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A Model-Driven Approach on object-oriented PLC Programming for Manufacturing Systems with Regard to Usability

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2015年第3期11卷 790-800页

作者： Obermeier, Martin Braun, Steven Vogel-Heuser, Birgit Tech Univ Munich Inst Automat & Informat Syst D-85748 Munich Germany

This paper presents the modular automation for reuse in manufacturing systems (modAT4rMS) approach to support the model-driven engineering (MDE) of object-oriented manufacturing automation software with regard to its usability and software modularity. With usability, we refer to the aspects' effectiveness, efficiency, and user acceptance as defined by ISO 9241-11. The modAT4rMS notations are based on selected features from the unified modeling language (UML) and the systems modeling language (SysML), and iteratively further developed by a series of empirical studies with industrial practitioners, as well as mechatronics trainees. With modAT4rMS, an MDE approach for programmable logic controller (PLC) programming was developed with the goal to facilitate modular object-oriented programming of PLC software by improving the representation of the relationships between the structure and behavior diagram types, and by reducing the level of abstraction in the structure model. modAT4rMS notations for PLC software structure and software behavior modeling are presented and illustrated with a modeling example using a modAT4rMS editor prototype. For the evaluation of the developed notations, the results from a study with 168 participants are presented, showing the benefits of this new approach in comparison with the classic procedural paradigm (IEC 61131-3) and the domain-specific UML profile (plcML) in regard to programming performance and usability aspects. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed, and an outlook for further development is given.

关键词： Manufacturing systems (MSs) model-driven development model-driven engineering (MDE) object-oriented modeling object-oriented software engineering usability

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Extended object Model for Product Configuration Design

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2010年第3期7卷 289-294页

作者： Zhi-Wei Xu Ze-Zhong Liang Zhong-Qi Sheng School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 PRC

This paper presents an extended object model for case-based reasoning （CBR） in product configuration design. In the extended object model, a few methods of knowledge expression are adopted, such as constraints, rules, objects, etc. On the basis of extended object model, case representation model for CBR is applied to product configuration design system. The product configuration knowledge can be represented by the extended object. The model can support all the processes of CBR in product configuration design, such as case representation, indexing, retrieving, and case revising. The presented model is an extension of the traditional object-oriented model by including the relationship class used to express the relation between the cases, constraints class used in the product configuration knowledge representation, index class used in ease retrieving, and solution class used in case revising. Therefore, the product configuration knowledge used in the product configuration design can be represented by using this model. In the end, a metering pump product configuration design system is developed on the basis of the proposed product configuration model to support customized products.

关键词： Mass customization product configuration case-based reasoning (CBR) object-oriented modeling case representation.

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Towards an Ontology for Scenario Definition for the Assessment of Automated Vehicles: An object-oriented Framework

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES 2022年第2期7卷 300-314页

作者： de Gelder, Erwin Paardekooper, Jan-Pieter Saberi, Arash Khabbaz Elrofai, Hala Op den Camp, Olaf Kraines, Steven Ploeg, Jeroen De Schutter, Bart TNO Dept Integrated Vehicle Safety NL-5708 JZ Helmond Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Delft Ctr Syst & Control NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav NL-6525 XZ Nijmegen Netherlands Automated Driving Prod Unit TomTom NL-5656 Eindhoven Netherlands Eindhoven Univ Technol Mobile Percept Syst Lab NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands Symphony Co Tokyo 7320068 Japan 2Getthere NL-3543 AE Utrecht Netherlands Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Mech Engn Dynam & Control Grp NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands

The development of new assessment methods for the performance of automated vehicles is essential to enable the deployment of automated driving technologies, due to the complex operational domain of automated vehicles. One contributing method is scenario-based assessment in which test cases are derived from real-world road traffic scenarios obtained from driving data. Given the complexity of the reality that is being modeled in these scenarios, it is a challenge to define a structure for capturing these scenarios. An intensional definition that provides a set of characteristics that are deemed to be both necessary and sufficient to qualify as a scenario assures that the scenarios constructed are both complete and intercomparable. In this article, we develop a comprehensive and operable definition of the notion of scenario while considering existing definitions in the literature. This is achieved by proposing an object-oriented framework in which scenarios and their building blocks are defined as classes of objects having attributes, methods, and relationships with other objects. The object-oriented approach promotes clarity, modularity, reusability, and encapsulation of the objects. We provide definitions and justifications of each of the terms. Furthermore, the framework is used to translate the terms in a coding language that is publicly available.

关键词： object oriented modeling Vehicle dynamics Encoding Ontologies Mathematical models Safety Intelligent vehicles Automatic testing autonomous vehicles intelligent vehicles object-oriented modeling performance evaluation system testing vehicle safety

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object-oriented simulator design for an automated high-speed modular placement machine family

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SIMULATION 1999年第6期73卷 341-351页

作者： Csaszar, P Tirpak, TM Nelson, PC Motorola Inc Ctr Adv Technol Schaumburg IL 60196 USA Univ Illinois Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Artificial Intelligence Lab Chicago IL USA

This paper introduces the computer model established for a new family of modular type, multi-station walking beam high-speed chip mounter (also called chip shooter;) machines, and the implemented high-accuracy simulation software. The objective of the project ions the development of a comprehensive simulation tool that can replace the real machines in experiments regarding system analysis and setup, yet provide accurate cycle time estimation. The thorough analysis of the machines led to-the understanding of the characteristics of each part of the system, as well as the hierarchy of the parts and the interaction between them. This well-defined hierarchy and separability of different parts suggest the object-oriented paradigm for the implementation of the simulation software. This paper highlights the major goals successfully addressed by the developed software: the identification of the system hierarchy with its representation in a C++ class structure, the implementation providing code efficiency, and the design of I/O features that prepare the simulator to be embedded in an optimization procedure.

关键词： simulator design automated PWB placement machines cycle time estimation object-oriented modeling optimization support

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GUIDING object-oriented DESIGN VIA THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ARCHITECTURE -THE IRRIGATED WHEAT TESTBED

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MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING 1994年第8期20卷 1-16页

作者： SCHROEDER, K KAMEL, A STICKLEN, J WARD, R RITCHIE, J SCHULTHESS, U RAFEA, A SALAH, A MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DEPT CROP & SOIL SCIE LANSINGMI 48824 MINIST AGR & LAND RECLAMAT AGR RES CTRCENT LAB AG EXPERT SYSTCAIROEGYPT

In this paper, we detail our current work on a crop management system for irrigated wheat in Egypt. The goal of our work is to develop a system that will address all aspects of crop management including varietal selection, planting/harvest date selection, sowing parameters decisions, insect/disease/weed identification and remediation, and irrigation/fertilization management. The approach we take to solve this problem is the Generic Task Approach to expert systems development pioneered by Chandrasekaran et al. [1]. By using the Generic Task (GT) approach, we set out to model the behavior of an expert in wheat crop management. To accomplish this goal, the GT approach builds on top of the object-oriented methodology and acts as a guiding overlay for analyzing knowledge intensive problems, such as wheat crop management. As a multi-task problem, wheat crop management provides a testbed for the ideas of a Knowledge Level Architecture introduced by Sticklen. The Knowledge Level Architecture (KLA) provides a means of understanding large systems in terms of cooperating subagents. This paper describes the GT and KLA methodologies, focusing on the support they afford to the description and understanding of knowledge-based systems from an object-oriented perspective.

关键词： object-oriented modeling GENERIC TASKS INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURES ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE WHEAT MANAGEMENT

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A New object Coding System for Computer-Aided Process Planning Applications

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ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2013年第5期38卷 1103-1113页

作者： Celik, I. Unuvar, A. Dumlupinar Univ Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn Kutahya Turkey Selcuk Univ Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn Konya Turkey

Recently, using features to model a part has been thought to be a key factor for the integrated design and manufacturing. The features that build the part are modeled as manufacturing features. Thanks to object-based modeling, features are structured systematically. In this paper, a feature coding method is proposed for prismatic parts to be produced and the use of this method in process planning is explained. After been determined, features are structured systematically through object-oriented modeling. This article explains an object coding method developed for prismatic workpieces and its use in process planning. Features were determined and modeled as objects. Features were coded according to their types and locations on the workpiece in this given method. Feature codings have been seen to be very advantageous in process planning.

关键词： Feature Feature-based modeling object-oriented modeling Process planning

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An object-oriented multitasking control environment for multirobot system programming and execution with 3D graphic simulation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 1999年 60-1卷 241-250页

作者： Yasuda, GI Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn Nagasaki 85101 Japan

This paper describes an object-oriented distributed control environment for industrial multirobot applications. A distributed computing environment, where workpieces, robots, and other industrial devices such as a vision sensor are defined as software objects with class inheritance hierarchy, supports human-friendly task-level programming and automated robot program generation with 3D graphic simulation, and performs supervisory and real-time sensor-based coordinated control of multirobot systems. Using object-oriented multitasking control with a preemptive rescheduler, vision-based robot positioning and pick and place operations for exchange of a workpiece are demonstrated to validate the control performance of the computing environment. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： intelligent autonomous robot systems object-oriented modeling distributed processing 3D graphic simulation

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An object-oriented framework for rapid development of image analysis applications

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Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing

作者： Liang, WD Zhang, XM Sonka, M Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA United States Taligent Inc. Cupertino CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819424455

Image analysis applications are usually composed of a set of graphic objects, a set of image processing algorithms, and a graphic user interface (GUI). Typically, developing an image analysis application is time-consuming and the developed programs are hard to maintain. We have developed a framework called IMANAL that aims at reducing the development costs by improving system maintainability, design change flexibility component reusability, and human-computer interaction. IMANAL decomposes an image analysis application into three models;data model, process model, and GUI model. The three models as well as the collaboration among them are standardized into a unified system architecture. A new application can be developed rapidly by customizing task-specific building blocks within the unified architecture. IMANAL maintains a class library of more than 100,000 lines of C/C++ code that are highly reusable for creating the three above mentioned models. Software components from other sources such as Khoros can also be easily included in the applications. IMANAL was used for development of image analysis applications utilizing a variety of medical images such as X-ray coronary angiography, intracardiac, intravascular and brachial ultrasound, and pulmonary CT. In all the above listed applications, the development productivity was significantly increased. With the IMANAL, most of the development overhead is removed and the developer is able to fully focus on the image analysis algorithms. IMANAL has proven to be a useful tool for image analysis research as well as the prototype development tool for commercial image analysis applications.

关键词： object-oriented design and programming object-oriented modeling software engineering image analysis image-processing human-computer interaction

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Product Configuration Knowledge modeling Using Extend object Model

Product Configuration Knowledge Modeling Using Extend Object...

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7th International Conference on e-Engineering and Digital Enterprise Technology

作者： Xu, Zhiwei Sheng, Zhongqi Xie, Hualong Northeastern Univ Sch Mech Engn & Automat Shenyang Liaoning 110004 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780878492992

This paper presents an extended object model for case-based reasoning in product configuration design. In the extended object model a few of methods of knowledge expression are adopted such as constraints, rules, objects etc. On the basis of extended object model, case representation model for case-based reasoning is applied to product configuration design system. The product configuration knowledge can be represented by the extended object. The model can support all the processes of case-based reasoning in product configuration design such as case representation, indexing, retrieving and case revising. The model extends traditional object-oriented model by including the relationship class used to express the relation between the cases, constraints class used in the product configuration knowledge representation, index class used in case retrieving, solution class used in case revise. So the product configuration knowledge that used in the product configuration design can be represented by using this model. In the end a Metering pump product configuration design systems is developed on the basis of the proposed product configuration model to support customized products.

关键词： Mass customization Product configuration Case-based reasoning CBR object-oriented modeling Case representation

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object-oriented Program Environment for Electromechanical Systems Analysis Based on the Method of Average Voltages on Integration Step 18

Object-Oriented Program Environment for Electromechanical Sy...

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18th International Conference on Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering (CPEE)

作者： Plakhtyna, Omelyan Kutsyk, Andriy Semeniuk, Mykola Kuznyetsov, Oleksiy Univ Sci & Technol Bydgoszcz Poland Lviv Polytech Natl Univ Lvov Ukraine Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi Natl Army Acad Lvov Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9781538610404

The program environment for electromechanical system analysis based on object-oriented approach and authorial method of mathematical modeling is presented. This environment allows constructing computer models of comprehensive electrotechnical systems with semiconductor converters. Such computer models are distinguished by the high operation speed and ability of real-time operation in interaction with physical equipment. These features of computer models developed using the program environment allow their application in testing physical control systems by connecting a real control system to a computer simulator of the controlled object.

关键词： object-oriented modeling computer simulation electrotechnical system

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