This study has primarily aimed at finding a tool which will facilitate the choice of programming language and making this program well-arranged. But, choosing the proper programming language is a kind of decision maki...
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This study has primarily aimed at finding a tool which will facilitate the choice of programming language and making this program well-arranged. But, choosing the proper programming language is a kind of decision making problem with multiple criterions which require the consideration of many factors which are closely interrelated. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) methodology is particularly useful for decision making in a multi-criteria context where interaction exists between the criterions. A set of criteria for the selection of a programming language for introductory courses proposed in Parker et al. [J Inform Technol Edu USA 5: 135-142, 2006] is used in this study. These selection criterions and the criterion groups were analyzed by using the ANP, and the obtained ranking for software languages and criteria were given. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 89-96, 2011;View this article online at ***;DOI 10.1002/cae.20294
The Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) is a numerical method based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), presenting as its main feature the possibility of improving the solution by means of local enrichment functi...
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The Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) is a numerical method based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), presenting as its main feature the possibility of improving the solution by means of local enrichment functions. In spite of its advantages, the method demands a complex data structure, which can be especially benefited by the object-oriented programming (OOP). Even though the OOP for the traditional FEM has been extensively described in the technical literature, specific design issues related to the GFEM are yet little discussed and not clearly defined. In the present article it is described an object-oriented (OO) class design for the GFEM, aiming to achieve a computational code that presents a flexible class structure, circumventing the difficulties associated to the method characteristics. The proposed design is evaluated by means of some numerical examples, computed using a code implemented in Python programming language.
Symbolic approaches to assist in the development of finite element formulations have been used since the late 1970s. Today, the symbolic mathematical software such as Mathematica, Maple, etc., has proved to be helpful...
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Symbolic approaches to assist in the development of finite element formulations have been used since the late 1970s. Today, the symbolic mathematical software such as Mathematica, Maple, etc., has proved to be helpful when testing formulations. In earlier work, the authors introduced a new way of integrating naturally symbolic concepts in numerical finite element codes, taking advantage of an object-oriented code organization. In this paper, we wish to prove on practical examples that the proposed approach is very attractive and promising today, lending to an alternative,way of conceiving finite element,rent codes. After presenting a state-of-the-art of symbolic approaches for finite element developments, we first give a practical application of symbolic developments (for discontinuous space-time formulations), and then examples of Computer Aided Software Engineering tools that can be introduced into such a finite element environment.
object-oriented (OO) systems development theory has rapidly evolved. Generally, there is a concern about the current inconsistent state of OO theory. There is a lack of a shared understanding of the basic concepts and...
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object-oriented (OO) systems development theory has rapidly evolved. Generally, there is a concern about the current inconsistent state of OO theory. There is a lack of a shared understanding of the basic concepts and of a common vocabulary for discussing them. Although recent efforts have contributed to organizing OO concepts, a complete model of OO based on the areas of analysis, design and programming is still lacking. This study develops and applies an approach to build such a definition of OO concepts using metamodeling. Metamodels of existing OO methodologies were created and then integrated into a single metamodel that defines OO concepts and their relationships. A number of useful applications of this OO metamodel are proposed, including in methodology development and selection. The main contribution of this approach is its focus on bridging the gap that exists between the OO analysis and design area and the area of OO programming. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Making a finite element code easier to maintain is achieved by further modularizing it. Due to its two levels of modularity (of procedures and data), object-oriented programming is the method of choice. Its potential ...
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Making a finite element code easier to maintain is achieved by further modularizing it. Due to its two levels of modularity (of procedures and data), object-oriented programming is the method of choice. Its potential is investigated in two bottlenecks of finite element programming where so far it has not proved significantly more successful than classical Fortran programming. The first of these is the lack of adequate data structures between the analysis specifications and the basic objects of the finite element method, like the element and the node. This is solved by defining two classes of objects, namely problem and domain, with clearly differentiated specifications. The second gap deals with solving linear equation systems. Introducing an intermediate class UnassembledMatrix allows alternative storage/solving schemes to be implemented in a very flexible manner. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This article describes an introductory object-oriented finite element program for static and dynamic nonlinear applications. This work can be considered as an extension of the original FEM-object environment dealing w...
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This article describes an introductory object-oriented finite element program for static and dynamic nonlinear applications. This work can be considered as an extension of the original FEM-object environment dealing with linear elasticity [Elmepress Int (1993)] and nonlinearity [Comput Struct 49 (1993) 767]. Mainly the static aspects are discussed in this paper. Interested readers will find a detailed discussion of the object-oriented approach applied to finite element programming in [Proceedings IABSE Colloquium on Expert Systems in Civil Engineering, Bergamo, Italy, 1989;object-oriented Finite Elem Anal Comput Struct 34 (1990) 355;Comput Struct 40 (1991) 75;Int J Numer Meth Engng 35 (1992) 425] and also in [Computer Methods in Appl Mech Engng 98 (1992);The finite element method, 1987] and references therein. Our ambition, in this paper, is limited to a presentation of an introductory object-oriented finite element package for nonlinear analysis. Our goal is to make a starting package available to newcomers to the object-oriented approach and to provide an answer to the large number of demands for such a program received in recent time. In the first part of the paper, a brief recall of the basics of finite element modeling applied to continuum mechanics is given. Von Mises plasticity including isotropic and kinematic hardening, which is used as model problem, is described. This first part also presents an over-view of the main features of the object-oriented approach. In the second part of this paper, classes and associated tasks forming the kernel of the code are described in detail. A hierarchy of classes is proposed and discussed;it provides an immediate overview of the program's capabilities. Finally interactions between classes are explained and numerical examples illustrate the approach. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
In this paper we reflect on the differences between prototype-based and class-based programming languages and we introduce a new approach. called the Oea framework, that will allow JavaScript developers to write progr...
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In this paper we reflect on the differences between prototype-based and class-based programming languages and we introduce a new approach. called the Oea framework, that will allow JavaScript developers to write programs using a class-based style, which we assert is easy to use, has a syntax style that resembles that of the Java class-based approach and has high performance and reliability. We present a survey of the most widely used class-based techniques for JavaScript describing their methods and highlighting their shortcomings and compare the new approach with this earlier work. The approach has been developed in the context of a framework for developing Web applications using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), JavaScript and the Resource Description Framework (RDF) which involved the construction of substantial libraries and other code using the approach. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are essential for small/medium batch and job shop manufacturing. These types of production systems are used to manufacture a considerable variety of products with medium/small prod...
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Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are essential for small/medium batch and job shop manufacturing. These types of production systems are used to manufacture a considerable variety of products with medium/small production volumes. Therefore, the manufacturing platforms supporting these types of production must be flexible and organized in flexible manufacturing cells (FMC). programming FMCs remains a difficult task and is an actual area of research and development. This paper reports an object-oriented approach developed for FMC programming. The work presented was first thought for application in industrial robot manipulators, and later extended to other FMC equipments just by putting the underlying ideas in a general framework. Initially, the motivation for this work was to develop means to add force control to a standard industrial robot manipulator. This problem requires remote access to the robot controller, remote programming and monitoring, as also is required to program and monitor any other FMC equipment. The proposed approach is distributed based on a client/server model and runs on Win32 platforms, i.e., Microsoft Windows and Windows NT. Implementation for the special case of industrial robot manipulators is presented, along with some application examples used for educational, research and industrial purposes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The paper analyzes the possibilities of transforming C programming language constructs into objects of EO programming language. The key challenge of the method is the transpilation from a system programming language i...
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The paper analyzes the possibilities of transforming C programming language constructs into objects of EO programming language. The key challenge of the method is the transpilation from a system programming language into a language of a higher level of abstraction, which does not allow direct manipulations with computer memory. Almost all application and domain-orientedprogramming languages disable such direct access to memory. Operations that need to be supported in this case include the use of dereferenced pointers, the imposition of data of different types in the same memory area, and different interpretation of the same data which is located in the same memory address space. A decision was made to create additional EO-objects that directly simulate the interaction with computer memory as in C language. These objects encapsulate unreliable data operations which use pointers. An abstract memory object was proposed for simulating the capabilities of C language to provide interaction with computer memory. The memory object is essentially an array of bytes. It is possible to write into memory and read from memory at a given index. The number of bytes read or written depends on which object is being used. The transformation of various C language constructs into EO code is considered at the level of the compilation unit. To study the variants and analyze the results a transpiler was developed that provides necessary transformations. It is implemented on the basis of Clang, which forms an abstract syntax tree. This tree is processed using LibTooling and LibASTMatchers libraries. As a result of compiling a C program, code in EO language is generated. The considered approach turns out to be appropriate for solving different problems. One of such problems is static code analysis. Such solutions make it possible to isolate low-level code fragments into separate program objects, focusing on their study and possible transformations into more reliable code.
The real-time object model, an extended object-oriented model for describing real-time systems, is described. The design and implementation of RTC++, a programming language that extends C++ on the basis of the real-ti...
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The real-time object model, an extended object-oriented model for describing real-time systems, is described. The design and implementation of RTC++, a programming language that extends C++ on the basis of the real-time object model, are discussed. The schedulability analysis and specification of rigid timing constraints in systems with active objects are reviewed
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