(2)BL), that implements adaptive programming primitives to support partial programming, a paradigm in which a programmer need only specify the details of behavior known at code-writing time, leaving the run-time system to learn the rest. Partial programming enables programmers to more easily encode software agents that are difficult to write in existing languages that do not offer language-level support for adaptivity. We motivate the use of partial programming with an example agent coded in a cutting-edge, but non-adaptive agent programming language (ABL), and show how A(2)BL can encode the same agent much more naturally.

关键词： Algorithms Languages Design Adaptive programming Reinforcement Learning Partial programming object-oriented programming

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PyTrilinos: High-performance distributed-memory solvers for python

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE 2008年第2期34卷 1–33页

作者： Sala, Marzio Spotz, W. F. Heroux, M. A. Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

PyTrilinos is a collection of Python modules that are useful for serial and parallel scientific computing. This collection contains modules that cover serial and parallel dense linear algebra, serial and parallel sparse linear algebra, direct and iterative linear solution techniques, domain decomposition and multilevel preconditioners, nonlinear solvers, and continuation algorithms. Also included are a variety of related utility functions and classes, including distributed I/O, coloring algorithms, and matrix generation. PyTrilinos vector objects are integrated with the popular NumPy Python module, gathering together a variety of high-level distributed computing operations with serial vector operations. PyTrilinos is a set of interfaces to existing, compiled libraries. This hybrid framework uses Python as front-end, and efficient precompiled libraries for all computationally expensive tasks. Thus, we take advantage of both the flexibility and ease of use of Python, and the efficiency of the underlying C++, C, and FORTRAN numerical kernels. Out numerical results show that, for many important problem classes, the overhead required by the Python interpreter is negligible. To run in parallel, PyTrilinos simply requires a standard Python interpreter. The fundamental MPI calls are encapsulated under an abstract layer that manages all interprocessor communications. This makes serial and parallel scripts using PyTrilinos virtually identical.

关键词： design languages performance object-oriented programming script languages direct solvers multilevel preconditioners nonlinear solvers

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Design patterns for real-time distributed control system benchmarking

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ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 2008年第5期24卷 606-615页

作者： Soundararajan, Karthik Brennan, Robert W. Univ Calgary Schulich Sch Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada

In this paper, we describe the design and development of a simulation-agent interface for real-time distributed control system benchmarking. This work is motivated by the need to test the feasibility of extending agent-based systems to the physical device level in manufacturing and other industrial automation systems. Our work focuses on the development of hybrid physical/simulation environment that can be used to perform tests at both the physical device level, as well as the planning and scheduling level of control. As part of this work, we have extended the proxy design pattern for this application. This paper focuses on the resulting software design pattern for distributed control system benchmarking and provides examples of its use in our hybrid physical/simulation environment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed control IEC 61499 object-oriented programming discrete-event simulation

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