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Large-scale hydropower system optimization using dynamic programming and object-oriented programming: the case of the Northeast China Power Grid

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WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013年第11期68卷 2458-2467页

作者： Li, Ji-Qing Zhang, Yu-Shan Ji, Chang-Ming Wang, Ai-Jing Lund, Jay R. North China Elect Power Univ Renewable Energy Sch Natl Engn Lab Biomass Power Generat Equipment Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Project Commiss State Council Off South To North Water Div Beijing 100053 Peoples R China Univ Calif Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

This paper examines long-term optimal operation using dynamic programming for a large hydropower system of 10 reservoirs in Northeast China. Besides considering flow and hydraulic head, the optimization explicitly includes time-varying electricity market prices to maximize benefit. Two techniques are used to reduce the 'curse of dimensionality' of dynamic programming with many reservoirs. Discrete differential dynamic programming (DDDP) reduces the search space and computer memory needed. object-oriented programming (OOP) and the ability to dynamically allocate and release memory with the C++ language greatly reduces the cumulative effect of computer memory for solving multi-dimensional dynamic programming models. The case study shows that the model can reduce the 'curse of dimensionality' and achieve satisfactory results.

关键词： discrete differential dynamic programming long-term optimal scheduling model object-oriented programming parallel and serial hydroelectric power stations

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IET SOFTWARE 2023年第3期17卷 316-332页

作者： Li, Jiandong Liu, Shaoying Hiroshima Univ Grad Sch Adv Sci & Engn 1-3-2 Kagamiyama Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 7398511 Japan

Software faults are costly to find and remove from programs. It is better to avoid inserting the faults in the first place. The authors identify requirements-related faults that can arise during the transformation of formal specifications into programs, analyse each to discover its causes, and propose corresponding fault prevention methods. The approach works by analysing a specification, decomposing it into specification fragments with different levels like components, determining the correct implementation order among the components, and enabling automated code generation for the components and other low-level specification fragments. The approach seeks to reduce the faults in programs significantly by guiding programmers to work effectively and productively. The authors evaluate the approach's performance experimentally and compare it to the performance of a fault-prevention method with industry applications.

关键词： formal specification object-oriented programming software development management software quality software reliability

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HERAS: A Modular Matlab Tool Using Physical Optics for the Analysis of Reflector Antennas

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SENSORS 2023年第3期23卷 1425页

作者： Baldominos, Alejandro Mercader-Pellicer, Salvador Goussetis, George Mengali, Alberto Fonseca, Nelson J. G. Heriot Watt Univ Inst Sensors Signals & Syst Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland European Space Agcy Antenna & Submillimetre Waves Sect NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk Netherlands European Space Agcy Telecom Syst & Tech Sect NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk Netherlands

HERAS is a tool developed in Matlab for the analysis of reflector antennas using physical optics (PO) theory. Its graphical user interface (GUI) and source code are freely available for educational and research purposes. It has the necessity of being a flexible tool to provide adaptability to system engineering requirements and can also be of interest to antenna engineers working on the design of reflector antennas. Due to the increasing demand of broadband services, satellite communications systems are becoming highly complex in order to meet connectivity requirements. To fully exploit the benefits of these systems, multidimensional optimisations are crucial, which call for an efficient estimation of the coverage characteristics. Reflector-based solutions are one of the preferred architectures for very high-throughput satellite (VHTS) systems. A detailed description of HERAS is presented in this paper which has been validated with available commercial software packages. In addition, some examples are described in which the tool has been used for the efficient estimation of VHTS systems performance.

关键词： physical optics reflector antennas object-oriented programming multi-beam antennas

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Arbitrary-oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction for complex crossing road in aerial view

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2023年第12期17卷 2419-2431页

作者： Li, Shuang Liu, Chunsheng Chen, Luchang Qilu Univ Technol Shandong Acad Sci Sch Informat & Automat Engn Jinan Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Control Sci & Engn Jinan Peoples R China Qilu Univ Technol Shandong Acad Sci Sch Informat & Automat Engn Jinan 250353 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Control Sci & Engn Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

Different from object detection in natural images, aerial-view object detection faces special challenges with large changes in object orientation and wide multi-scale distribution. Many methods based on oriented Bounding Boxes (OBB) can reach accurate results, yet may face the problem of parameter mutation and axis prediction deviation. To address these problems, a two-stage detection framework is proposed for arbitrary-oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction, named Axis Prediction Network. First, a Deformable Convolution Fusion Module (DCF-Module) is proposed to enhance the ability of FPN to extract multi-scale semantic features, for dealing with the multi-scale change of objects. Then, the axis heat-map prediction head network is proposed to fit the long axis of oriented objects labeled with Gaussian model, which uses pixel-by-pixel prediction heatmap to calculate the long axis of the object, avoiding the angle mutation of an OBB. Last, the long and short side prediction head network is proposed to predict the shape of an oriented object, avoiding the mutation of the width and height of an OBB. The experiments are conducted on the new built Crossroad dataset and the public DOTA dataset. Experiment results show that the proposed method achieve good performance in arbitrary-oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction in aerial view.

关键词： computer vision image processing intelligent transportation systems object detection object-oriented programming neural net architecture

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A mapping study of language features improving object-oriented design patterns

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2023年第1期160卷

作者： Flageol, William Menaud, Eloi Gueheneuc, Yann-Gael Badri, Mourad Monnier, Stefan Concordia Univ 1455 Blvd Maisonneuve Ouest Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada IMT Atlantique 4 Rue Alfred Kastler F-44300 Nantes France Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres 3351 Blvd Forges Trois Rivieres PQ G8Z 4M3 Canada Univ Montreal CP 6128 Ctr Ville Montreal PQ H3C 3J7 Canada

Context: object-oriented programming design patterns are well-known in the industry and taught in universities as part of software engineering curricula. Many primary studies exist on the impact of design patterns on software, in addition to secondary studies summarizing these publications. Some primary studies have proposed new language features and used them to re-implement design patterns as a way to show improvements. While secondary studies exist, they mainly focus on measuring the impact of design patterns on software. objectives: We performed a systematic mapping study to catalogue language features in the literature claiming to improve object-oriented design patterns implementations, as well as how primary studies measure these improvements. Methods: We performed a search in three databases, yielding a total of 874 papers, from which we obtained 34 relevant papers. We extracted and studied data about the language features claiming to improve design patterns implementations, the most often cited design patterns, the measures used to assess the improvements, and the case studies and experiments with which these improvements were studied. Results: Using the results, we catalogue 18 language features claimed in the literature to improve design patterns and categorize them into paradigms. We find that some design patterns are more prevalent than others, such as Observer and Visitor. Measures related to code size, code scattering and understandability are preferred. Case studies are done in-vitro, and experiments are rare. Conclusion: This catalogue is useful to identify trends and create a road map for research on language features to improve object-oriented design patterns. Considering the prevalence of design patterns, improving their implementation and adding language features to better solve their underlying concerns is an efficient way to improve object-oriented programming. We intend in the future to use this as a basis to research specific language feature

关键词： Systematic mapping study Design patterns object-oriented programming Language features Software measures programming paradigms

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Energy efficiency of the Visitor Pattern: contrasting Java and C plus plus implementations

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2023年第6期28卷 145-145页

作者： Bree, Deaglan Connolly O Cinneide, Mel Univ Coll Dublin Sch Comp Sci Dublin Ireland

Design patterns are applied frequently during software evolution in order to make the software more flexible and amenable to extension. One little-studied aspect of design patterns is their propensity to increase run-time energy consumption due to the indirection and additional structure they introduce. In this paper we study the impact of the Visitor pattern on energy efficiency. The Visitor pattern separates an algorithm from the objects it acts upon and improves maintainability by placing each algorithm within a single visitor class. This is at the cost of increased indirection due to the double dispatch required when the algorithm is invoked. We experimentally investigate the energy impact of varying the implementation of this pattern, and of removing the pattern entirely from software written in Java and C++. In our results we observe energy consumption reductions greater than 7% in a Java-based textbook example when the pattern is implemented using reflective dispatch, and reductions of over 10% when experimenting with an open source Java project, JavaParser. The complete removal of the pattern yields more complex results, with little impact in the textbook example but reductions of over 7% in the JavaParser study. To explore the generalisability of our findings, we subsequently apply the same transformations to the C++ based CppParser. Total pattern removal here sees energy consumption reductions of over 66% while the reflective dispatch approach increases energy consumption by up to 2012%. Our results highlight the energy savings that can be achieved when the Visitor pattern is removed both in Java and C++ implementations, and also show that some language specific features can allow for further energy savings when the implementation of the pattern is varied.

关键词： Empirical Design patterns Visitor pattern Green technology Energy efficiency Refactoring Software transformation Software design object-oriented programming

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GENASIS MATHEMATICS: object-oriented manifolds, operations, and solvers for large-scale physics simulations (version 2)

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COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2023年 282卷

作者： Cardall, Christian Y. Budiardja, Reuben D. Oak Ridge Natl Lab Div Phys Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Oak Ridge Natl Lab Natl Ctr Computat Sci POB 2009 Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

GENASIS Mathematics provides modern Fortran classes furnishing extensible object-oriented function-ality for the solution of fields governed by selected partial differential equations. The initial release included extensible object-oriented implementations of simple meshes and the evolution of generic con-served currents thereon. This revision-Version 2 of Mathematics-includes significant reorganization and streamlining of these classes, higher-order reconstruction by a different method, a Poisson solver, coarsening to avoid Courant time step limitations near coordinate singularities, and the offloading of computational kernels to GPUs. New version program summary Program Title: HomogeneousSpheroid, RectangularContraction, RectangularExpansion, SphericalContraction, SphericalExpansion (example problems illustrating GenASiS Mathematics) CPC Library link to program files: https://***/10.17632/mzvxngwtw6.2 Developer's repository link: https://***/GenASiS Code Ocean capsule: https://***/capsule/4106782 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 programming language: Modern Fortran;OpenMP (tested with recent versions of GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), Cray Compiler Environment (CCE), IBM XL Fortran compiler) Journal reference of previous version: Computer Physics Communications 222 (2018) 384 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Reasons for the new version: This version includes significant reorganization and streamlining, higher-order reconstruction by a different method, a Poisson solver, coarsening to avoid Courant time step limitations near coordinate singularities, and the offloading of computational kernels to GPUs. Summary of revisions: The left part of Fig. 1 shows the revised structure of GenASiS Mathematics. The Algebra and Calculus divisions contain relatively simple stand-alone functionality for such tasks as root finding, interpolation, numerical integration, and the solution of ordinary differential equations. The major functionali

关键词： Simulation framework object-oriented programming Modern fortran GPU-accelerated simulation OpenMP offload Partial differential equations Meshing Conservation laws

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Software Architecture for object Detection in Images Based on Color Features with Integrated Artificial Intelligence 14th

Software Architecture for Object Detection in Images Based o...

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14th International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design (BMSD)

作者： Tsonkov, Georgi Garvanova, Gabriela Garvanov, Ivan Garvanova, Magdalena Elektro Mech Sonnenschein GmbH Bischofswiesen Germany Univ Lib Studies & Informat Technol Sofia Bulgaria Bulgarian Acad Sci Inst Informat & Commun Technol Sofia Bulgaria

ISBN: (纸本)9783031640728;9783031640735

This article proposes a software architecture for object detection in video materials, integrating advanced object recognition through the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and the capabilities of an object detection algorithm employing color characteristics. The proposed algorithm significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of detection, enabling better adaptation to varying lighting conditions and a diversity of objects. The article highlights how the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning can enrich the analysis of video data, offering new possibilities for application in various domains.

关键词： Software architecture object-oriented programming artificial intelligence

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A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words: Exploring Diagram and Video-Based OOP Exercises to Counter LLM Over-Reliance 19th

A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words: Exploring Diagram and V...

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19th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL)

作者： Cipriano, Bruno Pereira Alves, Pedro Denny, Paul Lusofona Univ Campo Grande 376 Lisbon Portugal Univ Auckland Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9783031723148;9783031723155

Much research has highlighted the impressive capabilities of large language models (LLMs), like GPT and Bard, for solving introductory programming exercises. Recent work has shown that LLMs can effectively solve a range of more complex object-oriented programming (OOP) exercises with text-based specifications. This raises concerns about academic integrity, as students might use these models to complete assignments unethically, neglecting the development of important skills such as program design, problem-solving, and computational thinking. To address this, we propose an innovative approach to formulating OOP tasks using diagrams and videos, as a way to foster problem-solving and deter students from a "copy-and-prompt" approach in OOP courses. We introduce a novel notation system for specifying OOP assignments, encompassing structural and behavioral requirements, and assess its use in a classroom setting over a semester. Student perceptions of this approach are explored through a survey (n = 56). Generally, students responded positively to diagrams and videos, with video-based projects being better received than diagram-based exercises. This notation appears to have several benefits, with students investing more effort in understanding the diagrams and feeling more motivated to engage with the video-based projects. Furthermore, students reported being less inclined to rely on LLM-based code generation tools for these diagram and video-based exercises. Experiments with the vision-based capabilities of GPT-4 and Bard revealed that they currently fall short in generating accurate code solutions from these visual specifications.

关键词： object-oriented programming large language models

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Comparing the Experiences of Live Coding versus Static Code Examples for Students and Instructors 29

Comparing the Experiences of Live Coding versus Static Code ...

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29th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE)

作者： Watkins, Andrea Miller, Craig S. Settle, Amber Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA DePaul Univ Chicago IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706004

Introductory programming courses can be taught in a variety of ways, including live coding, where instructors write code in real-time in front of students, or static code examples, where pre-prepared code is explained to students. While previous studies have compared live coding and static coding and their impacts on student assessment and cognitive load in large lecture environments, we present our experiences in a single lab session, highlighting student engagement differences. After presenting the same material to groups of students through a live-coding presentation and a static code presentation, we reflect on the observable differences in student engagement through an established framework of cognitive engagement. Additionally, we compare pre-surveys, post-tests, and cognitive load surveys from both groups. While our findings did not result in significant differences in student assessments, our experience highlighted differences between live and static code presentations. Live coding presentations can often take up to twice as long as static code presentations. Students may tend to ask more questions in live coding presentations, suggesting live coding provides instructors and students with more opportunities for further discussion. Live coding may also provide the instructor with additional opportunities to discuss other concepts that may not have been included in a pre-prepared presentation.

关键词： cognitive load engagement live coding object-oriented programming static code examples

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