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Constant Weight Polar coded orthogonal space-time block codes for Dimmable Indoor MIMO-VLC Systems

IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第10期26卷 2395-2399页

作者： Babalola, O. P. Balyan, V Cape Peninsula Univ Technol Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn ZA-7535 Bellville South Africa

The concatenation of constant weight polar code (CWPC) with orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC), known as CWPC-OSTBC scheme is proposed for the indoor multiple-input multiple output visible light communication (MIMO-VLC) systems in this letter. The CWPC helps to mitigate against flickering, provides desired dimming targets, and coding gain while the OSTBC achieves MIMO diversity gain. Flicker mitigation and dimming control are obtained based on the modified Knuth balancing method with enhanced prefix coding. This method does not utilise lookup table and thus, it is practicable in the real-time. Numerical results are presented to discuss the channel capacity and bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the proposed CWPC-OSTBC scheme considering different parameters. The results show that increasing the transmission antennas of the OSTBC system provides diversity gains. More so, the CWPC-OSTBC scheme yields an improved coding gain compared to polar code without balancing and other state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Decoding Encoding Polar codes codes Light emitting diodes Symbols Reliability Constant weight polar code multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal space-time block code visible light communication

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MIMO-OFDM-radio over fiber system incorporating higher-order space-time block codes

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MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2020年第1期62卷 37-45页

作者： Kaur, Jaswinder Sharma, Vishal IK Gujral Punjab Tech Univ Kapurthala Punjab India Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Tech Campus Ferozepur Punjab India

Radio over fiber (RoF) is an indispensable technology for the amalgamation of microwave- and optical communication, which facilitates a flexible access-network infrastructure proficient to endow with broadband wireless connectivity over an extensive assortment of applications. Achieving ample spectral efficiency in conjunction with excellent link reliability is the austere menace to the design of such prospect-integrated systems. Moreover, amalgamation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology with multicarrier multiplexing (MCM) such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a proficient contender for supporting such next-generation RoF-based static- and mobile-wireless systems. Earlier, the MIMO-based multicarrier RoF systems are limited to the use of fourth-order spatial diversity (2 x 2 antenna package) using the Alamouti code. Subsequently, the authors investigated the aptness and impetus of such integrated multicarrier RoF systems to provide a reliable and spectrally efficient system and proposed an orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) equipped MIMO-OFDM-RoF system by incorporating higher order spatial diversity in conjunction with QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) schemes. The proposed work is carried out for NLOS (non-line of sight) and LOS (line of sight) scenarios. Furthermore, the demonstrated work elucidates a relative QoS (Quality of Service) explorations of sixth (3 x 2 antenna package) and ninth order spatial diversity (3 x 3 antenna package) and recommend the optimal antenna package as per the requirements of the proposed integrated system in the demonstrated scenarios.

关键词： MIMO multicarrier multiplexing orthogonal space-time block code radio over fiber

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Generalized Selection Combining Scheme for orthogonal space-time block codes with M-QAM and M-PAM Modulation Schemes

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2017年第3期94卷 1619-1641页

作者： Bhaskar, Vidhyacharan Kandpal, Divya San Francisco State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn 1600 Holloway Ave San Francisco CA 94132 USA Northwestern Polytech Univ Dept Elect Engn 47650 Westinghouse Dr Fremont CA 94539 USA SRM Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems implement multiple antennas to enhance diversity gain of wireless communication systems. Earlier work in generalized selection combining (GSC) focused on single-input multiple-output systems without space-time coding. Recently, with the aid of space-time coding, diversity gain became possible using multiple transmit antennas. In this paper, GSC scheme is applied to orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) for 4 x L and 8 x L MIMO systems with various modulation schemes like M-PSK, M-QAM, and M-PAM in a slowly fading Rayleigh channel. The performance of GSC for half rate-full diversity, full rate-full diversity, and 3/4 rate-full diversity OSTBC is discussed and compared. Approximate closed-form expressions for symbol error rate (SER) and ergodic capacity for various OSTBCs are derived. The impact of channel estimation errors on system performance is also examined. Approximate closed-form expressions for performance bounds on SER and ergodic capacity of GSC for MIMO OSTBC are also derived and plotted.

关键词： Multiple-input multiple-output Generalized selection combining Maximal ratio combining Alamouti scheme orthogonal space-time block code Half rate and full rate diversity

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A comparative study of ultra-massive MIMO intelligent receivers with adversarial robustness and energy efficiency for 6G applications

Results in Engineering

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Results in Engineering 2025年 26卷

作者： Pushkar Nidagundi Advesh Darvekar Malik Amber Ramesh R School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu 600127 India

Ultra-Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (UM-MIMO) systems are pivotal for 6G wireless networks, enabling unprecedented data rates and spectral efficiency. However, optimizing these systems requires a careful balance between energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. This paper proposes a novel Taguchi-based optimization framework that systematically fine-tunes power allocation, modulation schemes, and space-time coding parameters, reducing computational complexity by up to 85 % compared to exhaustive search. The approach integrates advanced technologies including UM-MIMO, cognitive radio, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based detection to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimized Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detector achieves up to 95 % reduction in Bit Error Rate (BER) compared to Zero-Forcing (ZF) in small-to-medium UM-MIMO configurations (2 × 2 to 32 × 32), as shown in Tables (4 and 5), while maintaining computational feasibility. For ultra-massive configurations (256 × 256 to 1024 × 1024), optimized ZF offers the best trade-off between performance and energy efficiency. The Taguchi method yields up to 40 % improvement in energy efficiency while maintaining near-perfect BER. Practical implications of massive power consumption, system complexity, and execution time are discussed, alongside a comparative analysis with recent neural network and genetic algorithm optimizations. Limitations of simulation-based evaluation and a plan for experimental validation are also presented. The findings establish deployment guidelines for mission-critical versus energy-sensitive 6G applications.

关键词： UM-MIMO: Ultra-massive multiple input multiple output BER: Bit error rate SNR: Signal-to-noise ratio AWGN: Additive white Gaussian noise ZF: Zero-forcing UM-MIMO Ultra-Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output BER Bit Error Rate SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise ZF Zero-Forcing MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error ML Maximum Likelihood BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation STBC space-time block code OSTBC orthogonal space-time block code AI Artificial Intelligence CNN Convolutional Neural Network 6G Sixth Generation

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Joint Spatial Division and Diversity for Massive MIMO Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第1期67卷 258-272页

作者： Huang, Ke-Wen Wang, Hui-Ming Hou, Jia Jin, Shi Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Soochow Univ Sch Elect & Informat Suzhou 215006 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China

We propose a downlink beamforming scheme that combines spatial division and orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) in multi-user massive multiple-input and multiple-output systems. The beamformer is divided into two parts: a pre-beamforming matrix to separate the users into different beams with no interference between each other, which is designed based on the low-rank covariance matrix of the downlink channel, and a linear precoding matrix using partial or even no channel state information (CSI) concatenated by an OSTBC. To construct the pre-beamforming matrix, a simple method that selects columns from DFT matrix is presented. To design the linear precoding matrix with partial CSI of the effective channel after the pre-beamforming, we solve an optimization problem to minimize the pairwise error probability (PEP) of the users under an individual power or sum power constraint, respectively. For the individual power constraint, a semi-definite relaxing method with a sufficient condition achieving the globally optimal solution is proposed to provide a performance benchmark. In addition, an efficient iterative successive convex approximation (SCA) method is provided to achieve a suboptimal solution. Furthermore, closed-form solutions are derived under some special cases. For the sum power constraint, we consider two different designs, i.e., minimizing the average PEP and minimizing the maximum PEP of all users. We find that both non-convex problems have a similar structure and proposed a unified SCA-alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to handle them. The SCA-ADMM method can be implemented in a parallel manner and, thus, with great efficiency. Simulation results show the efficiency of our proposed JSDD scheme and the optimization method.

关键词： Massive MIMO spatial division orthogonal space-time block code partial channel state information SDR method ADMM method

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Effect of Power Amplifier Nonlinearity on the Physical Layer Security of MIMO Systems

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2017年第4期96卷 5587-5601页

作者： Belkacem, Oussama Ben Haj Ammari, Mohamed Lassaad Bouallegue, Ridha Carthage Univ Innov Com Lab SUPCOM Tunis Tunisia Univ Laval Dept Elect & Comp Engn Quebec City PQ Canada

This paper presents an analytical investigation on the effect of nonlinear high-power amplifiers on the physical layer security of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels with orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC). The performances of the MIMO-OSTBC system are evaluated under Rayleigh fading channels when the eavesdropper channel is uncorrelated with the main one. Analytic closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity are delivered. In order to obtain the secrecy diversity order and the secrecy array gain, an asymptotic SOP expression is also derived. Simulation results are provided to validate our analytical analysis and show an excellent agreement between numerical results and Monte-Carlo simulation curves. Furthermore, the impact of the nonlinearity factors on the SOP performances is discussed.

关键词： Multiple input multiple output orthogonal space-time block code High power amplifier Physical layer security Secrecy outage performance

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Outage Performance of Selective Dual-Hop MIMO Relaying with OSTBC and Transmit Antenna Selection in Rayleigh Fading Channels

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS 2017年第5期13卷 1071-1088页

作者： Lee, In-Ho Choi, Hyun-Ho Lee, Howon Hankyong Natl Univ Dept Elect Elect & Control Engn Anseong South Korea Hankyong Natl Univ IITC Anseong South Korea

For dual-hop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) decode-and-forward relaying systems, we propose a selective relaying scheme that uses orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) and transmit antenna selection with maximal-ratio combining (TAS/MRC) or vice versa at the first and second hops, respectively. The aim is to achieve an asymptotically identical performance to the dual-hop relaying system with only TAS/MRC, while requiring lower feedback overhead. In particular, we give the selection criteria based on the antenna configurations and the average channel powers for the first and second hops, assuming Rayleigh fading channels. Also, the numerical results are shown for the outage performance comparison between the dual-hop DF relaying systems with the proposed scheme, only TAS/MRC, and only OSTBC.

关键词： Dual-Hop Relaying orthogonal space-time block code Outage Probability Rayleigh Fading Transmit Antenna Selection

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An Efficient Channel Estimation for BER Improvement of MC CDMA System using KGMO Algorithm 6

An Efficient Channel Estimation for BER Improvement of MC CD...

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IEEE International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP)

作者： Sreesudha, P. Malleswari, B. L. G Narayanamma Inst Technol & Sci Elect & Telemat Engn Hyderabad Andhra Prades India Sridevi Womens Engn Coll Hyderabad Andhra Prades India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509038008

Nowadays wireless technology plays a major role in the communication system. The range and error free communication has depends on the parameters like BER, SER of the system. For mobile radio communication, Multi Carrier with code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system is a promising technique. The performance of the Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) with MC CDMA system has been improved by minimizing the BER and SER of the system. The proposed algorithm with orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) and Kinetic Gas Molecule Optimization (KGMO) algorithm has improved the performance of the MC CDMA system by minimizing BER of the system.

关键词： Multi Carrier with code Division Multiple Access Multi Input Multi Output orthogonal space-time block code Kinetic Gas Molecule Optimization

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Secure space-time Communications Over Rayleigh Flat Fading Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2016年第2期15卷 1491-1504页

作者： Li, Xiangming Fan, Rongfei Ma, Xiaoli An, Jianping Jiang, Tao Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect Informat & Commun Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

In this paper, we consider the wire-tap channel model consisting of three users, namely, a transmitter, a legal receiver, and an eavesdropper, where the eavesdropper has possible unlimited centralized or distributed multiple antennas, while the legal user has just a single antenna. With this model, we study the realization of strict positive secrecy rate through Rayleigh flat fading channels using M-ary phase shift keying (PSK) and orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) based on channel reciprocal principle. We demonstrate that the information rate at the eavesdropper can be reduced to zero and a positive communication rate at the legal receiver can be realized if the transmitter employs a proper phase precoder based on the channel reciprocal, and uses OSTBC and M-ary PSK modulations for data transmissions. Application examples of space-time codes for positive secrecy rate are illustrated. As we have given the eavesdropper more capabilities than the legal receiver and thus captured a worst case scenario, any positive secrecy rate that is achieved serves as a lower bound on the secrecy capacity.

关键词： Multiple antennas orthogonal space-time block code positive secrecy rate wire-tap channel

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Low-Complexity Decoding in DF MIMO Relaying System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2013年第3期62卷 1123-1137页

作者： Bansal, Ankur Bhatnagar, Manav R. Hjorungnes, Are Han, Zhu Indian Inst Technol Delhi Dept Elect Engn New Delhi 110016 India Univ Oslo Univ Grad Ctr UNIK NO-2027 Kjeller Norway Univ Houston Dept Elect & Comp Engn Houston TX 77004 USA

We derive a maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder for decode-and-forward (DF) based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) cooperative systems having an equal number of antennas at the source and relay nodes, and utilizing an arbitrary complex-valued M-ary constellation. The DF-based MIMO cooperative system considered in this paper utilizes orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) for the transmission of data of the source to the destination. To reduce the decoding complexity, a suboptimal piecewise linear (PL) decoder is also derived, which performs close to the ML decoder. The proposed ML and PL decoders are applicable to arbitrary complex-valued M-ary constellations and require the destination node to possess knowledge of the channel statistics of the source-relay (S-R) links, whereas the existing decoder of multi-antenna-based DF cooperative systems needs to know the exact channel coefficients of the S-R link at the destination. The proposed decoders outperform an amplify-and-forward (AF)-protocol-based multi-antenna cooperative system. We obtain an expression of the average probability of error of the proposed PL decoder using an M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) constellation and a single MIMO relay. The approximate symbol error rate (SER) of the proposed PL decoder is derived with multiple MIMO relays, M-PSK constellation, and asymptotically high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the S-R links. It is analytically shown that the proposed ML and PL decoders achieve maximum possible diversity in the multi-antenna cooperative system with a single relay.

关键词： Decode-and-forward protocol diversity multiple-input multiple-output systems orthogonal space-time block code

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