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An architecture for scheduling and control in flexible manufacturing systems using distributed objects

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION 2002年第4期18卷 452-462页

作者： Tai, TT Boucher, TO Aspentech Technol Inc New Providence NJ 07974 USA Rutgers State Univ Dept Ind Engn Piscataway NJ 08854 USA

Modern manufacturing systems are highly automated and require distributed architectures in order to integrate enterprise-wide planning and decision making while providing scalability. In this paper, we introduce an architecture for scheduling and controlling a manufacturing system using distributed objects. We design a cell object, which encapsulates data and methods for scheduling and controlling the cell resources. New jobs entering the manufacturing system are allocated to cells based on schedules computed in real time by these distributed cell objects. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach through empirical trials that compare it to scheduling and job dispatching using other methods.

关键词： discrete event systems distributed control flexible manufacturing systems object-oriented methods

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Minimum cost wavelength-path routing and wavelength allocation using a genetic-algorithm heuristic hybrid approach

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMMUNICATIONS 1999年第1期146卷 1-7页

作者： Sinclair, MC Univ Essex Dept Elect Syst Engn Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England

Minimum cost wavelength-path routing and wavelength allocation of multiwavelength alloptical transport networks using a genetic-algorithm (GA)/heuristic hybrid approach is described. A cost model is adopted which incorporates a dependency on link wavelength requirements. The hybrid algorithm developed uses an object-oriented representation of networks, and incorporates four operators: path mutation, single-point crossover, reroute and shift-out. In addition, an operator-probability adaptation mechanism is employed to improve operator productivity. Experimental results from seven fifteen-node test networks, obtained using a tool for optical network optimisation, modelling and design (NOMaD), suggest the GA/heuristic hybrid approach provides superior results compared to three recent wavelength-allocation heuristics, except when the network cost depends most heavily on wavelength requirement.

关键词： Optimisation techniques GA/heuristic hybrid approach genetic-algorithm/heuristic hybrid approach genetic algorithms multiwavelength all-optical transport networks fifteen-node test networks cost model link wavelength requirements network cost object-oriented methods optical network optimisation modelling and design single-point crossover object-oriented representation wavelength allocation NOMaD Communication network design, planning and routing Optical fibre networks operator productivity frequency allocation object-oriented programming telecommunication network routing operator-probability adaptation mechanism minimum cost wavelength-path routing optical fibre networks shift-out path mutation reroute

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Foundation of the taxonomic object system

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 1998年第9期40卷 475-492页

作者： Zendler, AM Univ Potsdam Inst Comp Sci D-141415 Potsdam Germany

object-oriented methods are lacking semantically compatible concepts for structuring complex applications consisting of hundreds or even thousands of classes. This paper provides the foundation of a so-called taxonomic object system which provides a framework for object-oriented concepts. Based on this taxonomic object system new object-oriented concepts (package class, subsystem class, system class, enterprise class) are developed that allow large applications to be structured bottom-up as well as top-down. The developed new concepts are fully compatible with the fundamental ideas of the object-oriented paradigm (object identity, abstract data, inheritance). These concepts aid the structuring of large applications and are suitable for improving design documentation. The concepts are exemplified by modeling CORBA object services and CORBA common facilities. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： taxonomic object system object-oriented methods classification top-down development software reuse

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An intelligent decision support system for on-demand fixture retrieval, adaptation and manufacture

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JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2017年第2期28卷 189-211页

作者： Kasie, Fentahun Moges Bright, Glen Walker, Anthony Univ KwaZulu Natal Dept Mech Engn Durban South Africa Hawassa Univ Hawassa Ethiopia

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose a decision support system (DSS) that stabilizes the flow of fixtures in manufacturing systems. The proposed DSS assists decision-makers to reuse or adapt the available fixtures or to manufacture new fixtures depending upon the similarity between the past and new cases. It considers the cost effectiveness of the proposed decision when an adaptation decision is passed. Design/methodology/approach - The research problem is addressed by integrating case-based reasoning, rule-based reasoning and fuzzy set theory. Cases are represented using an object-oriented (OO) approach to characterize them by their feature vectors. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and the inverse of weighted Euclidean distance measure are applied for case retrieval. A machining operation is illustrated as a computational example to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed DSS. Findings - The problems of fixture assignment and control have not been well-addressed in the past, although fixture management is one of the complex problems in manufacturing. The proposed DSS is a promising approach to address such kinds of problems using the three components of an artificial intelligence and FAHP. Research limitations/implications - Although the DSS is tested in a laboratory environment using a numerical example, it has not been validated in real industrial systems. Practical implications - The DSS is proposed in terms of simple rules and equations. This implies that it is not complex for software development and implementation. The illustrated numerical example indicates that the proposed DSS can be implemented in the real-world. Originality/value - Demand-driven fixture retrieval and manufacture to assign the right fixtures to planned part-orders using an intelligent DSS is the main contribution. It provides special consideration for the adaptation of the available fixtures in a system.

关键词： Decision making Decision support systems Analytical hierarchy process Artifical intelligence Fuzzy sets object-oriented methods

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A generic approach for gas turbine adaptive modeling

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2006年第1期128卷 13-19页

作者： Visser, WPJ Kogenhop, O Oostveen, M SKF Delta Consult Kapelle Netherlands Natl Aerosp Lab NLR Amsterdam Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Delft Netherlands

For gas turbine engine performance analysis, a variety of simulation tools is available. In order to minimize model development and software maintenance costs, generic gas turbine system simulation tools are required for new modeling tasks. Many modeling aspects remain engine specific however and still require large implementation efforts. One of those aspects is adaptive modeling. Therefore, an adaptive modeling functionality has been developed that can be implemented in a generic component-based gas turbine environment. A single component in a system modeling environment is able to turn any new or existing model into an adaptive model without extra coding. The concept has been demonstrated in the GSP gas turbine modeling environment. An object-oriented architecture allows automatic addition of the necessary, equations for the adaptation to measurement values. Using the adaptive modeling component, the user can preconfigure the adaptive model and quickly optimize gas path diagnostics capability using experimentation. with field data. The resulting adaptive model can be used by maintenance engineers for diagnostics. In this paper the integration of the adaptive modeling Junction into a system modeling environment is described. Results of a case study on a large turbofan engine application are presented.

关键词： object-oriented methods Simulation Modeling jet engines Gas turbines digital simulation mechanical engineering computing gas turbines Engines

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Method for the analysis and design of class characteristic migrations during object system evolution

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2001年第4期26卷 237-257页

作者： Castellani, X Jiang, H Billionnet, A CEDRIC IIE CNAM Res Lab F-91025 Evry France Genoscope Ctr Natl Sequencage F-71057 Evry France

We propose a method to assist designers in the analysis and design of the migrations of class characteristics (attributes and methods) during object system evolution. This method advocates: . to analyze a migration by identifying transfer links that will be used to transfer class characteristics;. to design the graph of the transfer links of a migration by decomposing it into components that minimize the amount of work required to carry out the modifications of the classes concerned by the migration, that can be studied separately and then possibly dispatching to designers;these components are groups of classes strongly coupled and separate (i.e. the classes making up each component are strongly coupled by transfer links, and no links occur between the classes of different components). Among the partitions of a migration obtained with such components, the best ones are those whose components minimize the amount of work required to carry out the modifications of the classes concerned by the migration. These partitions are such that classes are implicated in the minimum number components. In case several best partitions are found, we choose the ones which have the fewest components. The components of a migration are represented by maximal bipartite complete subgraphs of the graph of transfers of a migration that defines a partition of a set of its arcs. Efficient algorithms for building a partition of a directed graph by searching for such subgraphs do not exist in the graph theory. We propose three approaches for building a partition of the graph of transfers of a migration: a departure approach that places emphasis on the classes from which class characteristics are transferred, an arrival approach that places emphasis on the classes to which class characteristics are transferred, and a simulated annealing approach used in operations research. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： evolution maintenance migration object-oriented methods transfer of characteristics partitions of migration

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An overview of the telecommunications information networking architecture

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1996年第3期8卷 135-141页

作者： Chapman, M Dupuy, F Nilsson, G FRANCE TELECOM CNETLAAEIABSAF-22301 LANNIONFRANCE ERICSSON TELECOM AB ELLEMTELATM BROADBANDS-12625 STOCKHOLMSWEDEN

The Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture (TINA) Consortium is an international collaboration aiming at defining and validating an open architecture for telecommunication services for the broadband, multimedia, and information era. The architecture is based on distributed computing, object orientation, and other concepts and standards from the telecommunications and computing industries. This paper provides an introduction to TINA.

关键词： Multimedia communications standards distributed processing Computer networks and techniques telecommunication services broadband networks management architecture object-oriented methods interworking service specification object-oriented programming Distributed systems software Computer communications broadband communication information networks multimedia communication network architecture object orientation legacy systems telecommunication computing distributed computing computing industry open architecture tool-set telecommunication network management TINA consortium computing architecture telecommunication standards Network management telecommunications industry service design Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture service architecture information era open systems Communications computing international collaboration

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Dynamic coupling metric: proof of concept

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-SOFTWARE 2005年第6期152卷 273-279页

作者： Hassoun, Y Counsell, S Johnson, R Univ London Birkbeck Coll Sch Comp Sci & Informat Syst London WC1E 7HX England

Most object-oriented coupling measures proposed in the literature deal with coupling at the static class level. Measuring dynamic object coupling however gives potential for greater insight into system structure and comparison of the architectural aspects of different systems. In previous work, a dynamic coupling metric (DCM) was introduced and validated theoretically. The authors investigate an empirical validation of this metric. A tool was developed to collect dynamic coupling data represented by message exchanges between objects at runtime;two system models with different architectural characteristics providing the same functionality were then considered. Empirical validation of the metric showed it to be a useful vehicle for comparing the runtime coupling characteristics of software systems. Results also showed that for examples covering various types of couplings, object-oriented (OO) reflective systems separating the base level from the meta-level exhibited significantly less coupling when compared with corresponding systems with a traditional OO (single-level) architecture.

关键词： Software metrics object-oriented programming software architecture dynamic coupling metric software system message exchanges single-level architecture Programming support software metrics software tools object-oriented coupling Software engineering techniques object-oriented programming object-oriented methods

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Managing the network state evolution over time using CORBA environment

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2000年第5期18卷 654-663页

作者： Androutsos, AA Apostolopoulos, TK Daskalou, VC Athens Univ Econ & Business Dept Informat Athens 10434 Greece

This paper proposes a CORBA-based framework for managing the network state evolution over time. This framework is based on the concept of CORBA temporal agents, capable of managing the past and current behavior of network resources. Managed objects use specific time attributes for representing how their values are evolving in time. Moreover, specially designed operations (services) enable users to exploit the temporal dimension of management information in order to understand the past, control the present, and thus even predict the future of managed objects. The management environment is designed in order to provide coexistence and interoperability with existing management platforms.

关键词： communication system operations and management computer network management object-oriented methods temporal databases

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Towards a taxonomy of errors in PLC programming

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COGNITION TECHNOLOGY & WORK 2015年第3期17卷 417-430页

作者： Duschl, Kerstin C. Gramss, Denise Obermeier, Martin Vogel-Heuser, Birgit Tech Univ Munich Chair Automat & Informat Syst D-85747 Garching Germany

Based on previous studies on programming errors and their causes, the presented paper investigates errors that application engineers in the area of machine and plant automation make while creating either function block diagrams, plcML [an adaption of the unified modelling language (UML)] or modAT4rMS code (a newly developed modelling language that adapts and combines aspects of UML and SysML). A laboratory-based study with 52 mechatronics apprentices and electrical engineering technicians with knowhow in manufacturing system design but comparably undeveloped programming skills has been conducted, in which the subjects' errors and think-aloud statements during code creation were recorded. In a subsequent step, these data have been analysed by the cognitive causes of the coding errors applying the skill-rules-knowledge framework. As a result, a taxonomy of errors is presented. Results indicate that most of the errors in the subjects' code are due to insufficient understanding of the notation's syntax, problems with the rules of encapsulation, the creation of modules and finally with the creation of variants and aggregations, which are all located at the rule-based level. Errors at the skill-based level mainly occurred during behavioural modelling with modAT4rMS. It is argued that the provided insights can be used for improving education on programmable logic controller (PLC) languages and for the design of tools that support PLC programmers at detecting and fixing errors within their code.

关键词： Automation Errors Human factors object-oriented methods Software engineering

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