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Introducing object-oriented modelling to cybercrime scripting: visualisation for improved analysis

CRIME SCIENCE 2024年第1期13卷 27页

作者： Madarie, Renushka Kranenbarg, Marleen Weulen de Poot, Christianne Vrije Univ VU Amsterdam Fac Law Dept Criminol Boelelaan 1105 NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands Amsterdam Univ Appl Sci Fac Technol Res Grp Forens Sci Tafelbergweg 51 NL-1105 BD Amsterdam Netherlands Police Acad Netherlands Postbus 834 NL-7301 BB Apeldoorn Netherlands

Crime script analysis as a methodology to analyse criminal processes is underdeveloped. This is apparent from the various approaches in which scholars apply crime scripting and present their cybercrime scripts. The plethora of scripting methods raise significant concerns about the reliability and validity of these scripting studies. In this methodological paper, we demonstrate how object-oriented modelling (OOM) could address some of the currently identified methodological issues, thereby refining crime script analysis. More specifically, we suggest to visualise crime scripts using static and dynamic modelling with the Unified modelling Language (UML) to harmonise cybercrime scripts without compromising their depth. Static models visualise objects in a system or process, their attributes and their relationships. Dynamic models visualise actions and interactions during a process. Creating these models in addition to the typical textual narrative could aid analysts to more systematically consider, organise and relate key aspects of crime scripts. In turn, this approach might, amongst others, facilitate alternative ways of identifying intervention measures, theorising about offender decision-making, and an improved shared understanding of the crime phenomenon analysed. We illustrate the application of these models with a phishing script.

关键词： Crime script analysis object-oriented modelling Unified modelling language Cybercrime Offender decision-making Activity diagram Domain model Visualisation

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Towards digital twins through object-oriented modelling: a machine tool case study

Towards digital twins through object-oriented modelling: a m...

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9th Vienna International Conference on Mathematical modelling (MATHMOD)

作者： Scaglioni, Bruno Ferretti, Gianni Univ Leeds Sch Elect & Elect Engn Leeds W Yorkshire England Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 I-20133 Milan Italy

As a basic component for the setup of a digital twin of the working process, the dynamic model of a machine tool, the Mandelli M5, is developed in this paper. The main features of the model are the FEM based description of the structural flexibility of the components of the kinematic structure, the model of the cutting process and the model of the transmission chains and of the control systems. The model has been experimentally validated with respect to the motion dynamic behavior. (C) 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： object-oriented modelling machine tools Industry 4.0 cutting process

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object-oriented modelling and simulation for the ALFRED dynamics

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PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2014年 71卷 15-29页

作者： Ponciroli, Roberto Bigoni, Andrea Cammi, Antonio Lorenzi, Stefano Luzzi, Lelio Politecn Milan Dept Energy CeSNEF Enrico Fermi Ctr Nucl Studies I-20133 Milan Italy

In this paper, a control-oriented modelling and simulation tool for the study of the Advanced Lead-cooled Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED) plant dynamics is presented. It has been developed in order to perform design-basis transient analyses aimed at providing essential feedbacks for the system design finalization. The simulator has been meant to be modular, open and efficient. In this perspective, an object-oriented modelling approach has been adopted, by employing the reliable, tested and well-documented Modelica language. Simulation of core behaviour is based on point kinetics for neutronics and one-dimensional heat transfer models for thermal-hydraulics, coherently with ALFRED specifications. An effort has been spent to model the bayonet-tube Steam Generator (SG) foreseen to be installed within the reactor vessel. The primary loop model has been built by connecting the above-mentioned components (taking into account suitable time delays) and by incorporating the cold pool, which has revealed to be fundamental for an accurate definition of the time constants characteristic of the system because of its large thermal inertia. The description of the overall plant has been finalized by connecting standard turbine, condenser and other components of the balance of plant. Afterwards, the reactor responses to three typical transient initiators have been simulated (i.e., reduction of feedwater mass flow rate, variation of the turbine admission valve coefficient and transient of overpower). Simulation outcomes confirm the strong coupling between core and SG, besides showing the characteristic time constants of the various component responses. Results of the present study constitute a starting point in the definition of plant control strategies, laying the basis for investigation and development of a model-based control-system design. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lead Fast Reactor ALFRED (Advanced Lead-cooled Fast Reactor European Demonstrator) Dynamics object-oriented modelling Control-oriented modelling

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UML Templates Distilled

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 8709-8727页

作者： Farinha, Jose da Silva, Alberto Rodrigues Harlow Inc P-1649003 Lisbon Portugal Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn INESC ID P-1000029 Lisbon Portugal

UML templates are possibly the most neglected and misused piece of knowledge in UML modelling. This subject has been disregarded in the research and practice literature and even by modelling tools providers. This paper suggests that such oblivion results from a general misunderstanding that UML templates are just graphical representations of genericity like it is found in programming languages, and from the insufficient support from the modelling tools, with a consequence of poor usage of UML templates in practice. Indeed, the capabilities and potential of UML templates are far-reaching. Increasing awareness around them could bring significant benefits for UML users, namely, higher-level abstraction and reuse. Therefore, this paper provides a distilling tutorial on UML templates to highlight their flexibility and advantages. That presentation follows a tutorial style and is supported by several illustrative examples, varying from simpler to more complex ones. This tutorial reviews the Template construct's core concepts and terminology, presents constraining classifiers and shows how to define properties and operations as template parameters. Then, it presents and discusses advanced aspects such as operation templates, parameter defaults, the relationship between binding and generalization, and the specific semantics of package templates. Furthermore, the paper discusses the related work and uncovers some of the UML templates' limitations and opportunities for improvement.

关键词： Unified modeling language Codes Semantics object oriented modeling Tutorials Programming Computer languages object-oriented modelling genericity UML templates UML templates

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object-oriented soil erosion modelling: A possible paradigm shift from potential to actual risk assessments in agricultural environments

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LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT 2018年第4期29卷 1270-1281页

作者： Borrelli, Pasquale Meusburger, Katrin Ballabio, Cristiano Panagos, Panos Alewell, Christine Univ Basel Environm Geosci Bernoullistr 30 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland European Commiss Inst Environm & Sustainable Resources Joint Res Ctr Ispra Italy

Over the last 2 decades, geospatial technologies such as Geographic Information System and spatial interpolation methods have facilitated the development of increasingly accurate spatially explicit assessments of soil erosion. Despite these advances, current modelling approaches rest on (a) an insufficient definition of the proportion of arable land that is exploited for crop production and (b) a neglect of the intra-annual variability of soil cover conditions in arable land. To overcome these inaccuracies, this study introduces a novel spatio-temporal approach to compute an enhanced cover-management factor (C) for revised universal soil loss equation-based models. It combines highly accurate agricultural parcel information contained in the Land Parcel Identification System with an object-oriented Landsat imagery classification technique to assess spatial conditions and interannual variability of soil cover conditions at field scale. With its strong link to Land Parcel Identification System and Earth observation satellite data, the approach documents an unprecedented representation of farming operations. This opens the door for the transition from the currently used potential soil erosion risk assessments towards the assessment of the actual soil erosion risk. Testing this method in a medium-size catchment located in the Swiss Plateau (Upper Enziwigger River Catchment), this study lays an important foundation for the application of the very same methods for large-scale or even pan-European applications. Soil loss rates modelled in this study were compared with the insights gained from emerging techniques to differentiate sediment source contribution through compound-specific isotope analysis on river sediments. The presented technique is adaptable beyond revised universal soil loss equation-type soil erosion models.

关键词： GIS Landsat LPIS object-oriented modelling soil erosion

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Scalable and efficiant digital twins for model-based design of cyber-physical systems

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 2024年第10-11期37卷 1232-1251页

作者： Cimino, Chiara Terraneo, Federico Ferretti, Gianni Leva, Alberto Politecn Milan DEIB Milan Italy

The optimised design, operation and management of complex, large-size Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) - like modern manufacturing and logistic assets - calls for Digital Twins (DTs) in which dynamic modelling and simulation play a relevant role. In such simulation-based DTs computational efficiency is crucial. According to the present state of the art, the said efficiency is hindered by the way the Cyber part of a CPS is represented, which in the manufacturing case practically corresponds to representing digital controls. This paper proposes a modelling framework for an efficient and scalable representation of the Cyber part in a DT of a CPS. The presented solution is based on object-oriented modelling (OOM) and IEC industrial standards. Motivating and explanatory examples are provided, and a proof-of-concept case study is discussed to support the framework potential and industrial viability.

关键词： Digital twins cyber-physical systems object-oriented modelling control system modelling simulation performance scalability

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Ontology modelling of intelligent HCI in aircraft cockpit

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AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY 2021年第5期93卷 794-808页

作者： Zhang, Xia Sun, Youchao Zhang, Yanjun Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Civil Aviat Nanjing Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Sch Mech Engn Yangzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China

Purpose Semantic modelling is an essential prerequisite for designing the intelligent human-computer interaction in future aircraft cockpit. The purpose of this paper is to outline an ontology-based solution to this issue. Design/methodology/approach The scenario elements are defined considering the cognitive behaviours, system functions, interaction behaviours and interaction situation. The knowledge model consists of a five-tuple array including concepts, relations, functions, axioms and instances. Using the theory of belief-desire-intention, the meta-model of cognitive behaviours is established. The meta-model of system functions is formed under the architecture of sub-functions. Supported by information flows, the meta-model of interaction behaviours is presented. Based on the socio-technical characteristics, the meta-model of interaction situation is proposed. The knowledge representation and reasoning process is visualized with the semantic web rule language (SWRL) on the Protege platform. Finally, verification and evaluation are carried out to assess the rationality and quality of the ontology model. Application scenarios of the proposed modelling method are also illustrated. Findings Verification results show that the knowledge reasoning based on SWRL rules can further enrich the knowledge base in terms of instance attributes and thereby improve the adaptability and learning ability of the ontology model in different simulations. Evaluation results show that the ontology model has a good quality with high cohesion and low coupling. Practical implications The approach presented in this paper can be applied to model complex human-machine-environment systems, from a semantics-driven perspective, especially for designing future cockpits. Originality/value Different from the traditional approaches, the method proposed in this paper tries to deal with the socio-technical modelling issues concerning multidimensional information semantics. Meanwhile, the constructed

关键词： Ontology Human factors Aircraft cockpit Intelligent human-computer interaction object-oriented modelling

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Robust object-oriented formulation of directed thermofluid stream networks

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MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER modelling OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS 2020年第3期26卷 204-233页

作者： Zimmer, Dirk German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Syst Dynam & Control Oberpfaffenhofen Germany

object-oriented formulation of thermal fluid streams often yields large non-linear equation systems whose numerical solution is difficult to achieve. This paper revisits the fundamental equations for thermal fluid streams and introduces a new term: the steady mass flow pressurep. Using this term, the equations can be brought into a form where all non-linear computations are explicit. This enables a robust and object-oriented formulation of even complex architectures. The modelling of aircraft environmental control systems is presented as one possible application example.

关键词： Thermal fluid systems object-oriented modelling robust computational methods

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Ensuring consistency in scalable-detail models for DT-based control

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2021年第1期54卷 313-318页

作者： Chiara Cimino Alberto Leva Gianni Ferretti DEIB Politecnico di Milano Italy

Digital Twins (DTs for short) are a powerful aid for creating, assessing and maintaining control strategies. This use of DTs however requires that the physical entities to control be described at different levels of detail. For example, simple I/O models are used to compute parameters of modulating controllers, more time-accurate ones may be required to set up and assess logic controls, high-accuracy, possibly nonlinear ones may serve for overall strategy verification, and for software-in-the-loop testing, also the host computing/network architecture needs representing. In such a complex scenario, guaranteeing that all the descriptions of all elements are consistent with one another is a relevant problem. We discuss this matter and propose a solution, in the form of a modelling paradigm where as a novel contributions relationships (in a sense analogous to what the term means in database theory) can be instated and enforced. This allows to create and maintain knowledge based made of interrelate data and models, embracing all the major DT interpretations proposed so far in the literature, or said more explicitly, combining data-driven and model-driven DTs in a single framework. We also provide an illustrative example.

关键词： Digital Twins Advanced manufacturing Cyber-Physical Systems Industrial automation object-oriented modelling simulation

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The impact of applying product-modelling techniques in configurator projects

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH 2019年第14期57卷 4435-4450页

作者： Hvam, Lars Kristjansdottir, Katrin Shafiee, Sara Mortensen, Niels Henrik Herbert-Hansen, Zaza Nadja Lee Tech Univ Denmark Dept Management Engn DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Tech Univ Denmark Dept Mech Engn DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

This paper aims to increase understanding of the impact of using product-modelling techniques to structure and formalise knowledge in configurator projects. Companies that provide customised products increasingly apply configurators in support of sales and design activities, reaping benefits that include shorter lead times, improved quality of specifications and products, and lower overall product costs. The design and implementation of configurators are a challenging task that calls for scientifically based modelling techniques to support the formal representation of configurator knowledge. Even though extant literature has shown the importance of formal modelling techniques, the impact of utilising these techniques remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this article studies three main areas: (1) the impact of using modelling techniques based on Unified modelling Language (UML), in which the phenomenon model and information model are considered visually, (2) non-UML-based modelling techniques, in which only the phenomenon model is considered and (3) non-formal modelling techniques. This study analyses the impact to companies from increased availability of product knowledge and improved control of product variants. The methodology employed is an exploratory survey, followed by interviews with 18 manufacturing companies providing customised products. The results indicate that companies using UML-based modelling techniques tend to have improved documentation of their product knowledge and an improved ability to reduce the number of product variants. This paper contributes to an increased understanding of what companies can gain from using more formalised modelling techniques in configurator projects, and under what circumstances they should be used.

关键词： information systems product-modelling product configurators documentation object-oriented modelling knowledge management

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