The orthogonal collocation approach is now well known to solve, effectively, the state constrained optimal control problems. Mathematical programming technique was also used as an effective tool to construct the optim...
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The orthogonal collocation approach is now well known to solve, effectively, the state constrained optimal control problems. Mathematical programming technique was also used as an effective tool to construct the optimal trajectories. In this paper, a study is done on the efficiency and accuracy requirements of the combined orthogonal collocation and mathematical programming approach, as regarding the employed optimization algorithm, and the number of orthogonal collocation points. It is shown, by experimentation with numerical examples that Fletcher-Powell optimization algorithm is much more faster to produce convergence than Fletcher-Reeves algorithm. The efficiency can be a ratio of six-to-one. The results are compared with an alternative approach to solve the same problem. It is shown that the present algorithm is less costly than the alternative approach, although requiring more computation time. The choice is then a compromise one. As the number of orthogonal points increases, the resulting solutions are more accurate, but the convergence speed decreases. Experimentation with N, shows a save of five-to-one in computing time can be achieved with almost the same cost function. Finally, it is shown, by a numerical example, that uniformly distributed collocation points result in non-optimal solutions, which also violate the problem constraints. It is a numerical proof of the superiority of the orthogonal collocation approach.
The concept of C F FSs offers a more comprehensive on CFSs, C I FSs, and C PY FSs, with greater potential for practical applications due to their flexible structure, larger space, adjustable parameters, and influentia...
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The concept of C F FSs offers a more comprehensive on CFSs, C I FSs, and C PY FSs, with greater potential for practical applications due to their flexible structure, larger space, adjustable parameters, and influential design compared to other generalization of FSs. The striking framework of C F FSs is keen to provide a larger preference range for the modeling of uncertain information. This article sets out a decision-making analysis for the interaction between complex-valued membership and complex-valued non-membership degrees with the help of C F FNs. Some of the unique operational laws and their fundamental properties for C F FNs are studied. Distance measures have been extensively used in many areas as an essential approach that may successfully disclose the difference between CFSs and their generalizations. Some of the well-known distance measures for C F FNs has been studied in the literature, so on the basis of these distances, some novel distance measures for C F FNs have been analyzed. The applications of the proposed C F FDMs are demonstrated in scenarios including telecommunication and medical diagnostic problems. A comparative analysis of the obtained novel C F FDMs with similar existing distances is conducted through numerical examples. All the observations and results are presented graphically. The present novel C F FDMs are fantastically designated for the classification of the most favorable alternatives by examining the closeness of all available choices from a particular ideal solution.
The use of renewable resources to generate energy is one of the most important policy goals in the energy sector. One method to use renewable resources is to apply integrated systems. In this study, an optimal multi-o...
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The use of renewable resources to generate energy is one of the most important policy goals in the energy sector. One method to use renewable resources is to apply integrated systems. In this study, an optimal multi-objective integrated system has been applied to power generation. The proposed system includes wind turbines, hydroelectric power plants, and photovoltaic systems. To achieve maximum power generation with minimum fluctuations, a Developed Owl search algorithm (DOSA) with three pareto front solutions has been used. Also, the efficiency of the integrated system in different climate conditions is evaluated. The results of the pareto front show that the developed owl search algorithm is the closest algorithm to the pareto front. Therefore, it is the most accurate to improve the overall multi-objective integrated system. Among pareto front solutions, the second solution provides acceptable results for increasing power generation and reduction of fluctuations. Also, the results of the evaluation of the efficient integrated system in different climate conditions show that in wet conditions when solar radiation and wind are reduced, hydropower causes current to continue in the system by generating electricity and compensating for wind and PV energy loss.
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