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Assume-guarantee testing for software components

IET SOFTWARE 2008年第6期2卷 547-562页

作者： Giannakopoulou, D. Pasareanu, C. S. Blundell, C. NASA Ames Res Ctr CMU Moffett Field CA 94035 USA Univ Penn Dept Comp & Inf Sci Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Integration issues of component-based systems tend to be targeted at the later phases of the software development, mostly after components have been assembled to form an executable system. However, errors discovered at these phases are typically hard to localise and expensive to. x. To address this problem, the authors introduce assume-guarantee testing, a technique that establishes key properties of a component-based system before component assembly, when the cost of. xing errors is smaller. Assume-guarantee testing is based on the ( automated) decomposition of system-level requirements into local component requirements at design time. The local requirements are in the form of assumptions and guarantees that each component makes on, or provides to the system, respectively. Checking requirements is performed during testing of individual components (i.e. unit testing) and it may uncover system-level violations prior to system testing. Furthermore, assume-guarantee testing may detect such violations with a higher probability than traditional testing. The authors also discuss an alternative technique, namely predictive testing, that uses the local component assumptions and guarantees to test assembled systems: given a non-violating system run, this technique can predict violations by alternative system runs without constructing those runs. The authors demonstrate the proposed approach and its benefits by means of two NASA case studies: a safety-critical protocol for autonomous rendez-vous and docking and the executive subsystem of the planetary rover controller K9.

关键词： software component testing component-based systems assume-guarantee testing system testing object-oriented programming Software engineering techniques program testing object-oriented programming software engineering software development system-level decomposition Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating systems

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Expressive and safe static reflection with MorphJ

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2008年第6期43卷 79-89页

作者： Huang, Shan Shan Smaragdakis, Yannis Georgia Inst Technol Coll Comp Atlanta GA 30332 USA Univ Oregon Dept Comp & Informat Sci Eugene OR 97403 USA

Recently, language extensions have been proposed for Java and C# to support pattern-based reflective declaration. These extensions introduce a disciplined form of meta-programming and aspect-oriented programming to mainstream languages: They allow members of a class (i.e., fields and methods) to be declared by statically iterating over and pattern-matching on members of other classes. Such techniques, however, have been unable to safely express simple, but common, idioms such as declaring getter and setter methods for fields. In this paper, we present a mechanism that addresses the lack of expressiveness in past work without sacrificing safety. Our technique is based on the idea of nested patterns that elaborate the outer-most pattern with blocking or enabling conditions. We implemented this mechanism in a language, MorphJ. We demonstrate the expressiveness of MorphJ with real-world applications. In particular, the MorphJ reimplementation of DSTM2, a software transactional memory library, reduces 1,107 lines of Java reflection and bytecode engineering library calls to just 374 lines of MorphJ code. At the same time, the MorphJ solution is both high level and safer, as MorphJ can separately type check generic classes and catch errors early. We present and formalize the MorphJ type system, and offer a type-checking algorithm.

关键词： languages object-oriented programming structural abstraction class morphing aspect-oriented programming meta-programming language extensions

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Generative aspect-oriented component adaptation

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IET SOFTWARE 2008年第2期2卷 149-160页

作者： Liu, X. Feng, Y. Kerridge, J. Napier Polytech Sch Comp Edinburgh EH10 5DT Midlothian Scotland

As a solution to eliminating component mismatches, a generative aspect- oriented approach to component adaptation is presented. The approach enjoys high level of automation and capability of deep level adaptation, which is achieved in an aspect-oriented component adaptation framework by generating and then applying the adaptation aspects under designed weaving process. The aspect generation mechanism facilitates the creation of adaptation aspects that support specific adaptation requirements. An expandable repository of reusable adaptation aspects has been developed based on the proposed two-dimensional aspect model. A prototype tool is built to as a leverage of the approach.

关键词： designed weaving process object-oriented programming generative aspect-oriented component adaptation object-oriented programming

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Performance study of GasTurbnLab, an agent-based multi-physics problem solving environment for the gas turbine engine simulation

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING 2008年第3期8卷 031008页

作者： Tsompanopoulou, Panagiota E. Univ Thessaly Dept Comp & Telecommun Engn Volos 38221 Greece

Multiphysics applications are real world problems with a large number of different shape components that obey different physical laws and manufacturing constraints and interact with each other through geometric and physical interfaces. They demand accurate and efficient solutions and a modern type of computational modeling, which designs the whole physical system with as much detail as possible. The simulation of gas turbine engine is such a multiphysics application and is realized with GasTurbnLab, an agent-based Multiphysics Problem Solving Environment (MPSE). Its performance and evaluation study is presented in this paper. For this, a short description of the software components and hardware infrastructure is given. The performance and the scalability of the parallelism are depicted, and the communication overhead between agents is studied with respect to the number of agents and their location in the "computational grid." The execution time is recorded, and its analysis verifies the complexity of the solvers in use and the performance of the available hardware. Three different clusters of INTEL Pentium processors were used for experimentation to study how the communication time was affected by processor's homogeneity/heterogeneity and the different connections between the processors. The study of the numerical experiments shows that the domain decomposition and interface relaxation methodology, along with the usage of agent platforms, does not increase the complexity of the simulation problem, and the communication cost is too low, compared with the computations, to reflect on the total simulation time. Therefore, GasTurbnLab is an efficient example of a complex physical phenomena simulation.

关键词： Computation software architecture Simulation parallel processing Physics Computer software Gas turbines Relaxation (Physics) grid computing digital simulation multi-agent systems mechanical engineering computing gas turbines engines object-oriented programming Engines

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Process-based simulation library SALMO-OO for lake ecosystems. Part 1: object-oriented implementation and validation

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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS 2008年第2期3卷 170-180页

作者： Recknagel, Friedrich Cetin, Lydia Zhang, Byron Univ Adelaide Sch Earth & Environm Sci Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

The process-based simulation library SALMO-OO represents an object-oriented implementation of mass balance equations for pelagic food webs consisting of diatoms, green algae, blue-green algae and cladocerans, as well as nutrient cycles based on PO4-P, NO3-N, DO and detritus in lakes. It gains its structural flexibility from alternative process representations for algal growth and grazing, and zooplankton growth and mortality. Generic model structures of SALMO-OO were determined for three lake categories classified by circulation types reflecting the local climate and morphometry of lakes, and by trophic states reflecting community structures and habitat properties of lakes. Data of six lakes belonging to either of the three lake categories were used to validate the lake category specific structures of SALMO-OO. The study has demonstrated that: (1) JAVA suits well for object-oriented implementations of ecological simulation libraries, (2) object-oriented simulation libraries facilitate the identification of generic model structures for ecosystem categories. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： SALMO-OO lake simulation library object-oriented programming Java lake categories validation scenario analysis model sharing

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Data reconciliation: Development of an object-oriented software tool

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KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2008年第5期25卷 955-965页

作者： Farzi, Ati Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Arjomand Boozarjomehry, Ramin Bozorgmehry Isfahan Univ Technol Dept Chem Engn Esfahan Iran Sharif Univ Technol Dept Chem & Petr Engn Tehran Iran

object-oriented modeling methodology is used for encapsulating different methods and attributes of data reconciliation (DR) in classes. Classes which are defined for DR, cover steady-state, dynamic, linear and nonlinear DR problems. Two main classes are Constraints and DR and defined for manipulating constraints and general DR problem. The remaining classes are derived from these two classes. A class namely DDRMethod is developed for encapsulating all common attributes and methods needed for any DDR method. Developed DR software and the method of performing dynamic DR are discussed in this paper. Two illustrative examples of Extended Kalman Filtering and artificial neural networks are used for DDR and two classes of DDRByKalman and NetDDRMethod developed by inheritance from DDRMethod class for these two methods. Performance of the proposed method is investigated by DDR of temperature measurements of a distillation column.

关键词： Data Reconciliation object-oriented programming Extended Kalman Filtering Artificial Neural Network Dynamic Simulation

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A Quantitative Study of GUI versus Text-based object-oriented Instruction

A Quantitative Study of GUI versus Text-based Object-Oriente...

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IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference 2008

作者： Andersen, Per Mengel, Susan Texas Tech Univ Dept Comp Sci Lubbock TX 79409 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424419692

Introductory object-oriented programming is considered difficult to teach and a number of different methodologies have been proposed to address this difficulty. One method, which is reported in this paper, involves the use of graphical user interfaces (GUI's). The research question developed for this study is as follows: Does any statistical difference exist in test scores between a control group using text-based object-oriented programming (OOP) and a test group using GUI-based OOP? To answer this research question, quantitative data was collected through the use of common questions on the final CS2 exam for both groups. Data was collected over a period of 3 class offerings for five multiple-choice questions and one question requiring programming. No statistical difference between the groups was found for either the 5 multiple-choice questions or the open programming question. An analysis of the final CS2 course letter grade showed no significant difference between the test and control groups. Further, students who participated in the first year of the study were tracked through Data Structures, the course which follows CS2 in the curriculum sequence. A statistical analysis of the final letter grade for found no significant statistical difference between control and test groups.

关键词： Quantitative Study object-oriented programming

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Automatic construction of a bug library for object-oriented novice Java programmer errors

Automatic construction of a bug library for object-oriented ...

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9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems

作者： Suarez, Merlin Sison, Raymund De La Salle Univ Coll Comp Studies Manila 1004 Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9783540691303

Machine learning techniques have been applied to the task of student modeling, more so in building tutors for acquiring programming skill. These were developed for various languages (Pascal, Prolog, Lisp, C++) and programming paradigms (procedural and declarative) but never for object-oriented programming in Java. JavaBugs builds a bug library automatically using discrepancies between a student and correct program. While other works analyze code snippets or UML diagrams to infer student knowledge of object-oriented design and programming, JavaBugs examines a complete Java program and identifies the most similar correct program to the student's solution among a collection of correct solutions and builds trees of misconceptions using similarity measures and background knowledge. Experiments show that JavaBugs can detect the most similar correct program 97% of the time, and discover and detect 61.4% of student misconceptions identified by the expert.

关键词： automatic bug library construction Java errors object-oriented programming multistrategy learning

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Studying Students' Conceptual Grasp of OOP Concepts in Two Interactive programming Environments

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1st World Summit on the Knowledge Society (WSKS 2008)

作者： Xinogalos, Stelios Univ Macedonia Dept Appl Informat Thessaloniki 54006 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9783540877820

Teaching object oriented programming (OOP) to novices is widely known to be quite problematic Students might be able to write a piece of code in an OOP language, usually Java, but their conceptual grasp of object-oriented concepts seems to he limited. This leads to poor implementation of object-oriented concepts and inability to take advantage of the strengths of OOP. Various teaching approaches and specially designed programming environments have been proposed for supporting the teaching and learning of OOP. In this paper. we present our findings regarding students' conceptual grasp of OOP concepts in two distinct educational programming environments: Blue J and object Karel. Their special feature in comparison with similar environments is that they are highly interactive.

关键词： Interactive programming Environments object-oriented programming Educational Software Computer Science Education Research

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object-oriented Parallelisation: Improved and Extended Parallel Iterator

Object-Oriented Parallelisation: Improved and Extended Paral...

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14th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems

作者： Giacaman, Nasser Sinnen, Oliver Akeila, Lama Univ Auckland Dept Elect & Comp Engn Auckland 1 New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9780769534343

The need to parallelise desktop applications is becoming increasingly essential with the mainstream adoption of multi-cores. In object-oriented languages, sequential iterators handle iterative computations of a sequential program;similarly, the parallel iterator was developed to handle the iterative computations of a parallel program. This paper presents the progress of the parallel iterator concept. New features, such as support for reductions and global break semantics, allow the parallel iterator to undertake more situations. With a slight contract modification, the parallel iterator interface now imitates that of the sequential iterator. All these features combine together to promote minimal, if any, code restructuring. The reduction frequently outperforms related work and the importance of providing simple and flexible fine-tuning capability is affirmed.

关键词： parallel computing object-oriented programming parallel iterator loop scheduling reductions

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