Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an epidemic that is rapidly spreading and causing a severe healthcare crisis resulting in more than 40 million confirmed cases across the globe. There are many intensive studies on AI-based t...
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an epidemic that is rapidly spreading and causing a severe healthcare crisis resulting in more than 40 million confirmed cases across the globe. There are many intensive studies on AI-based technique, which is time consuming and troublesome by considering heavyweight models in terms of more training parameters and memory cost, which leads to higher time complexity. To improve diagnosis, this paper is aimed to design and establish a unique lightweight deep learning-based approach to perform multi-class classification (normal, COVID-19, and pneumonia) and binary class classification (normal and COVID-19) on X-ray radiographs of chest. This proposed CNN scheme includes the combination of three CBR blocks (convolutional batch normalization ReLu) with learnable parameters and one global average pooling (GP) layer and fully connected layer. The overall accuracy of the proposed model achieved 98.33% and finally compared with the pre-trained transfer learning model (DenseNet-121, ResNet-101, VGG-19, and XceptionNet) and recent state-of-the-art model. For validation of the proposed model, several parameters are considered such as learning rate, batch size, number of epochs, and different optimizers. Apart from this, several other performance measures like tenfold cross-validation, confusion matrix, evaluation metrics, sarea under the receiver operating characteristics, kappa score and Mathew's correlation, and Grad-CAM heat map have been used to assess the efficacy of the proposed model. The outcome of this proposed model is more robust, and it may be useful for radiologists for faster diagnostics of COVID-19.
Type-3 fuzzy logic has been recently used in many control methods. The type-3 fuzzy controller enhances the handling of uncertainty and improves robustness by integrating fuzzy sets with fuzzy membership functions. Th...
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Type-3 fuzzy logic has been recently used in many control methods. The type-3 fuzzy controller enhances the handling of uncertainty and improves robustness by integrating fuzzy sets with fuzzy membership functions. The latest approaches using type-3 fuzzy logic in the field of control are studied and evaluated. An overview of developments in control methods based on type-3 fuzzy logic is also provided. It is shown that type-3 fuzzy system has many advantages compared to type-1 and type-2 fuzzy. The advantages and challenges of using type-3 fuzzy logic are identified and discussed. The studies are classified according to the type of control approach, as well as by the type of control applications. Finally, the main achievements, open challenges, and future directions and impacts are identified, to provide important guidance for interested researchers.
Discovering concrete properties takes time, money, laboratory design, material preparation, and testing with adequate equipment at the right ages. As a consequence, in the concrete sector, solutions that minimize or r...
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Discovering concrete properties takes time, money, laboratory design, material preparation, and testing with adequate equipment at the right ages. As a consequence, in the concrete sector, solutions that minimize or reduce cost, time, and other downsides are essential. So, utilizing forecasting systems to compute concrete characteristics based on historical data is quite advantageous. Employing the rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), this study proposed novel classification models for predicting chloride penetration into self-compacting concrete (SCC). Designs for predicting the quantity of RCPT are constructed utilizing optimized random forest (RF) classifications, which have not yet been outlined in the literature. The fundamental objective of this research is to build innovative combined classification models that combine RF with optimization techniques such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and Harris hawks optimization (HHO) for better approximation of RCPT. Using PSO, WOA, and HHO, five critical RF model hyperparameters were fine-tuned to provide the most powerful and dependable RF models ever. Considered combined classifications were trained by seven variables, namely cement content, fly ash, silica fume, a ratio of coarse and fine aggregates, water to cement ratio, and temperature. The findings reveal that in the training/testing phases, all three approaches had appropriate efficiency in estimating the RCPT, reflecting the allowable correlation among actual and anticipated values. HHO - RF outperforms the other versions in both stages, with R-2 and RMSE of 0.9854 and 28.6 for the learning phase and 0.9645 and 41.44 for the assessment phase, respectively. Although the performance evaluator indices for PSO - RF are lower than HHO - RF and WOA - RF models, it has acceptable results with R-2 larger than 0.9243. Overall, the findings show that the HHO method is more capable than PSO and WOA at calculating the ideal valu
Most of the current literature focused on centralized learning is centered around the celebrated average-consensus paradigm and less attention is devoted to scenarios where the communication between the agents may be ...
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Most of the current literature focused on centralized learning is centered around the celebrated average-consensus paradigm and less attention is devoted to scenarios where the communication between the agents may be imperfect. This letter presents three different algorithms of Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL) in the presence of imperfect information sharing modeled as noisy communication channels. The first algorithm, Federated Noisy Decentralized Learning (FedNDL1) comes from the literature, where the noise is added to the algorithm parameters to simulate the scenario of the presence of noisy communication channels. This algorithm shares parameters to form a consensus with the clients based on a communication graph topology through a noisy communication channel. The proposed second algorithm (FedNDL2) is similar to the first algorithm but with added noise to the parameters and it performs the gossip averaging before the gradient optimization. The proposed third algorithm (FedNDL3), on the other hand, shares the gradients through noisy communication channels instead of the parameters. Theoretical and experimental results show that under imperfect information sharing, the third scheme that mixes gradients is more robust in the presence of a noisy channel compared with the algorithms from the literature that mix the parameters.
We present a novel method for estimating the circulations and positions of point vortices in a two-dimensional (2D) environment using trajectory data of passive particles in the presence of Gaussian noise. The method ...
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We present a novel method for estimating the circulations and positions of point vortices in a two-dimensional (2D) environment using trajectory data of passive particles in the presence of Gaussian noise. The method comprises two algorithms: the first one calculates the vortex circulations, while the second one reconstructs the vortex trajectories. This reconstruction is done thanks to a hierarchy of optimization problems, involving the integration of systems of differential equations, over time sub-intervals all with the same amplitude defined by the autocorrelation function for the advected passive particles' trajectories. Our findings indicate that accurately tracking the position of vortices and determining their circulations is achievable, even when passive particle trajectories are affected by noise.
We consider online optimization problems with time-varying linear equality constraints. In this framework, an agent makes sequential decisions using only prior information. At every round, the agent suffers an environ...
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We consider online optimization problems with time-varying linear equality constraints. In this framework, an agent makes sequential decisions using only prior information. At every round, the agent suffers an environment-determined loss and must satisfy time-varying constraints. Both the loss functions and the constraints can be chosen adversarially. We propose the Online Projected Equality-constrained Newton Method (OPEN-M) to tackle this family of problems. We obtain sublinear dynamic regret and constraint violation bounds for OPEN-M under mild conditions. Namely, smoothness of the loss function and boundedness of the inverse Hessian at the optimum are required, but not convexity. Finally, we show OPEN-M outperforms state-of-the-art online constrained optimization algorithms in a numerical network flow application.
This letter addresses the problem of nonconvex nonsmooth decentralised optimisation in multi-agent networks with undirected connected communication graphs. Our contribution lies in introducing an algorithmic framework...
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This letter addresses the problem of nonconvex nonsmooth decentralised optimisation in multi-agent networks with undirected connected communication graphs. Our contribution lies in introducing an algorithmic framework designed for the distributed minimisation of the sum of a smooth (possibly nonconvex and non-separable) function and a convex (possibly nonsmooth and non-separable) regulariser. The proposed algorithm can be seen as a modified version of the ADMM algorithm where, at each step, an "inner loop" needs to be iterated for a number of iterations. The role of the inner loop is to aggregate and disseminate information across the network. We observe that a naive decentralised approach (one iteration of the inner loop) may not converge. We establish the asymptotic convergence of the proposed algorithm to the set of stationary points of the nonconvex problem where the number of iterations of the inner loop increases logarithmically with the step count of the ADMM algorithm. We present numerical results demonstrating the proposed method's correctness and performance.
In the past decade, the number of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on the road has been growing rapidly in response to global climate change and cyclic gasoline shortages. Due to the limited driving range of most comm...
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We present a learning algorithm for players to converge to their stationary policies in a general sum stochastic sequential Stackelberg game. The algorithm is a two time scale implicit policy gradient algorithm that p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350382662;9798350382655
We present a learning algorithm for players to converge to their stationary policies in a general sum stochastic sequential Stackelberg game. The algorithm is a two time scale implicit policy gradient algorithm that provably converges to stationary points of the optimization problems of the two players. Our analysis allows us to move beyond the assumptions of zero-sum or static Stackelberg games made in the existing literature for learning algorithms to converge.
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) presents a new generation of vehicular communications with limited computation offloading, energy and memory resources with 5G/6G technologies that have grown enormously and are being used i...
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Internet of Vehicles (IoV) presents a new generation of vehicular communications with limited computation offloading, energy and memory resources with 5G/6G technologies that have grown enormously and are being used in wide variety of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Due to the limited battery power in smart vehicles, the concept of energy consumption is one of the main and critical challenges of the IoV environments. Optimizing resource management strategies for improving the energy consumption using AI-based methods is one of important solutions in the IoV environments. There are various machine learning algorithms for selecting optimal solutions for energy-efficient resource management strategies. This paper presents the existing energy-aware resource management strategies for the IoV case studies, and performs a comparative analysis among their applied AI-based methods and machine learning algorithms. This analysis presents a technical and deeper understanding of the technical aspects of existing machine learning and AI-based algorithms that will be helpful in design of new hybrid AI approaches for optimizing resource management strategies with reducing their energy consumption.
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