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An object-oriented constraints-based system for concurrent product development

ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 1999年第2期15卷 133-144页

作者： Gayretli, A Abdalla, HS De Montfort Univ Fac Comp Sci & Engn Dept Mech & Mfg Engn Leicester LE1 9BH Leics England

This research work aims to develop an intelligent constraint-based system that enables designers to consider at the early stages of the design process all activities associated with product's life cycle. One of the most important aspects of these activities is the evaluation and optimisation of manufacturing processes that require various type of information from the different aspects of product's life cycle. This research article discusses the development of a prototype system for manufacturing process optimisation using a combination of both mathematical methods and constraint-programming techniques. This approach enables designers to evaluate and optimise feasible manufacturing professes in a consistent manner as early as possible during the design process. This helps in avoiding unexpected design iterations that wastage a great amount of time and effort, leading to longer lead-time. The development process has passed through the five major stages: Firstly, an intelligent constraint-based design system for concurrent product and process design has been developed. Secondly, a manufacturing process optimisation module has been constructed. Thirdly, the product features, processes, cost, time and constraints to be used for carrying out various design tasks has been represented in the format of constraints, frames, objects, and rules. Fourthly, the process optimisation and evaluation rules for the selection of feasible processes for complex features, and finally, the information management system that ensures consistency in information exchange and decision making activities have been developed. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： feature-based design object-oriented programming concurrent engineering process optimisation cost estimation constraints knowledge-based systems

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Modeling of concentrated aqueous solutions: Efficient implementation of Pitzer equations in geochemical and reactive transport models

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COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES 2010年第4期36卷 526-538页

作者： Bea, S. A. Carrera, J. Ayora, C. Baffle, F. CSIC Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA GHS E-08028 Barcelona Spain

Modeling concentrated solutions demands the use of ion-interaction models such as Pitzer equations, which involve a large number of operations. Implementation of these models in large reactive transport simulations significantly increases the computation time with respect to traditional activity coefficient models. CPU time depends on the efficiency of (1) the Pitzer algorithm itself, and (2) the speciation algorithm. We present an implementation of the Pitzer model that improves traditional implementations by using a compact matrix approach. This facilitates programming and computation of derivatives. The use of analytic derivatives allows the use of Newton-Raphson algorithms, which converge quickly. The approach is implemented in an object-oriented programming (OOP) scheme by creating an entity that represents the thermodynamic behavior of both dilute and concentrated solutions. This entity is readily linked to any geochemical or reactive transport codes. We show that the code is robust, in that its implementation improves the convergence in a broad range of geochemical calculations, and efficient, in that its CPU time compares favorably with other codes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pitzer HMW model Geochemical modeling Concentrated solutions Reactive transport modeling object-oriented programming Invariant points Evaporation of seawater

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A simulation platform for computing energy consumption and emissions in transportation networks

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT 2008年第7期13卷 413-427页

作者： Cortes, Cristian E. Vargas, Luis S. Corvalan, Roberto M. Univ Chile Santiago Chile

This work presents a methodology for studying the transportation and energy sectors in an integrated fashion. It is based on an object-oriented model that identifies and simulates transportation activity, both urban and interurban, to compute emissions and energy consumption. The approach is oriented towards strategic planning studies with a time horizon of ten years. A software code using Java technology is developed and applied to the main Chilean transportation systems. The software provides a basis for studying the effects of transportation on the environment. This methodology should be capable of predicting the impact due to the future implementation of technological improvements and policies at a country-wide level. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy Power systems Chilean transportation Networks object-oriented programming

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The crisis of contemporary science

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KYBERNETES 2006年第3-4期35卷 497-521页

作者： Kjellman, A Stockholm Univ KTH Dept Comp & Syst Sci Kista Sweden

Purpose - To present a new approach to scientific thinking (paradigm) that avoids the shortcomings and inconsistencies of the prevailing Newtonian approach. Design/methodology/approach - The signs of a science in crisis are reviewed and some of its shortcomings are compiled and connected to some misleading fundamental assumptions of the reigning paradigm of science. Calls attention to a current fundamental misunderstanding of the human capacity of observation - especially the negligence of the conceptual feedback loops of the human mind that make up the core of human learning capacity. Findings - When using a subject-oriented approach (SOA) to science, which takes off from the individual knowing the subject (methodological solipsism), it is possible to consistently construct a knower's science where all today's misleading assumptions can be successfully removed. This effort results in an abstract constructivist epistemology, where the reversed cause-effect chain severely upsets the classically trained mind - especially in natural science. Research limitations/implications - There is a great deal of work left to examine the soundness of these ideas and pave the way for such a profound re-orientation of traditional science that as a first step will be concerned with elucidating and explicating a wide range of problems and concerns in set and decision theory, logic, and mathematics. This is essentially to launch a research programme in these areas that as a next step includes all natural and social sciences that will appear in a new light when viewed from a first person, SOA. Practical implications - There is no other way for science to evade the prevailing crisis but to involve, in its very Kuhnian sense, a radical change of paradigm. In this view, the realist confusion, which is responsible for the genesis of Cartesian dualism and a row of other inconsistencies met with intoday's science, will slowly vanish, as will the embarrassing gulf between the natural and socia

关键词： sciences object-oriented programming sociocybernetics

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KNOWLEDGE-BASED CASE TOOLS - IMPROVING PERFORMANCE USING DOMAIN-SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1994年第4期9卷 167-173页

作者： LLOYDWILLIAMS, M UNIV SHEFFIELD DEPT INFORMAT STUDIESSHEFFIELD S10 2TNS YORKSHIREENGLAND

Knowledge-based CASE tools are able to play an active part in the design of computer-based systems. Providing such tools with in-built domain-specific (or 'real world') knowledge can enhance both the performance and the appearance of intelligence. However, little work has so far been carried out as to how this might be achieved. The paper illustrates how such knowledge may be provided in the form of generic models based on a thesaurus approach, and applies the technique to a knowledge-based CASE tool designed to support object-oriented design.

关键词： object-oriented design software tools generic models Expert systems and other AI software and techniques programming support intelligent design assistants object-oriented programming domain-specific knowledge thesaurus approach computer-based systems knowledge-based CASE tools knowledge representation object-oriented programming

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SEED-Config: a tool for conceptual structural design in a collaborative building design environment

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENGINEERING 2000年第3期14卷 233-247页

作者： Fenves, SJ Rivard, H Gomez, N Concordia Univ Ctr Bldg Studies Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada NIST Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA Florida Int Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Miami FL 33199 USA

SEED-Config is a design environment intended to assist structural designers in collaboratively exploring and extending the design buildings. Its purpose is to help designers in rapidly synthesizing alternative structural design solutions at the conceptual level to the point where the structural concept is supportive of the overall design and possible conflicts are explored and resolved. The SEED-Config prototype consists of four subsystems. The Design Information Repository is built upon an information model that exploits the hierarchical nature of building descriptions to represent design information. It can save an overall design or parts of a design to a case library, thus supporting case-based reasoning. The Design Knowledge Manager allows for the browsing, editing, selecting and applying of technology nodes which encapsulate structural design knowledge. The Classification Reference Manager allows for the definition, management, inference and querying of classifications which are used to classify and index design solutions as they are generated. The Geometric Modeler reasons about topology and geometry. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： design environment conceptual design building design structural design collaborative design case-based reasoning information model knowledge representation classification and indexing object-oriented programming

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A hybrid data fusion approach to the hierarchical mapping of land-cover types in the urban core

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 2017年第19期38卷 5338-5356页

作者： Kokje, Amit Gao, Jay de Freitas, C. R. Univ Auckland Sch Environm 23 Symonds St Auckland 1142 New Zealand

It is difficult to map land covers in the urban core due to the close proximity of high-rise buildings. This difficulty is overcome with a proposed hybrid, the hierarchical method via fusing PAN-sharpened WorldView-2 imagery with light detection and ranging (lidar) data for central Auckland, New Zealand, in two stages. After all features were categorized into 'ground' and 'above-ground' using lidar data, ground features were classified from the satellite data using the object-oriented method. Above-ground covers were grouped into four types from lidar-derived digital surface model (nDSM) based on rules. Ground and above-ground features were classified at an accuracy of 94.1% (kappa coefficient or kappa = 0.913) and 93.7% (kappa = 0.873), respectively. After the two results were merged, the nine covers achieved an overall accuracy of 93.7% (kappa = 0.902). This accuracy is highly comparable to those reported in the literature, but was achieved at much less computational expense and complexity owing to the hybrid workflow that optimizes the efficiency of the respective classifiers. This hybrid method of classification is robust and applicable to other scenes without modification as the required parameters are derived automatically from the data to be classified. It is also flexible in incorporating user-defined rules targeting hard-to-discriminate covers. Mapping accuracy from the fused complementary data sets was adversely affected by shadows in the satellite image and the differential acquisition time of imagery and lidar data.

关键词： Accuracy Satellite data object oriented High rise buildings object-oriented programming Buildings Optical radar Satellite imagery Image detection Workflow Shadows Land use Lidar Mapping Parameter modification Parameter robustness Proximity Data integration Image acquisition Complexity Land cover Multisensor fusion Satellites Imagery Acquisition Data Methodology Detection

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Node-based dynamic adaptive grid with quadrilateral and hexahedral elements

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ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE 1999年第1期30卷 31-41页

作者： Wang, GH Tyler, JM Weltman, JS Callahan, JD Geoquest Unit Schlumberger Houston TX 77056 USA Louisiana State Univ Dept Comp Sci Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Innovat Emergency Management Baton Rouge LA 70809 USA InControl Technol Houston TX 77068 USA

A node-based data structure is developed for use in either two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) problems. This grid uses quadrilateral (2-D) or hexahedral (3-D) elements and is dynamically adaptive according to the 1-irregular requirement for refinement-derefinement. Implemented in C + +,the grid consists of node objects linked with pointers to neighboring node objects. The algorithm used to traverse the grid starts at the first node of the grid and constructs each FEM element by following the links of the nodes. This algorithm uses a stack to maintain the correct order of elements during the grid traversals. Because the elements and their connectivity are not permanently stored, the computer storage requirements for the grid are reduced significantly in 3-D compared with an element-based approach. Although the node-based approach may increase the CPU-time and complexity to access an element, it reduces the complexity and time required to refine and derefine an element. This implementation is applicable to many FEM domains. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： dynamic adaptive mesh adaptive finite elements nodal-based data structures object-oriented programming C++ FORTRAN

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object-oriented BACKPROPAGATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO STRUCTURAL DESIGN

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NEUROCOMPUTING 1994年第1期6卷 45-55页

作者： HUNG, SL ADELI, H OHIO STATE UNIV DEPT CIVIL ENGNCOLUMBUSOH 43210

A multilayer neural network development environment, called ANNDE, is presented for implementing effective learning algorithms for the domain of engineering design using the object-oriented programming paradigm. It consists of five primary components: learning domain, neural nets, library of learning strategies, learning process, and analysis process. These components have been implemented as five classes in two object-oriented programming languages C++ and G++. The library of learning strategies includes generalized delta rule with error backpropagation. Several examples are presented for learning in the domain of structural engineering.

关键词： BACKPROPAGATION object-oriented programming STRUCTURAL DESIGN

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Transformation contracts in practice

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IET SOFTWARE 2012年第1期6卷 16-32页

作者： Braga, C. Menezes, R. Comicio, T. Santos, C. Landim, E. Univ Fed Fluminense Inst Computacao Niteroi RJ Brazil

Model-driven development (MDD) is a software engineering discipline which suggests that software development should be done at the modelling level and that applications should be generated from models. A key concept of MDD is a model transformation that generates software artifacts, such as code, from models. Since models are 'first-class' citizens in MDD, their verification and validation are important tasks and so are the model transformations. A transformation contract, which is also a model, is a specification of what a particular model transformation must implement and essentially specifies a relation between metamodels and properties that must hold on such a relation. The authors have defined a design pattern that enforces transformation contract correctness over model transformations implementations. This study reports on (i) the proposed design pattern, (ii) the design of the UMLtoEJB model transformation that generates application code, following the Enterprise Java Beans standard, from class diagrams described in the Unified Modelling Language, and (iii) a discussion on how the transformation contracts approach may help different actors, in an MDD software development process with transformation contracts, to identify erroneous situations.

关键词： Formal methods formal specification software artifacts software engineering discipline Unified Modeling Language design pattern metamodels UML to EJB model transformation Java transformation contracts Enterprise Java Beans standard object-oriented programming object-oriented programming software development model-driven development unified modelling language

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