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Analyzing clusters of class characteristics in OO applications

JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2008年第12期81卷 2269-2286页

作者： Clarke, Peter J. Babich, Djuradj King, Tariq M. Kibria, B. M. Golam Florida Int Univ Sch Comp & Informat Sci Miami FL 33199 USA Florida Int Univ Dept Stat Miami FL 33199 USA

The transition from Java 1.4 to Java 1.5 has provided the programmer with more flexibility due to the inclusion of several new language constructs, such as parameterized types. This transition is expected to increase the number of class clusters exhibiting different combinations of class characteristics. In this paper we investigate how the number and distribution of clusters are expected to change during this transition. We present the results of an empirical study were we analyzed applications written in both Java 1.4 and 1.5. In addition, we show how the variability of the combinations of class characteristics may affect the testing of class members. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Classification Software metrics object-oriented programming Program-based testing

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New Software-Based Readout Driver for the ATLAS Experiment

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2021年第8期68卷 1811-1817页

作者： Kolos, Serguei Crone, Gordon Vazquez, William P. Univ Calif Irvine Dept Phys & Astron Irvine CA 92697 USA UCL Dept Phys & Astron London WC1E 6BT England Royal Holloway Univ London London TW20 0EX England

To maintain sensitivity to new physics in the coming years of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operations, A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS (ATLAS) collaboration has been working on upgrading a portion of the front-end (FE) electronics and replacing some parts of the detector with new devices that can operate under the much harsher background conditions of future LHC runs. The legacy FE of the ATLAS detector sent data to the data acquisition (DAQ) system via the so-called Read Out Drivers (RODs) custom-made VMEbus boards devoted to data processing, configuration, and control. The data were then received by the Read Out System (ROS), which was responsible for buffering them during the High-Level Trigger (HLT) processing. From Run 3 onward, all new trigger and detector systems will be read out using new components, replacing the combination of the ROD and the ROS. This new path will feature an application called the Software Read Out Driver (SW ROD), which will run on a commodity server receiving FE data via the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system. The SW ROD will perform event fragment building and buffering as well as serving the data on request to the HLT. The SW ROD application has been designed as a highly customizable high-performance framework providing support for detector-specific event building and data processing algorithms. The implementation that will be used for Run 3 of the LHC is capable of building event fragments at a rate of 100 kHz from an input stream consisting of up to 120 MHz of individual data packets. This document will cover the design and the implementation of the SW ROD application and will present the results of performance measurements executed on the server models selected to host SW ROD applications during Run 3.

关键词： Detectors Software Servers Protocols Large Hadron Collider Buildings Iron Data acquisition (DAQ) data collection data transfer object-oriented programming

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START: A data preparation tool for crop simulation models using web-based soil databases

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2018年 154卷 256-264页

作者： Kim, Kwang Soo Yoo, Byung Hyun Shelia, Vakhtang Porter, Cheryl H. Hoogenboom, Gerrit Seoul Natl Univ Dept Plant Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Univ Florida Dept Agr & Biol Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA Univ Florida Inst Sustainable Food Syst Gainesville FL 32611 USA

Soil profile data that characterize the physical and chemical properties of a soil are among the required set of inputs for ecological, crop and other dynamic simulation models. A web-based soil information system often provides the site-specific soil data of which formats are not readily compatible to crop models. The Soil daTA Retrieval Tool (START) was developed to automate a series of procedures for preparation of soil input data that includes the retrieval of soil profile data from the information system, reorganization of data, estimation of soil parameters, and creation of input files foi simulation models. In a case study, the START was implemented to support the SoilGrids database operated by the International Soil Reference and Information Center. It took about 0.33% of time for the START to create soil input files compared with manual preparation. These results suggest that the START could provide an efficient approach for preparation of soil input files especially for sites where little soil information is available.

关键词： AgMIP Code reuse DSSAT Inheritance object-oriented programming

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Imposition of Dirichlet Boundary Conditions in Element Free Galerkin Method through an object-oriented Implementation

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LATIN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES 2017年第6期14卷 1017-1039页

作者： Hosseini, Samira Malekan, Mohammad Pitangueira, Roque L. S. Silva, Ramon P. Univ Fed Minas Gerais Sch Engn Grad Program Struct Engn PROPEEs Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

One of the main drawbacks of Element Free Galerkin (EFG) method is its dependence on moving least square shape functions which don't satisfy the Kronecker Delta property, so in this method it's not possible to apply Dirichlet boundary conditions directly. The aim of the present paper is to discuss different aspects of three widely used methods of applying Dirichlet boundary conditions in EFG method, called Lagrange multipliers, penalty method, and coupling with finite element method. Numerical simulations are presented to compare the results of these methods form the perspective of accuracy, convergence and computational expense. These methods have been implemented in an object oriented programing environment, called INSANE, and the results are presented and compared with the analytical solutions.

关键词： Element Free Galerkin method EFG-FE Coupling Lagrange Multipliers Penalty Method object-oriented programming

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Survey of component-based software development

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IET SOFTWARE 2007年第2期1卷 57-66页

作者： Mahmood, S. Lai, R. Kim, Y. S. La Trobe Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bundoora Vic 3086 Australia Kyungwon Univ Songnam Coll Software Kyonggi Do 461701 South Korea

Because of the extensive uses of components, the Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) process is quite different from that of the traditional waterfall approach. CBSE not only requires focus on system specification and development, but also requires additional consideration for overall system context, individual components properties and component acquisition and integration process. The term component-based software development (CBD) can be referred to as the process for building a system using components. CBD life cycle consists of a set of phases, namely, identifying and selecting components based on stakeholder requirements, integrating and assembling the selected components and updating the system as components evolve over time with newer versions. This work presents an indicative literature survey of techniques proposed for different phases of the CBD life cycle. The aim of this survey is to help provide a better understanding of different CBD techniques for each of these areas.

关键词： component-based software development CBD life cycle Software engineering techniques stakeholder requirements component acquisition system specification object-oriented programming object-oriented programming software engineering overall system context

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Enhancement of an object-oriented expert system for contingency load transfer of distribution systems

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ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 1997年第2期42卷 87-94页

作者： Wu, JS Lee, TE Tzeng, YM Chen, CS NATL KAOHSIUNG INST TECHNOL DEPT ELECT ENGNKAOHSIUNG 80782TAIWAN

This paper proposes a methodology to solve contingency load transfer of distribution systems by applying the object-oriented expert system. By this method, the faulted area is isolated and restored and the unfaulted, but out of service, area is restored effectively. Since the fault restoration has to be performed in a short time period and the affected area has to be constrained in a small area, it has become a critical issue to enhance the system reliability for the distribution system operation. The knowledge rule base with object-oriented programming can be designed to support distribution contingency management in an effective manner. The distribution facilities are designed as a class in the database and the distribution operation rules are created to form the knowledge base. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, one of the Taipower distribution systems is selected for computer simulation. It is concluded that the contingency load transfer of distribution systems can be solved efficiently by identifying the proper switching operation to solve the distribution contingency problem. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

关键词： object-oriented programming contingency load transfer expert system heuristic rules distribution system operation

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A real-time knowledge-based system for intelligent monitoring in complex, sensor-rich environments

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 1998年第1期21卷 53-68页

作者： Beaulah, SA Chalabi, ZS Randle, DG Silsoe Res Inst Silsoe MK45 4HS Beds England

Real-time and on-line optimisation methods for control of large-scale systems use real-time sensor data to optimise the system's performance. The data need to be pre-processed for faults to safeguard against inappropriate control actions. Conventional real-time signal processing techniques are likely to fail because of the system's complexity and the processing speed required. A generic, real-time knowledge-based system-FLASH (FLexible Al for Signal Handling in real time)-has been developed to detect, diagnose and replace faulty sensor readings. Its effectiveness in processing signals for control in a complex, sensor-rich environment has been demonstrated in real-time environmental control of greenhouse microclimate. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： environmental control greenhouse knowledge-based systems object-oriented programming real-time operation sensor fault detection

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Aspect-oriented weaving and the .NET common language runtime

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IET SOFTWARE 2007年第6期1卷 251-262页

作者： Schmied, F. Cyment, A. Vienna Univ Technol SBC Grp Inst Comp Languages Vienna Austria Rubicon IT A-1010 Vienna Austria Univ Buenos Aires Sch Comp Sci Buenos Aires DF Argentina

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP), now practically a consolidated academic discipline, has yet to build more solid industrial foundations, especially in the realms of the .NET platform. It's believed that this situation is caused by the lack of a robust and user-friendly AOP tool for .NET comparable with the Java-based AspectJ. This work investigates the basic infrastructure required for building such a tool: aspect-oriented weaving with the common language runtime (CLR) environment. In this regard, a classification schema is built, analysing the attributes a hypothetical aspect weaver for .NET might have. It assesses the different classes of weavers that can be built on top of the CLR today and investigates what extensions to the platform would be needed in order to enable more sophisticated weaving technologies. Some typical use cases for the resulting AOP tools, and classify what attributes a corresponding weaver would need to have in order to fulfil these requirements. Finally, two existing aspect weaver implementations in terms of these very same attributes are analysed.

关键词： .NET common language runtime aspect-oriented programming object-oriented programming Distributed systems software Java-based AspectJ Java network operating systems aspect-oriented weaving object-oriented programming

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Processing of soft matter and composites: integration of material sensors with process models and intelligent control algorithms

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ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1998年第5期11卷 605-618页

作者： Maguire, JF Miller, MA Venketesan, S SW Res Inst Mat & Struct Div San Antonio TX 78238 USA Texas Instruments Inc Def Elect Div McKinney TX USA

This paper describes the development of an intelligent process-control system for the production of fiber-reinforced organic polymeric composites. The composite material consists of a polymer matrix (polyamide resin F174) and high-modulus quartz-fiber reinforcement. This composite material has good mechanical properties at high temperatures, and possesses a low dielectric constant, making it suitable for applications in missile radomes. The problem is that the raw materials are chemically reactive, and the process-control system must enable adaptation to variations in the temperature-time exposure of the raw materials and/or variations which may occur in the materials received from different suppliers. The uniqueness of the control system lies in that it is self-directing, and relies on information derived from sensors (laser fiber-optic probes and dielectric sensors) placed within the material. In addition, a materials-transformation model based on the chemical kinetics of the polymerization process calculates a number of key polymer parameters, such as degree of imidization, degree of cure, molecular weight distribution, and polydispersity ratio in situ. The collective ability to collect high-quality sensor information, to run sophisticated but robust process models in real time, to make complex decisions using artificial intelligence (AI), and to implement these decisions for controlling the structure of the actual material being processed represents a significant breakthrough in materials and process capability in this field. The focus of this work, measuring and controlling the physical and chemical properties of the material, rather than the physical attributes of the processing machinery, is an important paradigm shift. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： spectroscopic sensors chemical kinetic and transport models process control object-oriented programming artificial intelligence

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A realistic empirical evaluation of the costs and benefits of UML in software maintenance

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2008年第3期34卷 407-432页

作者： Dzidek, Wojciech James Arisholm, Erik Briand, Lionel C. Simula Res Lab Dept Software Engn N-1325 Lysaker Norway Univ Oslo Dept Informat N-0316 Oslo Norway

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the de facto standard for object-oriented software analysis and design modeling. However, few empirical studies exist which investigate the costs and evaluate the benefits of using UML in realistic contexts. Such studies are needed so that the software industry can make informed decisions regarding the extent to which they should adopt UML in their development practices. This is the first controlled experiment that investigates the costs of maintaining and the benefits of using UML documentation during the maintenance and evolution of a real nontrivial system, using professional developers as subjects, working with a state-of-the-art UML tool during an extended period of time. The subjects in the control group had no UML documentation. In this experiment, the subjects in the UML group had, on average, a practically and statistically significant 54 percent increase in the functional correctness of changes (p = 0.03) and an insignificant 7 percent overall improvement in design quality (p = 0.22), though a much larger improvement was observed on the first change task ( 56 percent), at the expense of an insignificant 14 percent increase in development time caused by the overhead of updating the UML documentation (p = 0.35).

关键词： empirical software engineering UML modeling object-oriented programming software maintainability quasiexperiment

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