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25th Australasian software Engineering Conference (ASWEC)

作者： Yasir, Muhammad Michael, Kevin Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy Licorish, Sherlock A. Univ Otago Dunedin New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781728112411

Context: Contributors to open source software (OSS) development projects use social media to discuss personal and work-related issues. While there has been some interest in studying social media posts of developers, the investigation of the use of this medium by core contributors has not received much attention. Such an investigation could be useful given the technical and social insights such members bring to their team's development. Objective: To bridge this gap, we have investigated Python core developers' posts on Twitter. Method: We systematically collected 27,805 tweets from 80 core developers' Twitter accounts of which 3,282 (11.8%) were relevant to Python development. We performed multiple forms of analyses on these tweets, involving bottom-up thematic analysis on three levels (topics, questions and answers, and decision-making). We also conducted social network analysis of the topics of interest of core developers. Results: Core developers' Python-related tweets fall under 23 different topics (in 5 higher-level topic categories). The top two categories were software-related and community-related tweets. Core developers also used Twitter as a medium to discuss technical issues related to Python software development in the form of questions and answers (Q&As) to a large extent (45% of the tweets). Moreover, this informal medium is also used for decision-making 2% of the time, supplementing the formal channels of decision-making (i.e., mailing lists). Additionally, we have identified five different groups of core developers based on their topic interests. Conclusion: Although informal in nature, social media platforms provide another window, beyond formal project repositories, for understanding OSS ecosystems. Consequently, informal sources must be integrated with formal sources to obtain a comprehensive view of OSS development activities.

关键词： open source software development Social Media Tweet Analysis Core developers Python Decision-Making Q&As Social Network Analysis

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How Do the open source Communities Address Usability and UX Issues? An Exploratory Study

How Do the Open Source Communities Address Usability and UX ...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Cheng, Jinghui Guo, Jin L. C. Polytech Montreal Montreal PQ Canada McGill Univ Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356213

Usability and user experience (UX) issues are often not well emphasized and addressed in open source software (OSS) development. There is an imperative need for supporting OSS communities to collaboratively identify, understand, and fix UX design issues in a distributed environment. In this paper, we provide an initial step towards this effort and report on an exploratory study that investigated how the OSS communities currently reported, discussed, negotiated, and eventually addressed usability and UX issues. We conducted in-depth qualitative analysis of selected issue tracking threads from three OSS projects hosted on GitHub. Our findings indicated that discussions about usability and UX issues in OSS communities were largely influenced by the personal opinions and experiences of the participants. Moreover, the characteristics of the community may have greatly affected the focus of such discussion.

关键词： Usability user experience open source software development open source community issue tracking

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Building a Social Platform Using FLOSS to Support Collaborative Communities: The ReWeee Case Study 14th

Building a Social Platform Using FLOSS to Support Collaborat...

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14th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference on open source Systems (OSS)

作者： Routis, Ioannis Tsadimas, Anargyros Nikolaidou, Mara Harokopio Univ Athens 70 El Venizelou Str Kallithea 17671 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9783319923758;9783319923741

In this paper we present the development of a collaborative community using exclusively open source software. After the definition of the functional requirements of the project, we focus on finding specific software components to satisfy these requirements. The intention was to minimize the development effort and labor, relying on open source software. As a result, the platform was developed writing less than 10% of the required code and reusing more than 20 software components, not counting the software dependencies. The new components developed form our contribution to the community.

关键词： Collaborative communities open source software development Social networks Component-based development

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"Computing" Requirements for open source software: A Distributed Cognitive Approach

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JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2018年第12期19卷 1217-1252页

作者： Xiao, Xuan Lindberg, Aron Hansen, Sean Lyytinen, Katie Guangzhou Univ Sch Management Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China Stevens Inst Technol Informat Syst Sch Business Hoboken NJ 07030 USA Rochester Inst Technol Saunders Coll Business Management Informat Syst Rochester NY 14623 USA Rochester Inst Technol Saunders Coll Business Dept MIS Mkt & Digital Business Rochester NY 14623 USA Case Western Reserve Univ Management Design Cleveland OH 44106 USA

Most requirements engineering (RE) research has been conducted in the context of structured and agile software development. software, however, is increasingly developed in open source software (OSS) forms which have several unique characteristics. In this study, we approach OSS RE as a sociotechnical, distributed cognitive process where distributed actors "compute" requirements- i.e., transform requirements-related knowledge into forms that foster a shared understanding of what the software is going to do and how it can be implemented. Such computation takes place through social sharing of knowledge and the use of heterogeneous artifacts. To illustrate the value of this approach, we conduct a case study of a popular OSS project, Rubinius-a runtime environment for the Ruby programming language-and identify ways in which cognitive workload associated with RE becomes distributed socially, structurally, and temporally across actors and artifacts. We generalize our observations into an analytic framework of OSS RE, which delineates three stages of requirements computation: excavation, instantiation, and testing-in-the-wild. We show how the distributed, dynamic, and heterogeneous computational structure underlying OSS development builds an effective mechanism for managing requirements. Our study contributes to sorely needed theorizing of appropriate RE processes within highly distributed environments as it identifies and articulates several novel mechanisms that undergird cognitive processes associated with distributed forms of RE.

关键词： open source software development Requirements Engineering Distributed Cognition Case Study Heuristics Ruby Programming Language

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"openness'' with and without Information Technology: a framework and a brief history

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2017年第4期32卷 297-305页

作者： Schlagwein, Daniel Conboy, Kieran Feller, Joseph Leimeister, Jan Marco Morgan, Lorraine UNSW Sydney Informat Syst Sydney NSW Australia NUI Galway JE Cairnes Sch Business & Econ Galway Ireland Univ Coll Cork Cork Univ Business Sch Cork Ireland Univ St Gallen St Gallen Switzerland Kassel Univ Informat Syst Kassel Germany

Over the past two decades, openness (e.g. 'open' innovation, 'open' education and 'open' strategy) has been of increasing interest for researchers and of increasing relevance to practitioners. openness is often deeply embedded in information technology (IT) and can be both a driver for and a result of innovative IT. To clarify the concept of "openness'', we provide an overview of the scope of cross-disciplinary research on openness. Based on this overview, we develop a framework of openness, which proposes a higher-order concept of "openness'' characterised by transparency, access, participation and democracy. The framework further distinguishes open resources, open processes and the effects of opening on particular domains. To provide the historical context and to appreciate the role of IT in openness, we discuss two historical examples of openness: the introduction of an open science model in academia (openness without IT) and the emergence of open source software development (openness with IT). We conclude by highlighting some concerns with and limitations of "openness''.

关键词： openness information technology transparency access participation democracy open resources open processes open science open source software development concept development framework

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The Effects of Extrinsic Motivations and Satisfaction in open source software development

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JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2010年第12期11卷 784-808页

作者： Ke, Weiling Zhang, Ping Clarkson Univ Sch Business Potsdam NY 13676 USA Syracuse Univ Sch Informat Studies Syracuse NY 13244 USA

As a new phenomenon in the software industry, open source software (OSS) development has attracted a high level of research interest. Examining what motivates participants in OSS projects and how to enhance the effects of motivations has received increased attention in recent years. This study is prompted by the significant but detail-lacking examination of differential effects of various types of extrinsic motivations on participants' task effort in OSS projects and their interaction effects with participants' psychological states. Drawing upon self-determination theory, we establish four types of extrinsic motivations in OSS communities (i.e., external, introjected, identified, and integrated motivation) and investigate how these types affect task effort differently. Also, integrating self-determination theory with affective event theory, we study how satisfaction of needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness moderates the relationships between extrinsic motivations and task effort. The research model is largely supported by data from 250 participants in various OSS projects. Theoretical contribution and practical implications are discussed.

关键词： open source software development motivation task effort satisfaction of needs

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Estimating Reliability for OSS: An approach with Change-point in Operational Phase 6

Estimating Reliability for OSS: An approach with Change-poin...

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6th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO)

作者： Gandhi, Neha Neha Aggarwal, Anu G. Tandon, Abhishek Univ Delhi Shaheed Rajguru Coll Appl Sci Women Delhi 110096 India Univ Delhi Dept Operat Res Delhi 110007 India Univ Delhi Shaheed Sukhdev Coll Business Studies Delhi 110089 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509030125

software reliability growth models (SRGMs) proposed on the foundations of Non-Homogenous Poisson Process (NHPP) have been the most accepted way to analyze reliability growth of a software since 1970's. Henceforth, Literature witnesses the evolution of SRGMs in terms of different assumptions, parameters, performance etc. This study is an attempt to model reliability growth phenomenon for open source software (OSS). As the development process followed by OSS significantly differs from proprietary software, traditional software engineering SDLC models can't be followed for its development. OSS development procedure does not incorporate a dedicated testing phase and therefore negligible effort expenditure is done on testing of software prior its release. The volume of volunteer participation in its operational phase thus becomes a significant criterion in the representation of its reliability growth. Also, the impact of sudden changes in fault detection process (change-point) due to several reasons like variations in fault density, irregular team size, volunteer expertise etc is captured in proposed SRGM. This paper suggests a reliability model based on user growth with the concept of change point to better cater the heterogeneity in software failure process. Failure data of GNOME 2.0 is used in this paper reliability growth analysis. Unknown parameters are estimated using Least Square Estimation regression technique. Performance inspection of proposed SRGM is carried out using goodness-of-fit criteria like Mean square error (MSE), Coefficient of Determination (R-2), Predictive Ratio Risk (PRR), and Predictive Power (PP). The study recommends that introduction of the change-point in SRGM improves prediction capability of the model and hence establishes an evidence of its applicability.

关键词： open source software development software Reliability Growth Model software failure process Change-point Least square estimation

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Discursive construction of 'user innovations' in the open source software development context

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INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATION 2010年第2期20卷 111-132页

作者： Iivari, Netta Univ Oulu Dept Informat Proc Sci Oulu 90014 Finland

This paper analyzes the discursive construction of user innovations in open source software (OSS) development. A review of the literature on user innovation is conducted, after which a refined conceptualization of this topic encompassing the Foucauldian and social shaping of technology traditions is offered. A discourse analytic approach is used to examine both the process and the outcome of user innovation. Through an interpretive case study, a set of discourses evolving within an OSS project's website is identified, each implying particular subject positions for the OSS users and OSS developers in software production and consumption processes. Particular kinds of subject positions for the OSS users are adopted, negotiated, opposed as well as created by the OSS users in the analyzed discourses. The developers are in an authoritative position as the decision-makers and the ones realizing the innovations, but the users are allowed important positions of co-creators and co-cultivators. User innovation is characterized as a continuous, evolving co-creation process of the modes of subjectivity offered for the OSS users. This kind of process could be experimented with in other kinds of development contexts. On the other hand, this study questions many assumptions related to user innovation that are taken for granted, highlighting the difficulty of simply and straightforwardly enhancing it in any context. Finally, implications for theory and practice are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： User innovation open source software development Discourse Textuality

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Exploring Decision-Making Processes in Python 16

Exploring Decision-Making Processes in Python

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20th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in software Engineering (EASE)

作者： Keertipati, Smitha Licorish, Sherlock A. Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy Univ Otago Dept Informat Sci POB 56 Dunedin 9016 New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450336918

The process by which norms are developed to become policies, the normative decision-making process, is not often explicit to stakeholders of open source software (OSS) projects. Understanding the normative decision-making process is crucial for members if such projects are to evolve and succeed. In this paper, we investigated aspects of the normative decision-making processes of OSS development through the use of Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs). We compared extracted process models with those that are advertised by the Python community to evaluate the extent to which those processes overlap. In addition, we assess members' involvement and contribution to these processes. Our work used structural and behavioral analysis techniques, and social network analysis metrics. We found that there were differences between the extracted processes and Python's advertised process, with the extracted processes being significantly more complex. These differences also extended to granular models used for managing social and technical aspects of the Python project. Furthermore, some key members were largely responsible for PEPs' success. Our extracted models could go a far way in helping the Python community to quickly understand decision-making processes in Python.

关键词： open source software development Governance Norms Normative decision-making processes Developers' involvement Social network analysis Python enhancement proposals

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Exploring the impact of socio-technical core-periphery structures in open source software development

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2010年第2期25卷 216-229页

作者： Amrit, Chintan van Hillegersberg, Jos Univ Twente Dept Informat Syst & Change Management Fac Management & Governance NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

In this paper we apply the social network concept of core-periphery structure to the socio-technical structure of a software development team. We propose a socio-technical pattern that can be used to locate emerging coordination problems in open source projects. With the help of our tool and method called TESNA, we demonstrate a method to monitor the socio-technical core-periphery movement in open source projects. We then study the impact of different core-periphery movements on open source projects. We conclude that a steady core-periphery shift towards the core is beneficial to the project, whereas shifts away from the core are clearly not good. Furthermore, oscillatory shifts towards and away from the core can be considered as an indication of the instability of the project. Such an analysis can provide developers with a good insight into the health of an open source project. Researchers can gain from the pattern theory, and from the method we use to study the core-periphery movements. Journal of Information Technology (2010) 25, 216-229. doi:10.1057/jit.2010.7

关键词： core-periphery coordination open source software development

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