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ONLINE & CDROM REVIEW 1994年第2期18卷 79-86页

作者： FORD, N WOOD, F WALSH, C UNIV SHEFFIELD DEPT INFORMAT STUDIESSHEFFIELD S10 2TNS YORKSHIREENGLAND

Sixty-seven searchers carried out 275 searches, both with and without postings information, of a LISA CDROM. This provided an opportunity to investigate the effect of cognitive styles on searching behaviour which has substantial implications both for the teaching of searching and for search system design. Subjects were tested for field-dependence/field-independence and for Comprehension/Operation/Versatile learning styles. Statistically significant differences in both searching behaviour and search outcomes were obtained by those with different learning styles, with and without postings information. These results are presented and implications for training are discussed.

关键词： Cognitive Style Graduate Students Higher Education Information Science Library Instruction Online Searching optical data disks Search StrategiesLibrary and Information Science Abstracts Search Behavior Online Search Skills

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A COMPARISON OF INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL FROM PRINT AND CD-ROM VERSIONS OF AN ENCYCLOPEDIA BY ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL STUDENTS

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INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 1994年第4期30卷 499-513页

作者： LARGE, A BEHESHTI, J BREULEUX, A RENAUD, A MCGILL UNIV DEPT EDUC PSYCHOLMONTREAL H3A 1Y1PQCANADA

Describes an experiment using 48 sixth-grade students to compare retrieval techniques using the print and CD-ROM versions of Compton's Encyclopedia. Four queries of different complexity (measured by the number of terms present) were searched by the students after a short training session. The searches were timed and the retrieval steps and search terms were noted. The searches were no faster on the CD-ROM than the print version, but in both cases time was related directly to the number of terms involved. The students coped well with the CD-ROM interface and its several retrieval paths.

关键词： Children Comparative Analysis Encyclopedias Gateway Systems Grade 6 Information Retrieval Intermediate Grades Learning Resources Centers Online Searching optical data disks School Libraries Search Strategies Tables (data) Users (Information)Printed Materials Novices

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PRICING STRATEGIES FOR CDROM PRODUCTS

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ONLINE & CDROM REVIEW 1994年第2期18卷 87-93页

作者： ROWLEY, JE MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIV CREWE ALSAGER FACDEPT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT STUDIESCREWE CAMPUSCREWE CW1 1DUCHESHIREENGLAND

Pricing strategies for subscriptions and licenses to CDROM are amazingly complex. In general the supplier seeks to achieve as high a revenue as possible from a given product. CDROM pricing strategies have two distinct aspects: prices charged for single user use and prices charged for network use. Examples are given of different pricing strategies available from different suppliers for both single user use and network use. Pricing strategies are currently very complex. Market forces and increased maturity of the market-place are likely to lead to simpler pricing strategies.

关键词： Comparative Analysis Computer Networks Online Systems Online Vendors optical data disks Printed Materials Services Telecommunications Users (Information)License Agreements Subscriptions Pricing

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HAVE YOU GOT WHAT IT TAKES .. AND ARE YOU USING ALL YOU COULD

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ELECTRONIC LIBRARY 1994年第1期12卷 37-48页

作者： DYER, H LOUGHBOROUGH UNIV TECHNOL DEPT INFORMAT & LIB STUDIESLOUGHBOROUGH LE11 3TULEICSENGLAND

Information technology (IT) has been hailed as a great time and paper saver. How far is this true? Are you benefiting as much as you could from the computer on your desk or are you wasting time learning how to use complex software when it would be more cost-effective to buy in expertise? This paper looks at what,for some, may be novel ways of using a PC and indicates areas where computer use may not be beneficial. The article is geared towards special libraries, but may have wider applications.

关键词： Cataloging Computer Networks Computer Software databases Desktop Publishing Library Acquisition Library Automation Library Circulation Library Planning Library Services Microcomputers Newspapers Online Searching optical data disks Reference Services Selective Dissemination of Information Serials Special LibrariesShareware Embedded Items Computer Viruses

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MEMORY EFFICIENT RANKING

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INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 1994年第6期30卷 733-744页

作者： MOFFAT, A ZOBEL, J SACKSDAVIS, R UNIV MELBOURNE RMITDEPT COMP SCIPARKVILLEVIC 3052AUSTRALIA COLLABORAT INFORMAT TECHNOL RES INST MELBOURNEAUSTRALIA

Fast and effective ranking of a collection of documents with respect to a query requires several structures, including a vocabulary, inverted file entries, arrays of term weights and document lengths, a set of partial similarity accumulators, and address tables for inverted file entries and documents. Of all of these structures, the array of document lengths and the set of accumulators are the components accessed most frequently in a ranked query, and it is crucial to acceptable performance that they be held in main memory. Here we describe an approximate ranking process that makes use of a compact array of in-memory, low-precision approximations for the lengths. Combined with another simple rule for reducing the memory required by the partial similarity accumulators, the approximation heuristic allows the ranking of large document collections using less than one byte of memory per document, an eight-fold reduction compared with conventional techniques. Moreover, in our experiments retrieval effectiveness was largely unaffected by the use of these heuristics.

关键词： database Design database Management Systems Full Text databases Information Retrieval Information Storage Information Theory Mathematical Formulas Models optical data disks Performance Tables (data)data Compression Ranking

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TO INSTRUCT AND DELIGHT - CHILDRENS AND YOUNG-ADULTS LITERATURE ON CD-ROM

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CD-ROM PROFESSIONAL 1994年第4期7卷 84-&页

作者： BENNETT, H Forget Me Not Information Systems Inc London Ontario

Reviews the work of seven companies that produce multimedia children's storybooks on CD-ROM. Characteristics of each company's approach to children's literature are given, and the use of nonprint media to develop the story is discussed. Platform compatibility for 59 CD-ROM titles and publisher contact information are provided. (Contains three references.) (KRN)

关键词： Adolescent Literature Animation Audiovisual Aids Childrens Literature Computer Software Electronic Publishing Microcomputers optical data disks Publishing IndustryPublisher Role Multimedia Technology Electronic Books

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RESEARCHING NATIVE-AMERICANS - TIPS ON VOCABULARY, SEARCH STRATEGIES AND INTERNET RESOURCES

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dataBASE 1994年第2期17卷 45-&页

作者： MUELLERALEXANDER, JM SEATON, HJ ARIZONA STATE UNIV NOBLE SCI & ENGN LIBTEMPEAZ 85287

Describes search strategies and vocabulary selection for researching information on Native Americans using DIALOG databases as examples. Highlights include tribal names search strategy; examples of false drops; revised search strategies for full-text databases; Internet sources, including various software systems; and CD-ROM products about Native Americans. (Contains five references.) (LRW)

关键词： American Indians Computer Software databases Online Searching optical data disks Relevance (Information Retrieval) Research Methodology Search Strategies Subject Index Terms TribesInternet DIALOG Gopher Wide Area Information Servers Examples

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HELPING THE PUBLIC FIND INFORMATION - THE UNITED-STATES GOVERNMENT-INFORMATION-LOCATOR-SERVICE (GILS)

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JOURNAL OF GOVERNMENT INFORMATION 1994年第4期21卷 305-314页

作者： CHRISTIAN, EJ US GEOL SURVEY DIV INFORMAT SYST802 NATL CTRRESTONVA 22092 USA

As part of the National Information Infrastructure, the U.S. federal government is establishing a Government Information Locator Service (GILS). GILS will identify and describe public information resources throughout the federal government and provide assistance in obtaining the information. It will be decentralized and will supplement other agency and commercial information dissemination mechanisms. The public will use GILS directly or through intermediaries, including the Government Printing Office and the National Technical Information Service, as well as federal depository libraries, other public libraries, and private sector information services. Direct users will have access to a GILS Core accessible on the Internet without charge. Intermediate access may include kiosks, 800 numbers, electronic mail, bulletin boards, FAX, and offline media such as floppy disks, CD-ROM, and printed works. GILS will use network technology and the American National Standards Institute Z39.50 standard for information search and retrieval so that information can be retrieved in a variety of ways. Direct users may have access to many other major federal and nonfederal information resources, linkages to data systems, and electronic delivery of information products. An Office of Management and Budget Bulletin in 1994 will provide implementing guidance to agencies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology will also establish a Federal Information Processing Standard specifying a GILS Profile and its application for agencies establishing information locators.

关键词： Access to Information Computer Networks Electronic Mail Federal Government Information Dissemination Information Needs Information Networks Information Sources optical data disks Standards User Needs (Information)Printed Materials Government Information National Information Infrastructure Internet

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DESIGNING dataBASES AS TOOLS FOR HIGHER-LEVEL LEARNING - INSIGHTS FROM INSTRUCTIONAL-SYSTEMS DESIGN

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ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 1993年第4期41卷 25-46页

作者： NEUMAN, D UNIV MARYLAND COLL LIB & INFORMAT SERV College Pk MD 20742 USA

This article reports on a naturalistic study of online and CD-ROM databases to identify design characteristics that are important to high school students' use of these information resources for higher-level learning as well as for information access and retrieval. Primary data collection techniques were interactive observations of 92 students and informal interviews with 54 students, 4 teachers, and the school library media specialist. The article presents an inventory of specific problems students experienced while using 7 CD-ROM and 18 online databases and discusses implications for database design based on the study results. By showing how the lens of instructional systems design can be applied to the study of a specific information technology, this article provides a new perspective on database design and suggests how electronic information resources can be designed to promote higher-level learning through enhancing students' opportunities to process, evaluate, and apply the information they retrieve from these resources.

关键词： Access to Information Case Studies Computer Assisted Instruction database Design databases Design Requirements Information Retrieval Interviews Learning Processes Naturalistic Observation Online Systems optical data disks Problems Secondary Education Tables (data)Instructional Systems Design

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SOCIAL-SCIENCE REFERENCE AND UNITED-STATES-GOVERNMENT INFORMATION ON CD-ROM - DEPOSITORY TITLES

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BEHAVIORAL & SOCIAL SCIENCES LIBRARIAN 1993年第2期12卷 23-36页

作者： SKEERS, TM MCCOWAN, S NO ILLINOIS UNIV LIB DEPT GOVT PUBLICATDE KALBIL

The Depository Library Program of the Government Printing Office is increasingly distributing its publications in nonprint formats. A growing number of its titles are being issued on CD-ROM. Among these titles are some that are useful for research in the social sciences. Reviewed are titles issued by the Bureau of the Census, the Department of Commerce, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Health and Human Services.

关键词： Depository Libraries Federal Government Government Publications optical data disks Reference Materials Social SciencesDepartment of Commerce Department of Labor Bureau of the Census Government Printing Office Department of Health and Human Services Environmental Protection Agency

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