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Steam tables for pure water as an ActiveX component in Visual Basic 6.0

COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES 2003年第9期29卷 1155-1163页

作者： Verma, MP Geotermia Inst Invest Elect Cuernavaca 62490 Morelos Mexico

The IAPWS-95 formulation for the thermodynamic properties of pure water was implemented as an ActiveX component (SteamTables) in Visual Basic 6.0. For input parameters as temperature (T = 190-2000K) and pressure (P = 3.23 x 10(-8)-10,000 MPa) the program SteamTables calculates the following properties: volume (V), density (D), compressibility factor (Z(0)), internal energy (U), enthalpy (H), Gibbs free energy (G), Helmholtz free energy (A), entropy (S), heat capacity at constant pressure (C-p), heat capacity at constant volume (C-v), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), isothermal compressibility (Z(iso)), velocity of sound (VelS), partial derivative of P with T at constant V (dPdT), partial derivative of T with Vat constant P (dTdV), partial derivative of V with P at constant T (dVdP), Joule-Thomson coefficient (JTC), isothermal throttling coefficient (IJTC), viscosity (Vis), thermal conductivity (ThrmCond), surface tension (SurfTen), Prandtl number (PrdNum) and dielectric constant (DielCons) for the liquid and vapor phases of pure water. It also calculates T as a function of P (or P as a function of T) along the sublimation, saturation and critical isochor curves, depending on the values of P (or T). The SteamTables can be incorporated in a program in any computer language, which supports object link embedding (OLE) in the Windows environment. An application of SteamTables is illustrated in a program in Visual Basic 6.0 to tabulate the values of the thermodynamic properties of water and vapor. Similarly, four functions, Temperature(Press), Pressure(Temp), State(Temp, Press) and WtrStmTbls(Temp, Press, Nphs, Nprop), where Temp, Press, Nphs and Nprop are temperature, pressure, phase number and property number, respectively, are written in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to use the SteamTables in a workbook in MS-Excel. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： steam tables water PVT characteristics object-oriented programming Visual Basic 6.0 IAPWS-95 formulation VBA MS-Excel

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Computer simulation of industrial dryers

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DRYING TECHNOLOGY 1996年第5期14卷 971-1010页

作者： MarinosKouris, D Maroulis, ZB Kiranoudis, CT [a] Department of Chemical Engineering. National Technical University Athens Greece

The use of computers to perform simulation of chemical engineering processes has lead to the development of software tools that perform most tedious computations in the field of process analysis and design. The most popular structures regarding process simulation of conventional and specialized processes are analyzed properly by considering the basic parts of commercial programs. Computational procedures, graphical aspects, management of properties database are outlined. Modeling aspects of drying technology regarding simulation are summarized and classified. The need for specialized software and development efforts in the field of commercial dryers simulation are emphasized and appropriately addressed. Modern aspects, such as object-oriented programming in simulation of industrial dryers are suitably presented and various case studies are used to indicate the effectiveness of modern simulation methods in the field of dryers operation.

关键词： process flowsheeting process analysis modular and equation-oriented simulation software modeling of industrial dryers object-oriented programming

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Integration testing of object-oriented and Aspect-oriented programs: A structural pairwise approach for Java

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2009年第10期74卷 861-878页

作者： Lazzarini Lemos, Otavio Augusto Franchin, Ivan Gustavo Masiero, Paulo Cesar ICMC USP Dept Sistemas Comp BR-13560970 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

Several testing approaches focus on finding faults in software units of implementation. A problem not addressed by unit testing is the interaction among units, with respect to the correctness of their interfaces. In this paper a structural integration testing approach for object-oriented (00) and Aspect-oriented (AO) Java programs is presented. To make the activity more feasible, we address the testing of pairs of units (i.e., methods and pieces of advice). A model called PWDU (PairWise Def-Use) graph to represent the flow of control and data between pairs of units is proposed. Based on the PWDU, the following family of testing criteria is defined: all-pairwise-integrated-nodes (control-flow based), all-pairwise-integrated-edges (control-flow based), and all-pairwise-integrated-uses (data-flow based). To evaluate the proposed approach, an implementation of the criteria in a testing tool is presented along with an example of usage and an exploratory study. The study with 7 AO programs that are also 00 was conducted to investigate the cost of application and usefulness of the approach. Results provided evidence that the criteria are practical and useful for integration testing of 00 and AO programs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software testing object-oriented programming Aspect-oriented programming Structural testing Integration testing Testing criteria Testing object-oriented programs Testing Aspect-oriented programs Java

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Modular invariants for layered object structures

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2006年第3期62卷 253-286页

作者： Muller, Peter Poetzsch-Heffter, Arnd Leavens, Gary T. ETH ETH Zentrum CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Tech Univ Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany Iowa State Univ Ames IA USA

Classical specification and verification techniques support invariants for individual objects whose fields are primitive values, but do not allow sound modular reasoning about invariants involving more complex object structures. Such non-trivial object structures are common, and occur in lists, hash tables, and whenever systems are built in layers. A sound and modular verification technique for layered object structures has to deal with the well-known problem of representation exposure and the problem that invariants of higher layers are potentially violated by methods in lower layers;such methods cannot be modularly shown to preserve these invariants. We generalize classical techniques to cover layered object structures using a refined semantics for invariants based on an ownership model for alias control. This semantics enables sound and modular reasoning. We further extend this ownership technique to even more expressive invariants that gain their modularity by imposing certain visibility requirements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： invariant object-oriented programming modular verification ownership visibility JML

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Precise time integration for linear two-point boundary value problems

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APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION 2006年第1期175卷 182-211页

作者： Chen, Biaosong Tong, Liyong Gu, Yuanxian Dalian Univ Technol State Key Lab Struct Anal Ind Equipment Dept Engn Mech Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Univ Sydney Sch Aerosp Mech & Mechatron Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

The precise time integration (PTI) method is proposed to solve the linear two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP). By employing the method of dimensional expanding, the non-homogeneous ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be transformed into homogeneous ones and then the original PTI algorithms can be applied directly to the TPBVP. The PTI consists of two methods: the method of matrix exponential and the method of Riccati equations, both of which utilize the merit of 2(N) algorithm and guarantee high precise numerical results. The method of matrix exponential follows the similar scheme proposed for initial value problem of ODEs, and uses the matrix exponential to link boundary conditions between the two points. The method of Riccati equations employs the Riccati equations to express the relationships of two point boundary conditions. And then in terms of the relationships of boundary conditions at two points, the full conditions at initial point can be obtained and then the TPBVP can be transformed into initial value problem and then solved by direct time marching scheme. With some modifications, the. above algorithms can be directly extended to the infinite-interval problem and the variant coefficient ODEs problem. In the program implementation, the object-oriented (OO) design of PTI is proposed to demonstrate the applicability and easy maintenance of OO techniques in numerical computation. Finally, four selected numerical examples are given to show the high precision characteristics of PTI. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： precise time integration Riccati equations two point boundary value problem matrix exponential object-oriented programming

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On piggyback runtime monitoring of object-oriented programs

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2015年第2期17卷 125-142页

作者： Halle, Sylvain Vallet, Jason Tremblay-Lessard, Raphael Univ Quebec Chicoutimi Lab Informat Formelle Chicoutimi PQ Canada

A runtime monitor enforcing a constraint on sequences of method calls on an object involves the implementation of an independent piece of code called a monitor. This monitor intercepts relevant events in the program and must keep track of the state of the sequence by updating an appropriate state machine. The present paper stems from the observation that an object's member fields must already contain an encoding of that state machine and that a monitor essentially duplicates operations that the object performs internally. Rather than maintaining a state machine in parallel, the paper puts forward the concept of "piggyback" runtime monitoring, where the monitor relies as much as possible on the object's own state variables to perform its task. Experiments on real-world benchmarks show that this approach greatly simplifies the monitoring process and drastically reduces the incurred runtime overhead compared to classical solutions.

关键词： Runtime monitoring Preconditions Interface contract object-oriented programming

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Reducing the use of nullable types through non-null by default and monotonic non-null

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IET SOFTWARE 2008年第6期2卷 515-531页

作者： Chalin, P. James, P. R. Rioux, F. Concordia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn Dependable Software Res Grp Montreal PQ Canada

With Java 5 annotations, the authors note a marked increase in tools that can statically detect potential null dereferences. To be effective, such tools require that developers annotate declarations with nullity modifiers and have annotated API libraries. Unfortunately, in the experience of the authors, specifying moderately large code bases, the use of non-null annotations is more labour intensive than it should be. Motivated by this experience, the authors conducted an empirical study of five open source projects totalling 700K lines-of-code, which confirms that, on average, 75% of reference declarations are meant to be non-null, by design. Guided by these results, the authors propose the adoption of non-null-by-default semantics. This new default has advantages of better matching general practice, lightening developer annotation burden and being safer. The authors also describe the Eclipse Java Modelling Language (JML) Java Development Tooling (JDT), a tool supporting the new semantics, including the ability to read the extensive API library specifications written in the JML. Issues of backwards compatibility are addressed. In a second phase of the empirical study, the authors analysed the uses of null and noted that over half of the nullable field references are only assigned non-null values. For this category of reference, the authors introduce the concept of monotonic non-null type and illustrate the benefits of its use.

关键词： lightening developer annotation application program interfaces eclipse Java modelling language Java development tooling Software engineering techniques Operating systems Java annotated API libraries software libraries monotonic nonnull type annotation object-oriented programming Java 5 annotations High level languages

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Quality assessment of Landsat surface reflectance products using MODIS data

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COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES 2012年第1期38卷 9-22页

作者： Feng, Min Huang, Chengquan Channan, Saurabh Vermote, Eric F. Masek, Jeffrey G. Townshend, John R. Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Univ Maryland Dept Geog Global Land Cover Facil College Pk MD 20742 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Biospher Sci Branch Greenbelt MD 20771 USA

Surface reflectance adjusted for atmospheric effects is a primary input for land cover change detection and for developing many higher level surface geophysical parameters. With the development of automated atmospheric correction algorithms, it is now feasible to produce large quantities of surface reflectance products using Landsat images. Validation of these products requires in situ measurements, which either do not exist or are difficult to obtain for most Landsat images. The surface reflectance products derived using data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MOD'S), however, have been validated more comprehensively. Because the MODIS on the Terra platform and the Landsat 7 are only half an hour apart following the same orbit, and each of the 6 Landsat spectral bands overlaps with a MODIS band, good agreements between MODIS and Landsat surface reflectance values can be considered indicators of the reliability of the Landsat products, while disagreements may suggest potential quality problems that need to be further investigated. Here we develop a system called Landsat-MODIS Consistency Checking System (LMCCS). This system automatically matches Landsat data with MODIS observations acquired on the same date over the same locations and uses them to calculate a set of agreement metrics. To maximize its portability, Java and open-source libraries were used in developing this system, and object-oriented programming (OOP) principles were followed to make it more flexible for future expansion. As a highly automated system designed to run as a stand-alone package or as a component of other Landsat data processing systems, this system can be used to assess the quality of essentially every Landsat surface reflectance image where spatially and temporally matching MODIS data are available. The effectiveness of this system was demonstrated using it to assess preliminary surface reflectance products derived using the Global Land Survey (GLS) Landsat i

关键词： Surface reflectance Landsat MODIS object-oriented programming Quality assessment

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Application of an object-oriented framework methodology to the control of manufacturing cells

COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

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COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 1996年第4期9卷 231-243页

作者： Hoche, O Broomhead, P Grieve, RJ Chestney, JA DOWTY AEROSP PROPELLERS GLOUCESTER GL2 9QHENGLAND

This paper describes the application of an object-orientated framework for the control of manufacturing cells, The general principles of automated cell and robot control at the function and task levels are developed, and the appropriate modelling and programming concepts introduced, A multitasking control system for a specific automated cell for multilayer carbon fibre component manufacturing has been designed and developed using these principles, One feature of the work is the re-engineering of existing code so as to accommodate object-oriented principles, The resulting system is able to execute the manufacturing process safely and simultaneously on several parts of the same component, thus ensuring a high operating device utilization, The cell comprises two robots with specialized end effecters, a laser cutting table, a lay-up table and various inspection devices.

关键词： computer integrated manufacturing manufacturing cell control scheduling object-oriented programming

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Assume-guarantee verification of software components in SOFA 2 framework

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IET SOFTWARE 2010年第3期4卷 210-221页

作者： Parizek, P. Plasil, F. Charles Univ Prague Fac Math & Phys Dept Software Engn Distributed Syst Res Grp Prague 11800 1 Czech Republic Acad Sci Czech Republ Inst Comp Sci Prague 18207 8 Czech Republic

A key problem in compositional model checking of software systems is that typical model checkers accept only closed systems (runnable programs) and therefore a component cannot be model-checked directly. A typical solution is to create an artificial environment for the component such that its composition forms a runnable program that can be model-checked. Although it is possible to create a universal environment that performs all possible sequences and interleavings of calls of the component's methods, for practical purposes it is sufficient to capture in this way just the use of the component in a particular software system-this idea is expressed by the paradigm of assume-guarantee reasoning. The authors present an approach to assume-guarantee-based veri. cation of software systems in the context of the SOFA 2 component framework. They provide an overview of the approach to the construction of an artificial environment for the veri. cation of SOFA 2 components implemented in Java with the Java PathFinder model checker. They also show the benefits of their approach on results of experiments with a non-trivial software system and discuss its advantages over other approaches with similar goals.

关键词： formal verification Formal methods software components Java PathFinder model checker Java object-oriented programming assume-guarantee verification compositional model checking SOFA 2 framework assume-guarantee reasoning

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