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omnidirectional precoding for 3D Massive MIMO With Uniform Planar Arrays

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第4期19卷 2628-2642页

作者： Lu, An-An Gao, Xiqi Meng, Xin Xia, Xiang-Gen Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211111 Peoples R China Huawei Technol Co Ltd Wireless Network Res Dept Shanghai 201206 Peoples R China Univ Delaware Dept Elect & Comp Engn Newark DE 19716 USA

In this paper, we investigate the omnidirectional precoding for three dimensional (3D) massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) with uniform planar arrays (UPAs). The omnidirectional precoder is designed for public information transmission, where the channel state information (CSI) is usually not available at the base station (BS) and we would like to guarantee a performance to all users regardless of their angular positions. Thus, the first design objective of the precoding matrices is to satisfy the omnidirectional property, which means that the received mean power is constant at any angle. To ensure the power efficiency of each antenna, the per-antenna constant power constraint is also used in the design. Furthermore, the vectorized precoding matrices need to be mutually orthogonal to guarantee the spectral efficiency. The first two constraints can be satisfied by two dimensional Welti codes or two dimensional Golay arrays, whereas the third constraint is not necessarily satisfied by them. Furthermore, the methods to construct the Welti codes and Golay arrays are only given for certain array sizes. In this paper, we propose a novel and simple array design to construct the precoding matrices that satisfy the three properties. Based on the proposed array design, the design of the precoding matrices reduces to the design of a pair of complementary vectors having special structure, and the design of two sets of complementary orthonormal vectors with their aperiodic cross-correlation being zero. Finally, several examples of the omnidirectional precoding matrices for UPA generated by the proposed method are provided to verify the analytic results.

关键词： Massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) omnidirectional precoding uniform planar array (UPA) complementary arrays

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omnidirectional precoding for Massive MIMO With Uniform Rectangular Array-Part II: Numerical Optimization Based Schemes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2019年第18期67卷 4772-4781页

作者： Su, Dongliang Jiang, Yi Wang, Xin Gao, Xiqi Fudan Univ Shanghai Inst Adv Commun & Data Sci Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves Dept Commun Sci & Engn Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In Part II of this two-part paper, we develop novel numerical optimization approaches to design omnidirectional precoding schemes for a massive multiple-input multiple-output system equipped with a uniform rectangular array (URA). To this end, we first formulate the omnidirectional precoding design as a semidefinite program (SDP) with rank constraint. An iterative rank-reduction algorithm is then proposed to produce omnidirectional transmission solution with a minimum number of precoding vectors. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can always obtain three precoding vectors (i.e.,a rank-3 precoding matrix) to generate a perfectly omnidirectional power radiation pattern for any P x Q URA with min{ P, Q} > 2, or yield an omnidirectional transmission solution with (theoretically minimum) two precoding vectors for any P x Q URA with min{P, Q} <= 2. In addition, to facilitate analog precoding design, we further impose constant-modulus constraints for every entries of the precoding matrix. Through judicious (re-)formulation, we develop an efficient Newton's method, which can compute four constant-modulus preceding vectors to generate an omnidirectional power radiation pattern for any URA configuration. The numerical results demonstrate the merits of the proposed schemes.

关键词： omnidirectional precoding common signal rank reduction Newton's method uniform rectangular array

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omnidirectional precoding Designs Based on 2-D Golay Complementary Array Pairs for Massive MIMO Systems With Fully-Connected and Partially-Connected Structures

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第5期72卷 3019-3034页

作者： Men, Xinyu Li, Yubo Yanshan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Qinhuangdao 066004 Peoples R China Hebei Key Lab Informat Transmiss & Signal Proc Qinhuangdao 066004 Peoples R China

Recently, the design of omnidirectional precoding has been widely studied for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. For the base station (BS) equipped with a uniform rectangular array (URA), the current state-of-the-art scheme uses two-dimensional (2-D) Golay complementary array pairs (GCAPs)/Golay complementary array sets (GCASs) as precoding matrices to achieve omnidirectional transmission. However, the existing constructions of 2-D GCAP/GCAS-based precoding can just be implemented using the analog phase shifter network with fully-connected structure (FCS), and the existing parameters of 2-D GCAPs constructed from function-based methods are limited. More specifically, the array sizes are in the form of a power-of-two. In this paper, utilizing the truncation technique, we presented three constructions of new 2-D GCAPs with non-power-of-two array sizes from 2-D generalized Boolean functions (GBFs), which have never been reported in the literature. The proposed constructions include 2-D GCAPs with power-of-two array sizes as a special case, with flexible parameters. Moreover, we further provide a theoretical connection between 2-D GBFs and precoding matrices, such that the omnidirectional precoding scheme based on the proposed 2-D GCAPs is applicable to both FCS and partially-connected structure (PCS). Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the precoding scheme is useful in massive MIMO omnidirectional transmission systems.

关键词： precoding Massive MIMO Antenna arrays Two-dimensional displays Arrays Transmission line matrix methods Radio frequency omnidirectional precoding massive MIMO uniform rectangular array (URA) two-dimensional (2-D) Golay complementary array pairs (GCAPs) 2-D generalized Boolean functions (GBFs)

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Constructions of 2-D Golay Complementary Array Sets With Flexible Array Sizes for omnidirectional precoding in Massive MIMO

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2023年第5期27卷 1302-1306页

作者： Men, Xinyu Liu, Tao Li, Yubo Liu, Mingxin Yanshan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Qinhuangdao Peoples R China Hebei Key Lab Informat Transmission & Signal Proc Qinhuangdao 066004 Peoples R China Guangdong Ocean Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Zhanjiang 524000 Peoples R China

Constructing two-dimensional (2-D) Golay complementary array sets (GCASs) with flexible array sizes become an important topic due to their practical application for omnidirectional precoding in massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. In this letter, we propose two direct constructions of GCASs from 2-D extended generalized Boolean functions (EGBFs). Compared with the previous works, the presented constructions lead to more flexible array sizes for a fixed set size, which may give an extra benefit in accommodating more URA configurations. Simulation results indicate that the proposed GCASs can be employed as precoding matrices to achieve omnidirectional transmission, and behave a superior bit error rate (BER) performance over other schemes.

关键词： precoding Bit error rate Two dimensional displays Boolean functions Massive MIMO Time-domain analysis Stacking Two-dimensional (2-D) Golay complementary array set (GCAS) omnidirectional precoding massive MIMO system 2-D extended generalized Boolean functions (EGBFs)

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omnidirectional precoding for massive MIMO with uniform rectangular array in presence of mutual coupling

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2022年第0期130卷

作者： Mavarayi, Leila Atashbar, Mahmoud Azarbaijan Shahid Madani Univ Dept Elect Engn Tabriz Iran Azarbaijan Shahid Madani Univ Dept Elect Engn Tabriz Iran

The massive Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) system is one of the technologies in 6 -Generation (6G) communication networks. omnidirectional or broad coverage precoding is used in massive MIMO to broadcast the common signals from public channels to all active and non-active users so that the radiation power of these signals is constant in all spatial directions. On the other hand, in large-scale array antennas, the presence of mutual coupling leads to deteriorating the performance of MIMO systems. In this paper, we propose omnidirectional precoding of the massive MIMO equipped with a Uniform Rectangular Array (URA) in presence of the mutual coupling. In the proposed method, omnidirectional transmission and maximum achievable ergodic rate conditions are developed for the case that mutual coupling exists, then an omnidirectional precoding matrix is designed to satisfy three constraints: 1) omnidirectional transmission, 2) Equal average power transmission per antenna, and 3) Maximum achievable ergodic rate. For this purpose, we show that an omnidirectional matrix can be reconstructed using a pair of vectors with elements' absolute value equal to one that forms a Complementary Set (CS), and the Complete Complementary Codes (CCC) that satisfied some conditions. The intended CS is selected from the Golay sequence and the intended CCC is obtained by solving a gradient algorithm with projection on the Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds. Simulation results confirm the expected results.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Broad coverage precoding Manifold optimization Massive MIMO omnidirectional precoding Complementary set

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Flexible Quasi-omnidirectional precoding for Full-Dimension massive MIMO systems

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AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2022年 144卷

作者： Mavarayi, Leila Atashbar, Mahmoud Zaker, Reza Azarbaijan Shahid Madani Univ Dept Elect Engn Tabriz Iran

In Massive MIMO, for transferring information in downlink, directional and omnidirectional precoding schemes are used. omnidirectional precoding is used to broadcast the common signals such as synchronization or control signals to all users. The main purpose of omnidirectional precoding is to design the precoding matrix so the signals sent on downlink are emitted with equal and maximum energy in all directions. In the existing method, the omnidirectional precoding is designed for 180-degree broad coverage. In practice, there are some states in which the users in the cell are placed at limited angles, which leads to necessary need of broad coverage less than 180-degree. In this paper, we propose a flexible quasi-omnidirectional precoding method which allows the space coverage range less than 180-degree for full-dimensional massive MIMO. For designing the precoding matrix of the proposed method, quasi-omnidirectional, equal transmitting power of the all antennas and maximum transmitting rate constraints were used. In the proposed method, by changing the distance between adjacent antennas in the antenna array, the space coverage range of the antenna arrays is changed. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in term of the space coverage range, HPSC, and SLL.

关键词： Broad coverage Common signals Massive MIMO omnidirectional precoding

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Construction of Golay Complementary Matrices and Its Applications to MIMO omnidirectional Transmission

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2021年 69卷 2100-2113页

作者： Li, Fengjie Jiang, Yi Du, Cheng Wang, Xin Fudan Univ Key Lab Informat Sci Electmagnet Waves MoE Dept Commun Sci & Engn Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

Golay complementary sequences (GCS) have found wide applications in radar and communications thanks to their prominent property of complementary autocorrelation. This paper studies the extension of Golay complementary sequences to Golay complementary matrices (GCM), i.e, a pair of matrices whose two-dimensional autocorrelations add to be a two-dimensional delta-function. While the construction of (real) binary GCM are available in the literature, how to construct the quaternary GCM (and the more general unimodular GCM) remains unknown. We put together this missing piece, and show the feasible size that allows for binary and quaternary GCM. The feasible sizes can be further expanded if the phases of the matrices' entries can be arbitrary. In addition, we consider the extension of the GCM to the set of N (N >= 2) matrices, whose two-dimensional autocorrelations add to be a two-dimensional d-function, which we refer to as autocorrelation complementary matrices (ACM). For N = 4, the ACM allows for matrices of arbitrary size. The GCM/ACM can be applied to omnidirectional transmission for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system with a uniform rectangular array (URA), which is useful for broadcasting cell-wide common messages. We propose two schemes for omnidirectional transmission, one is based on space-time block code (STBC) and the other is based on the dual cross-polarization of the antenna array. Both schemes can be implemented in the radio frequency (RF) analog domain, generating (theoretically) perfect omnidirectional beampattern with low hardware cost.

关键词： Complete complementary codes Golay complementary sequences omnidirectional precoding uniform rectangular array

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Polyphase Golay Complementary Arrays: The Possible Sizes and New Constructions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2024年第2期70卷 1422-1435页

作者： Du, Cheng Jiang, Yi Fudan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Dept Commun Sci & Engn Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet WavesMoE Shanghai 200438 Peoples R China

Motivated by the recent application of two-dimensional Golay complementary arrays (2-D GCA) in uniform rectangular array (URA) -based omnidirectional precoding for the next generation of cellular communications, we propose in this paper new constructions of GCA pairs and GCA quads, which allow for more possible sizes. These constructions are facilitated by four identities over a commutative ring, of which two are established results of quaternions and octonions and the others are novel. We prove that the size of a 4-phase GCA pair is possible if the product of the array sizes in all dimensions is a 4-phase Golay number with an additional constraint on the factorization of the product. For 2-phase 2-D GCA quads, all sizes no greater than $78\times 78$ can be covered. For 4-phase GCA quads, all the positive integers within 1000 can be covered for the size in one dimension. Besides producing GCAs that can accommodate to antenna arrays of various sizes, this study also yields new Hadamard matrices of sizes previously unavailable.

关键词： Antenna arrays Modules (abstract algebra) Autocorrelation precoding Error correction codes Error correction Convolution Golay complementary array pair GCA quad Golay number omnidirectional precoding

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Constructions of 2-D Golay Complementary Array Sets for MIMO omnidirectional Transmission

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第7期26卷 1459-1463页

作者： Liu, Tao Men, Xinyu Li, Yubo Chen, Xiaoyu Yanshan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Qinhuangdao 066004 Hebei Peoples R China Hebei Key Lab Informat Transmiss & Signal Proc Qinhuangdao 066004 Hebei Peoples R China

Two-dimensional (2-D) Golay complementary array sets (GCASs) have found important applications in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems equipped with a uniform rectangular array (URA), which are employed as precoding matrices to produce omnidirectional transmission. In this letter, new constructions of 2-D GCASs based on 2-D multivariable functions are presented. Compared with the existing constructions in the literature, the proposed constructions can be represented by explicit function forms that are more convenient to use in practical applications. Furthermore, 2-D GCASs with new parameters are obtained. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed 2-D GCASs are useful in massive MIMO systems.

关键词： precoding Two dimensional displays Massive MIMO Codes Stacking Signal processing Radar Two-dimensional (2-D) Golay complementary array set (GCAS) multivariable function omnidirectional precoding uniform rectangular array (URA) massive MIMO

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Two-Dimensional Quasi-Complementary Array Sets for omnidirectional Transmission in Massive MIMO Systems

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第8期13卷 2115-2119页

作者： Liu, Tao Hou, Saiyin Men, Xinyu Li, Yubo Yanshan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Qinhuangdao 066004 Peoples R China Yanshan Univ Hebei Key Lab Informat Transmiss & Signal Proc Qinhuangdao Peoples R China

Golay complementary array sets (GCASs) have excellent practical applications for omnidirectional precoding in massive multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems due to their ideal autocorrelation property. However, the array parameters of the GCAS are limited in the literature, which means it cannot accommodate more antenna configurations in many scenes. In this letter, a class of two-dimensional (2-D) quasi-complementary array sets (QCASs) is introduced, in which the peak sidelobe level (PSL) of the sum aperiodic autocorrelations holds below a certain threshold. Furthermore, based on Newton's method, a numerical optimization algorithm for generating QCASs is presented. It is noted that 2-D QCASs are available in more flexible array sizes than the conventional 2-D GCASs and hence these arrays are useful in more MIMO systems. Finally, simulation results of the omnidirectional precoding based on the proposed 2-D QCASs are provided to verify the transmission performance.

关键词： precoding Newton method Autocorrelation Antenna arrays Wireless communication Transmitting antennas Massive MIMO Golay complementary array sets (GCASs) omnidirectional precoding massive MIMO system Newton's method

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