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A Critical Review of open source software development: Freedom or Benefit Libertarian View Versus Corporate View

IT PROFESSIONAL 2021年第1期23卷 16-26页

作者： Ahmad, Rizwan Univ Sydney Business Sch Darlington NSW Australia

This is a critical literature review of the open-source software landscape and what purpose it aims to serve by accelerating a debate in the field of IS about what open source means and how it has transformed the social and economic landscape of the software industry. As the general population has developed an increased dependence on information technology, the necessity for quality software offerings has also increased. This article attempts to present, interpret, and compare the two contrasting theories of the open-source landscape-the libertarian view versus the corporate view. Subsequently, it aims to delve into the battle of these two conflicting theories and what their interpretations present from the perspective of socially embedded lens-freedom or benefit (profit). This article will examine the differing opinions and dichotomy of the scholars from multiple angles and if the juxtaposition of these two theories creates the holistic view of the landscape.

关键词： DP Industry Information Technology Public Domain software software Quality open source software development Corporate View Critical Literature Review open source software Landscape Social Landscape Economic Landscape software Industry Quality software Offerings Libertarian View Information Technology Analytical Models Social Networking Online Sociology software Reliability Statistics open source software software Devevelopment Management

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Managing Code Debt in open source software development Projects: A Digital Options Perspective 26

Managing Code Debt in Open Source Software Development Proje...

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Conference of the Association-for-Information-Systems (AMCIS)

作者： Yang, Yukun Boodraj, Maheshwar Georgia State Univ Atlanta GA 30303 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781733632546

In this study, we examine the impact of three commonly used digital options on the accumulation of code debt in open source software development (OSSD) projects. Further, we examine the impact of code debt on three measures of OSSD project performance. Specifically, we hypothesize that increased use of defer options and abandon options is negatively related to the accumulation of code debt, while increased use of growth options is positively related to the accumulation of code debt. Further, we hypothesize that while the accumulation of code debt is negatively related to a project's market success and the engagement of peripheral developers, it is positively related to the engagement of core developers. To test our hypotheses, we plan to collect and analyze project data from a leading OSSD platform. We expect our findings to provide new theoretical perspectives for researchers and actionable insights for software practitioners.

关键词： Digital options code debt technical debt open source software development IT project management

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Exploring and Expanding GSE Education with open source software development

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTING EDUCATION 2019年第2期19卷 1–23页

作者： Hjelsvold, Rune Mishra, Deepti Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Teknol Veien 22 N-2815 Gjovik Norway

Global software engineering (GSE) courses traditionally require cooperation between at least two universities so as to provide a distributed development environment to the students. In this study, we explore an alternative way to organize a global software engineering course where students work on open source software development (OSSD) projects rather than in a multi-university collaboration setting. The results show that the new setup may provide core GSE challenges as well as challenges associated with software development outsourcing and challenges related to working on large open source software. The present article compares the experiences gained from running a combined GSE and OSSD course against the experiences gained from running a traditional GSE course. The two alternatives are compared in terms of students' learning outcomes and course organization. The authors found that a combined GSE and OSSD course provides learning opportunities that are partly overlapping with, and partly complementary to, a traditional GSE course. The authors also found that the combined OSSD and GSE course was somewhat easier to organize because most of the activities took place in a single university setting. The authors used the extended GSE taxonomy for the comparison and found it to be a useful tool for this, although it had some limitations in expressive power. Therefore, two additional relationship dimensions are proposed that will further enrich the extended taxonomy in classifying GSE (and OSSD) projects.

关键词： Global software engineering GSE Education GSE Taxonomy open source software development software development Outsourcing OSS

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On the Use of Emoticons in open source software development 18

On the Use of Emoticons in Open Source Software Development

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12th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) as part of the Empirical software Engineering International Week (ESEIW)

作者： Claes, Maelick Mantyla, Mika Farooq, Umar Univ Oulu M3S ITEE Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450358231

Background: Using sentiment analysis to study software developers' behavior comes with challenges such as the presence of a large amount of technical discussion unlikely to express any positive or negative sentiment. However, emoticons provide information about developer sentiments that can easily be extracted from software repositories. Aim: We investigate how software developers use emoticons differently in issue trackers in order to better understand the differences between developers and determine to which extent emoticons can be used as in place of sentiment analysis. Method: We extract emoticons from 1.3M comments from Apache's issue tracker and 4.5M from Mozilla's issue tracker using regular expressions built from a list of emoticons used by SentiStrength and Wikipedia. We check for statistical differences using Mann-Whitney U tests and determine the effect size with Cliff's delta. Results: Overall Mozilla developers rely more on emoticons than Apache developers. While the overall rate of comments with emoticons is of 1% and 3% for Apache and Mozilla, some individual developers can have a rate up to 21%. Looking specifically at Mozilla developers, we find that western developers use significantly more emoticons (with medium size effect) than eastern developers. While the majority of emoticons are used to express joy, we find that Mozilla developers use emoticons more frequently to express sadness and surprise than Apache developers. Finally, we find that Apache developers use overall more emoticons during weekends than during weekdays, with the share of sad and surprised emoticons increasing during weekends. Conclusions: While emoticons are primarily used to express joy, the more occasional use of sad and surprised emoticons can potentially be utilized to detect frustration in place of sentiment analysis among developers using emoticons frequently enough.

关键词： Emoticons Sentiment Analysis Repository Mining Emoticon Usage Emotions open source software development

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Roles and politeness behavior in community-based free/libre open source software development

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INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2017年第5期54卷 573-582页

作者： Wei, Kangning Crowston, Kevin Eseryel, U. Yeliz Heckman, Robert Shandong Univ Sch Management Jinan 250100 Shandong Peoples R China Syracuse Univ Sch Informat Studies Syracuse NY 13244 USA Univ Groningen Dept Innovat Management & Strategy Fac Econ & Business NL-9747 AE Groningen Netherlands

Community-based Free/Libre open source software (FLOSS) development relies on contributions from both core and peripheral members. Prior research on core-periphery has focused on software coding related behaviors. We study how core-periphery roles are related to social-relational behavior in terms of politeness behavior. Data from two FLOSS projects suggest that both core and peripheral members use more positive politeness strategies than negative strategies. Further, core and peripheral members use different strategies to protect positive face in positive politeness, which we term respect and intimacy, respectively. Our results contribute to FLOSS research and politeness theory. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： open source software development Core-periphery structure Politeness behavior

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Boundary Spanners in open source software development A Study of Python Email Archives 24

Boundary Spanners in Open Source Software Development A Stud...

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24th Asia-Pacific software Engineering Conference (APSEC)

作者： Sharma, Pankajeshwara N. Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy Stanger, Nigel Univ Otago Dept Informat Sci Dunedin New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781538636817

In many open source software development communities, a significant proportion of development is undertaken by a relatively small number of individuals, the "core members". The stability and longevity of this group of most active developers are crucial for the success of the project. While there has been prior work on identifying key individuals in open source development, little attention has been devoted to the identification of cross-cutting core individuals (boundary spanners) whose responsibilities span across different functional areas of open source development (e.g., who are involved both in development-centric activities and user-centric activities). To address this gap, we propose an approach to identify the core cross-cutting members and their roles within the community through analyzing email communication repositories. We use Social Network Analysis (SNA) tools to identify the most active core members in different forums (that have different focus such as Python-dev that focuses on language evolution and Python Lists that focus on user support), and their activities over time, thus identifying the core developers and their involvement in different community mailing lists. Based on the involvement of a core developer and the overall social structure of the network of core developers, we also present an approach for identifying a potential replacement for a community administrator that steps down. Using email repositories of six main Python forums as the case study domain, we computed several social network analysis metrics to characterize the core developers and their importance in the Python community.

关键词： Social Network Analysis open source software development Python Community development

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Exploitation and Exploration Networks in open source software development: An Artifact-Level Analysis

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JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2015年第1期32卷 116-150页

作者： Temizkan, Orcun Kumar, Ram L. Univ N Carolina Belk Coll Business Comp & Informat Syst Concentrat Business Informat Charlotte NC 28223 USA Univ N Carolina Belk Coll Business Charlotte NC 28223 USA

open source software (OSS) development is an increasingly important paradigm of software development. However, key aspects of OSS such as the determinants of project success and motivations of developers in joining these projects are not well understood. Based on organizational theory, we propose that OSS activities of patch development and feature request can be classified as exploitation (implementation-oriented) and exploration (innovation-oriented) activities, respectively. We empirically examine how the structure of social network affects the success of patch-development and feature-request networks in OSS projects, using a data set collected from the sourceForge database. Our results provide empirical support for the view that patch development and feature request are exploitation and exploration activities, respectively. Network structures differ due to team formation differences and have a differential impact on development success based on the type of activity. The concepts of ambidextrous developers and ambidexterity are explored in the context of OSS projects. Collectively, our results indicate that studying OSS projects at the artifact level could improve our understanding of OSS project success and team formation. This, in turn, could lead to better management of OSS projects.

关键词： exploitation and exploration open source software development project success social networks software development team formation

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Risk Factors and Practices for the development of open source software From Developers' Perspective

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 63333-63350页

作者： Haider, Shehzad Khalil, Wajeeha Al-Shamayleh, Ahmad Sami Akhunzada, Adnan Gani, Abdullah Govt Postgrad Coll Dargai Higher Educ Dept KP Malakand 23060 Pakistan Univ Engn & Technol Peshawar Dept Comp Sci & Informat Technol Peshawar 25000 Pakistan Al Ahliyya Amman Univ Fac Informat Technol Dept Networks & Cybersecur Amman 19328 Jordan Univ Doha Sci & Technol Coll Comp & Informat Technol IT Doha Qatar Univ Malaya Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

open source software (OSS) has achieved popularity, however there are various software product quality problems, security issues and certain challenges confronting the OSS growth that need to be identified and addressed. The main focus of this research is to identify the risk factors associated with open-source software and the practices for those risks which will help software development companies and individuals to mitigate the risks. A systematic literature review (SLR) is employed for the identification of potential risk factors in OSS whereas questionnaire survey is used to validate the findings of the SLR from the relevant expert community. In the second round another SLR is carried out to identify the practices for softening the effect of risk-factors in OSS development. A total of 14 risk factors from the developers' perspective are identified via SLR in OSS. Amid the risk factors identified bugs, insufficient product documentation, and lack of communication and coordination among developers are considered the most important Further, we performed a secondary SLR to identify the practices for mitigating the effects of the risk factors in OSS. Therefore, a total of 31 practices for mitigating and addressing the risk factors in OSS were identified. In this work, we identified 14 risk factors and 31 practices for mitigating the critical risk factors, through SLR for adapting OSS development from developers' perspectives. We argue that focusing on the identified risk factors would minimize the risks associated with OSS. We also recommend that OSS developers should diligently consider all the risk factors that have been identified in the study for increased software productivity and distribution of reliable and robust source code.

关键词： ~open source software open source software development risk factors systematic literature review open source developers open source software risk factor practices of open source software risk factors

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Microblogging in open source software development: The Case of Drupal and Twitter

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IEEE software 2014年第4期31卷 72-80页

作者： Wang, Xiaofeng Kuzmickaja, Ilona Stol, Klaas-Jan Abrahamsson, Pekka Fitzgerald, Brian Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Bolzano Italy Univ Limerick Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr Limerick Ireland

Microblogging is a popular form of social media that has quickly permeated both enterprise and open source communities. However, exactly how open source communities can leverage microblogging isn't yet well understood. The authors investigate how Drupal's open source community uses Twitter, a household name in microblogging. Their analysis of group and individual accounts of Drupal developers reveals that they take on similar but distinct roles. Both serve as communicators of essential links to a vast and growing community knowledge base, such as work artifacts, issues, documentation, and blog posts, but community members often express positive emotions when tweeting about work, which reinforces a sense of community. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

关键词： Blogs communication Communities crowdsourcing Drupal Educational institutions Media microblogging open source software open source software development pervasive computing social media software engineering Twitter

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Theorizing Modes of open source software development

Theorizing Modes of Open Source Software Development

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47th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

作者： Lindberg, Aron Xiao, Xuan Lyytinen, Kalle Case Western Reserve Univ Cleveland OH 44106 USA Harbin Inst Technol Harbin Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479925049

open source software (OSS) development is distributed across actors and artifacts and involves translating diffuse representations into distinct sets of contiguous code artifacts. Despite the highly distributed and dynamic nature of OSS development, it is often described in unitary, monolithic terms - an unfortunate situation which masks considerable variance across OSS development processes. Therefore we explore reasons for systematic variance in these processes so as to enable more effective OSS development practices. Drawing on theory of distributed cognition, we develop a language of cognitive translations, which occur within and across distributed social arrangements and structural conditions of sharing knowledge. This language provides micro-foundations for understanding how different modes of OSS development emerge. Through examining how generative characteristics of social and structural distributions in OSS shape distinct development pathways, we propose a theoretically derived typology explaining the characteristics, dynamics, and conditions for success of different modes of OSS development.

关键词： public domain software software engineering OSS development contiguous code artifacts distributed across actors distributed cognition open source software development social distributions structural distributions Abstracts Cognition Communities Materials Organizing software Standards Emergence Modes open source software Typology

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