A new method for developing optical code division multiplexed access (CDMA) address code sequences is presented. The method is based on the genetic algorithm, which has already shown success in developing two-dimensio...
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A new method for developing optical code division multiplexed access (CDMA) address code sequences is presented. The method is based on the genetic algorithm, which has already shown success in developing two-dimensional correlation functions for pattern recognition. The algorithm is very flexible in its optimization criteria and is thus adequate for various optical CDMA applications, including coherent and noncoherent systems. Preliminary computer experimental results are presented that indicate very good discrimination ratios and very fast convergence of the search process. important implications include synchronization-independent CDMA system design, reduction in optical beat noise, optical power budget improvement, and enhanced security. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)01901-7].
In an electronic imaging system, image is retrieved using a Charged Coupled Device (CCD). Its finite pixel size integrates the optical information and limits the spatial resolution, whereas pixel-pitch provides the sa...
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In an electronic imaging system, image is retrieved using a Charged Coupled Device (CCD). Its finite pixel size integrates the optical information and limits the spatial resolution, whereas pixel-pitch provides the sampling interval. Spatial resolution can be improved if pixels of smaller sizes are used or equivalently if Geometric Super-Resolution technique is achieved. In this paper, we are reporting use of the Negative rect mask (NRM) at image plane to achieve Geometric Super-resolution through sub-pixeling. The NRM is scanned over CCD in sub-pixel steps and image data is gathered. The target is assumed to be static during the scanning process. The data collected through CCD with NRM coding and the position information of the scanning mask provides a mean to render the geometrically super resolved image. The work is demonstrated in one and two dimensions with computer simulation. The results are also applicable on CMOS based imaging. (C) 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Further to the optical coding based on fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), a concept of using mixtures of multiple single-color QDs for creating highly secret cryptograms based on their absorption/emission p...
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Further to the optical coding based on fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), a concept of using mixtures of multiple single-color QDs for creating highly secret cryptograms based on their absorption/emission properties was demonstrated. The key to readout of the optical codes is a group of excitation lights with the predetermined wavelengths programmed in a secret manner. The cryptograms can be printed on the surfaces of different objects such as valuable documents for security purposes. (C) 2004 optical Society of America.
In this paper, optical code domain reflectometer (OCDR) and optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) are used for centralized monitoring and troubleshooting any fault occurring in the network. It combines the advantag...
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In this paper, optical code domain reflectometer (OCDR) and optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) are used for centralized monitoring and troubleshooting any fault occurring in the network. It combines the advantages of the OTDR scheme and the optical coding scheme, which can supervise the whole long-reach passive optical network in a cost-effective manner. Network management system in the central office can initialize monitoring, locating failure, and protection process by monitoring information. The scheme can locate the faulty point precisely by OTDR after determining the failed optical fiber link by the optical coding technique. The OTDR precise positioning and protection scheme can be carried out simultaneously, thus saving recovery time. Furthermore, network performance of OCDR and OTDR, recovery time, loss, cost, bit error rate of data signal transmission are also studied. The results obtained prove the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed network, and that it can support high network capacity.
Fast and unambiguous link or node failure localization is very important and necessary in optical network. But it is not always clear what constitutes a good method to monitor the whole network. In an effort to unders...
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Fast and unambiguous link or node failure localization is very important and necessary in optical network. But it is not always clear what constitutes a good method to monitor the whole network. In an effort to understand the benefits and drawbacks of existing methods, we empirically present two state-of-the-art methods: monitoring trails method and optical coding method for their ability of monitoring time, cost, scalability and centralized management performance. Then a new fault location method combining the advantages of two schemes in the mesh-tree network that can be used for metro-access network is introduced. At the same time, performance analysis of monitoring scheme is obtained. It can be seen that the proposed method can monitor the whole optical network effectively with low cost and good scalability. The technique can support high network capacity.
Through pixel-wise optical coding of images during exposure time, it is possible to extract sub-exposure images from a single capture. Such a capability can be used for different purposes, including high-speed imaging...
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Through pixel-wise optical coding of images during exposure time, it is possible to extract sub-exposure images from a single capture. Such a capability can be used for different purposes, including high-speed imaging, high-dynamic-range imaging and compressed sensing. In this paper, we demonstrate a sub-exposure image extraction method, where the exposure coding pattern is inspired from frequency division multiplexing idea of communication systems. The coding masks modulate sub-exposure images in such a way that they are placed in non-overlapping regions in Fourier domain. The sub-exposure image extraction process involves digital filtering of the captured signal with proper band-pass filters. The prototype imaging system incorporates a Liquid Crystal over Silicon (LCoS) based spatial light modulator synchronized with a camera for pixel-wise exposure coding. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A monitoring mechanism combining the advantages of a monitoring trails scheme and an optical coding scheme is proposed;the mechanism can be used in a metro-access network. optical encoders are centrally placed in an o...
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A monitoring mechanism combining the advantages of a monitoring trails scheme and an optical coding scheme is proposed;the mechanism can be used in a metro-access network. optical encoders are centrally placed in an optical distribution network and at both sides of each remote node, which makes for much simpler installation and smaller management costs. A modified heuristic monitoring trail allocation algorithm is used for monitoring the inner links of the mesh network. The principle of the complete monitoring scheme and various fault scenes are displayed. The results show that the designed monitoring mechanism costs less and is easily scalable. This system can monitor not only the states of fiber links but also nodes in the network to alleviate the false alarm probability. It can also support high network capacity. Moreover, it can take a trade-off of the number of monitors and optical encoders.
The signal-to-noise ratio and the coding gain of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry system with APD detector are analyzed. In coding distributed optical fiber sensing system, there are a large number of multi...
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The signal-to-noise ratio and the coding gain of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry system with APD detector are analyzed. In coding distributed optical fiber sensing system, there are a large number of multipath interferences (MPIs), which are proportional to the code length. The random shot noise caused by MPI will be generated before decoding and cannot be eliminated by decoding process. In addition, the shot noise power is proportional to the square of the code length;the thermal noise power increases linearly with the code length, then, the increase of the speed of the coding gain will be decreased with the increase of the code length. When the shot noise is much larger than the thermal noise, the coding gain will not be increased with the increase of the code length, but will maintain a constant value. This conclusion is in contradiction with the traditional conclusion. At the same time, the shot noise depends on the pulsewidth and power, but the thermal noise is independent on the pulsewidth and the power, so there exists an optimum code length for specific system.
In this paper, we propose a novel Brillouin optical time-domain analysis setup that combines simultaneous Brillouin gain/loss measurements with colour coding. This technique gives the advantage that the pump power can...
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In this paper, we propose a novel Brillouin optical time-domain analysis setup that combines simultaneous Brillouin gain/loss measurements with colour coding. This technique gives the advantage that the pump power can greatly be increased, compared to other coding schemes;thus, increasing the sensing range. A first measurement over a 200-km fiber loop is performed, with a 3-m spatial resolution and an accuracy of +/- 3 MHz (2s) at the end of the sensing fiber. In a second setup, high-power flat pump pulses are generated by applying an arbitrary waveform signal on a frequency shifter;thus, further increasing the performance of the novel Brillouin sensor. To the best of our knowledge, these are the best results obtained with a Brillouin sensor without Raman amplification.
We propose a novel and simple coding device for centralized monitoring of passive optical networks. Encoders have dual Bragg gratings forming a cavity producing periodic codes. These encoders reduce the cost of manufa...
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We propose a novel and simple coding device for centralized monitoring of passive optical networks. Encoders have dual Bragg gratings forming a cavity producing periodic codes. These encoders reduce the cost of manufacturing, installation, inventory, and operation, while maintaining good performance and high capacity. We evaluate monitoring efficiency in terms of signal-to-noise ratio.
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