Electromagnetic warfare is the most extensive and most hidden theatre of battle in modern warfare. To enhance the jamming effectiveness of a cooperative jammer platform against the threat of a radar net, a combinatori...
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Electromagnetic warfare is the most extensive and most hidden theatre of battle in modern warfare. To enhance the jamming effectiveness of a cooperative jammer platform against the threat of a radar net, a combinatorial-optimisation-based threat evaluation and jamming allocation (COTEJA) system is proposed. This COTEJA system fully considers the confrontation analysis in the jammer-radar process, including the interactions between radars, jammers, and jammer-radar pairs, and emphasises the realisation of cooperative jamming strategies. The cooperative jamming strategies include the combination of jamming techniques and optimisation algorithms for the objective function. The performance of the COTEJA system is evaluated through a combat mission that considers a platform with four jammers attacking five threats. In addition, the extended permutation-based differential evolution algorithm is used for the first time to optimise the jamming coding matrix, which effectively reduces the danger value of netted radar under multiple constraints. The numerical results reveal that the COTEJA system can make the optimal jamming decision within 1 s, which improves the survival ability of the platform in a complicated electromagnetic environment.
Temporary or permanent, internal or external, in-series or bypass cardiac assist devices are examined with emphasis on intraaortic balloon pumping. Physiological and clinical consequences of the medical assistance are...
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Temporary or permanent, internal or external, in-series or bypass cardiac assist devices are examined with emphasis on intraaortic balloon pumping. Physiological and clinical consequences of the medical assistance are discussed. Major advantages of the devices are to provide adequate perfusion and, secondarily, to unload the heart and to reduce oxygen consumption of the failing myocardium. Major problems with the cardiac assist devices are related to synchronization with the natural heart, or proper timing, and to the determination of suitable control variables. Optimization algorithms based on the selected performance criteria and computer-based automatic controls are instituted to overcome some of these shortcomings. Finally schemes of automatic control of implantable assist devices are discussed
This study focuses on the finite-time (FT) H-2/H-infinity control problem for linear Ito-type stochastic Markovian jump systems (SMJS). According to the characteristics of SMJS, a mode-dependent approach (MDA) is prov...
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This study focuses on the finite-time (FT) H-2/H-infinity control problem for linear Ito-type stochastic Markovian jump systems (SMJS). According to the characteristics of SMJS, a mode-dependent approach (MDA) is provided. Through MDA, state feedback and observer-based FT H-2/H-infinity controllers are designed. Compared with the mode-independent approach, the advantages of MDA are clearly shown. In the sequel, two new optimisation algorithms for deriving the optimal FT H-2/H-infinity controller are proposed. Finally, a numerical example is utilised to show the merits of the obtained results.
Stochastic user equilibrium is an important issue in the traffic assignment problems, traditional models for the stochastic user equilibrium problem are designed as mathematical programming problems. A Physarum-inspir...
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Stochastic user equilibrium is an important issue in the traffic assignment problems, traditional models for the stochastic user equilibrium problem are designed as mathematical programming problems. A Physarum-inspired model for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium problem is proposed. There are two main contributions of our work. On the one hand, the original Physarum model is modified to find the shortest path in directed traffic networks with the properties of two-way traffic characteristic. On the other hand, the modified Physarum-inspired model could get the equilibrium flows when traveller's perceived transportation cost complies with normal distribution. The proposed method is a two-step procedure. First, the modified Physarum model is applied to estimate the auxiliary flows. Second, the auxiliary flows are averaged to obtain the equilibrium flows. Numerical examples are analysed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, which is compared with the Method of Successive Average method.
The paper proposes an efficient algorithm for determining the stochastic user equilibrium solution for logit-based loading. The commonly used Method of Successive Averages typically has a very slow convergence rate. T...
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The paper proposes an efficient algorithm for determining the stochastic user equilibrium solution for logit-based loading. The commonly used Method of Successive Averages typically has a very slow convergence rate. The new algorithm described here uses Williams' result [ Williams, H. C. W. L. (1977) On the formation of travel demand models and economic evaluation measures of user benefit. Environment and Planning 9A(3), 285-344] which enables the expected value of the perceived travel costs S-rs to be readily calculated for any flow vector x. This enables the value of the Sheffi and Powell objective function [Sheffi, Y. and Powell, W. B. (1982) An algorithm for the equilibrium assignment problem with random link times. Networks 12(2), 191-207], and its gradient in any specified search direction, to be calculated. It is then shown how, at each iteration, an optimal step length along the search direction can be easily estimated, rather than using the pre-set step lengths, thus giving much faster convergence. The basic algorithm uses the standard search direction (towards the auxiliary solution). In addition the performance of two further versions of the algorithm are investigated, both of which use an optimal step length but alternative search directions,based on the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell function minimisation method. The first is an unconstrained and the second a constrained version. Comparisons are made of all three versions of the algorithm, using a number of test networks ranging from a simple three-link network to one with almost 3000 links. It is found that for all but the smallest network the version using the standard search direction gives the fastest rate of convergence. Extensions to allow for multiple user classes and elastic demand are also possible. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The topology of power distribution systems can be modified by altering the status of sectional and tie switches for load management and protection, while maintaining the required network radiality. Several effective o...
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The topology of power distribution systems can be modified by altering the status of sectional and tie switches for load management and protection, while maintaining the required network radiality. Several effective optimisation algorithms and graph theory-based techniques for system radiality detection have been proposed in specialised literature to solve the distribution network reconfiguration problem, usually seeking to achieve power loss reductions and voltage profile improvements. This work aims to contribute to this line of research and its novelties are composed of proposing as solution method a methodology based in an enhanced version of harmony search metaheuristic called improved harmony search algorithm, and a new simple and effective system impedance matrix based process to detect islanding of nodes as a strategy to meet radiality constraint. The proposed methodologies were applied to 33-bus, 84-bus and 118-bus distribution networks known from technical literature, aiming to total active power loss minimisation. As comparison between methods, a key focus in analysis of results is related to discuss some advantages and effectiveness of improved harmony search over original harmony search algorithm to attain optimal radial topologies.
Building microgrids have emerged as an advantageous alternative for tackling environmental issues while enhancing the electricity distribution system. However, uncertainties in power generation, electricity prices and...
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Building microgrids have emerged as an advantageous alternative for tackling environmental issues while enhancing the electricity distribution system. However, uncertainties in power generation, electricity prices and power consumption, along with stringent requirements concerning power quality restrain the wider development of building microgrids. This is due to the complexity of designing a reliable and robust energy management system. Within this context, hierarchical control has proved suitable for handling different requirements simultaneously so that it can satisfactorily adapt to building environments. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review of the main hierarchical control algorithms for building microgrids is discussed and compared, emphasising their most important strengths and weaknesses. Accordingly, a detailed explanation of the primary, secondary and tertiary levels is presented, highlighting the role of each control layer in adapting building microgrids to current and future electrical grid structures. Finally, some insights for forthcoming building prosumers are outlined, identifying certain barriers when dealing with building microgrid communities.
In this paper, an algorithm for calculating the optimal operation of a system with different load states and fault clearing times is proposed. The algorithm simultaneously considers both economic and stability constra...
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In this paper, an algorithm for calculating the optimal operation of a system with different load states and fault clearing times is proposed. The algorithm simultaneously considers both economic and stability constraints. The proposed formulation is evaluated on the Majorca and Minorca islands power system, which is a small, isolated system with low inertia. A conventional optimisation tool is used to solve the optimisation problem. The results show the efficiency of the proposed approach and the advantages of including stability restrictions in the optimisation analysis. The application of the algorithm to different operation points is used to evaluate the cost of assuring the transient stability after a severe fault in the transmission grid. The analysis of different fault clearing times is used to estimate the economic savings of implementing a faster protection system. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The contributions of this paper are two-fold: first, we introduce a novel, axiomatically defined, object-oriented data model called the Demeter kernel model;and secondly, we present abstraction and optimisation algori...
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The contributions of this paper are two-fold: first, we introduce a novel, axiomatically defined, object-oriented data model called the Demeter kernel model;and secondly, we present abstraction and optimisation algorithms and their relationships for designing classes from objects in the kernel model. We analyse several computational problems underlying the class design process, which is divided into two phases;a learning phase and an optimisation phase. This study focuses on approximation algorithms for the optimisation phase and aims to lead to a better understanding and a partial automation of the object-oriented design process. The algorithms and the theory presented here have been implemented in the C + + Demeter System, a CASE tool for object-oriented design and programming.
This article proposes a methodology to design optimal controllers and to compute achievable performance bounds in the control of linear, stable discrete-time SISO plants. The performance is measured using a time-weigh...
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This article proposes a methodology to design optimal controllers and to compute achievable performance bounds in the control of linear, stable discrete-time SISO plants. The performance is measured using a time-weighted cost function (ITSE) of the tracking error for a step reference or a step output disturbance, combined with a measure of the energy of the incremental control. The proposed methodology relies on the use of a function space product that, for stable systems, can be defined in both the frequency and the time-domains. The solution technique requires the expansion of stable functions in orthogonal basis. An analytical expression is found for the computation of the optimal coefficients of the expansion. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the results.
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