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12th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems

作者： Maia, Guilherme Guidoni, Daniel L. Aquino, Andre L. L. Loureiro, Antonio A. F. Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Comp Sci Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781605586168

Reprogramming is an important and challenging problem in wireless sensor networks because it is often necessary to in-network sensor processing. Thus, over-the-air programming is a fundamental service that relies upon reliable broadcast for efficient distribution. In this work we use small world features to improve the over-the-air programming. The small world based protocol takes into account the communication workflow of sensor networks to create shortcuts toward the sink, thus improving the reprogramming process. The end-points of these shortcuts are nodes with more powerful hardware, resulting in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network. We then evaluate the behavior of the small world based protocol regarding the number of transmitted messages, energy consumption and time to reconfigure the network.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Networks over-the-air programming Small World

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Seluge plus plus : A Secure over-the-air programming Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks

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SENSORS 2014年第3期14卷 5004-5040页

作者： Doroodgar, Farzan Razzaque, Mohammad Abdur Isnin, Ismail Fauzi Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Comp Skudai 81310 JB Malaysia

over-the-air dissemination of code updates in wireless sensor networks have been researchers' point of interest in the last few years, and, more importantly, security challenges toward the remote propagation of code updating have occupied the majority of efforts in this context. Many security models have been proposed to establish a balance between the energy consumption and security strength, having their concentration on the constrained nature of wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes. For authentication purposes, most of them have used a Merkle hash tree to avoid using multiple public cryptography operations. These models mostly have assumed an environment in which security has to be at a standard level. Therefore, they have not investigated the tree structure for mission-critical situations in which security has to be at the maximum possible level (e.g., military applications, healthcare). Considering this, we investigate existing security models used in over-the-air dissemination of code updates for possible vulnerabilities, and then, we provide a set of countermeasures, correspondingly named Security Model Requirements. Based on the investigation, we concentrate on Seluge, one of the existing over-the-air programming schemes, and we propose an improved version of it, named Seluge++, which complies with the Security Model Requirements and replaces the use of the inefficient Merkle tree with a novel method. Analytical and simulation results show the improvements in Seluge++ compared to Seluge.

关键词： wireless sensor networks Seluge Merkle tree over-the-air programming security

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A Compilation-and Remote-programming-as-a-Service Platform for IoT Devices 12

A Compilation-and Remote-Programming-as-a-Service Platform f...

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12th IEEE International Conference on Joint Cloud Computing (IEEE JCC) / 9th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering (IEEE MobileCloud)

作者： Charalampidis, Pavlos Fragkiadakis, Alexandros Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH ICS Inst Comp Sci Iraklion Greece Hellen Open Univ Sch Sci & Technol Patras Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781665434799

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) presents itself as an emerging technology, which is able to interconnect a massive number of heterogeneous smart objects. These ubiquitous object-enabled networks, which may operate for several years in variable conditions, are used for supporting complex data-driven applications such as smart cities applications, home automation, health monitoring, etc. Throughout their extended lifetime, the devices forming the IoT networks need to be re-programmed, so that new features are added and software bugs or security vulnerabilities are resolved. In this work, we present work-in-progress on the design of a Compilation-and Remote-programming-as-a-Service platform that enables cloud-based compilation and build of device firmware, as well as remote firmware updates for deployed IoT devices, in a reliable and secure way. We introduce the functional architecture of our platform and elaborate on the interaction of functional components. Our solution can easily support various embedded operating systems and heterogeneous hardware platforms, as well as different communication patterns for firmware transfer.

关键词： Internet of Things Cloud computing Platform-as-a-Service Cloud compilation over-the-air programming

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A multicast reprogramming protocol for wireless sensor based on small world concepts

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JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING 2013年第9期73卷 1277-1291页

作者： Maia, Guilherme Aquino, Andre L. L. Guidoni, Daniel L. Loureiro, Antonio A. F. Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Comp Sci Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Univ Fed Alagoas Comp Inst Maceio Alagoas Brazil

Automatic reprogramming is an important and challenging issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A usual approach is the over-the-air programming (OAP), which is a fundamental service based on reliable broadcast for efficient code dissemination. However, existing OAP protocols do not enable the reprogramming of a subset of the sensor nodes in a WSN. Hence, in this work we propose a multicast-based over-the-air programming protocol that considers a small world infrastructure (MOAP-SW). The small world model is used to create shortcuts toward the sink in the communication infrastructure of sensor networks. The endpoints of these shortcuts are more powerful nodes, resulting in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Simulation results show the feasibility of the protocol regarding the number of messages transmitted, the energy consumption and the time to reconfigure the network. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： over-the-air programming Multicast reprogramming Wireless sensor network

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Extreme Value FEC for Reliable Broadcasting in Wireless Networks

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2010年第7期28卷 1180-1189页

作者： Xiao, Weiyao Starobinski, David Boston Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02215 USA

The advent of practical rateless codes enables implementation of highly efficient packet-level forward error correction (FEC) strategies for reliable data broadcasting in loss-prone wireless networks, such as sensor networks. Yet, the critical question of accurately quantifying the proper amount of redundancy has remained largely unsolved. In this paper, we exploit advances in extreme value theory to rigorously address this problem. Under the asymptotic regime of a large number of receivers, we derive a closed-form expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the completion time of file distribution. We show the existence of a phase transition associated with this CDF and accurately locate the transition point. We derive tight convergence bounds demonstrating the accuracy of the asymptotic estimate for the practical case of a finite number of receivers. Further, we asymptotically characterize the CDF of the completion time under heterogeneous packet loss, by establishing a close relationship between the data broadcasting and multi-set coupon collector problems. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach through simulation and through real experiments on a Tmote Sky sensor testbed. Specifically, we augment the existing Rateless Deluge software dissemination protocol with an extreme value FEC strategy. The experimental results reveal reduction by a factor of five in retransmission request messages and by a factor of two in total dissemination time, at the cost of a marginally higher number of data packet transmissions in the order of 5%.

关键词： Extreme Value Theory Coupon Collector's Problem Forward Error Correction (FEC) Rateless Coding over-the-air programming

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A flexible Compilation-as-a-Service and Remote-programming-as-a-Service platform for IoT devices

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INTERNET OF THINGS 2022年 20卷

作者： Charalampidis, Pavlos Makrogiannakis, Antonis Karamolegkos, Nikolaos Papadakis, Stefanos Charalambakis, Yannis Kamaratakis, George Fragkiadakis, Alexandros Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH Inst Comp Sci Iraklion 70013 Crete Greece Noveltech IKE Iraklion 70013 Crete Greece

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) presents itself as an emerging technology, which is able to interconnect a massive number of heterogeneous smart objects. Several complex data-driven applications, such as smart cities applications, home automation, health monitoring, etc., have been realized through the existence of these ubiquitous networks of smart objects. The ability to remotely update the devices forming an IoT network is of paramount importance, as it enables adding new functionality in their firmware, either for resolving software bugs and security vulnerabilities or for application re-purposing, without the need to physically access them. In this work, we present a flexible Compilation-as-a-Service and Remote-programmingas-a-Service platform that jointly offers cloud-based compilation and Firmware-over-The-air (FOTA) update functionalities for deployed IoT devices, in a reliable and secure manner. Our system is capable of easily supporting various embedded operating systems and heterogeneous hardware platforms. We describe the system architecture and elaborate on the implementation details of all system components. In addition, we perform an extensive performance evaluation of a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) deployment of our system and discuss results in terms of system response, scalability and resource utilization.

关键词： Internet-of-Things Cloud computing Platform-as-a-Service Cloud compilation over-the-air programming

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Effective over-the-air Reprogramming for Low-Power Devices in Cyber-Physical Systems 7th

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7th IFIP WG 5.5/SOCOLNET Advanced Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems (DoCEIS)

作者： Kachman, Ondrej Balaz, Marcel Slovak Acad Sci Inst Informat Dubravska Cesta 9 Bratislava 84507 Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319311654;9783319311647

Cyber-physical systems often include sensor devices in their structure. These devices may require firmware updates once deployed and these updates must be energy efficient for battery powered, physically inaccessible sensors. The problem of energy saving reprogramming can be split to four tasks-making old and new firmware versions more similar, generating small delta files using differencing algorithms, propagating delta files and applying updates at the end devices. This paper describes existing approaches dealing with this problem, analyzes their power consumption and introduces new optimizations for differencing algorithms. A new approach is presented that requires no external flash memory, device reboot or complex update agent at the sensor device.

关键词： Reprogramming Low-power devices over-the-air programming Firmware similarity Differencing algorithm Update agent Power consumption

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An Implementation for Dynamic Application Allocation in Shared Sensor Networks 11

An Implementation for Dynamic Application Allocation in Shar...

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11th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC)

作者： Delgado, Carmen Batista, Sergio Canales, Marla Gallego, Jose Ramon Ortin, Jorge Cesana, Matteo Univ Zaragoza Aragon Inst Engn Res Zaragoza Spain Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783903176034

We present a system architecture implementation to perform dynamic application allocation in shared sensor networks, where highly integrated wireless sensor systems are used to support multiple applications. The architecture is based on a central controller that collects the received data from the sensor nodes, dynamically decides which applications must be simultaneously deployed in each node and, accordingly, over-the-air reprograms the sensor nodes. Waspmote devices are used as sensor nodes that communicate with the controller using ZigBee protocol. Experimental results show the viability of the proposal.

关键词： Implementation over-the-air programming Shared Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks ZigBee

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Optimized Differencing Algorithm for Firmware Updates of Low-Power Devices 19

Optimized Differencing Algorithm for Firmware Updates of Low...

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IEEE 19th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)

作者： Kachman, Ondrej Balaz, Marcel Slovak Acad Sci Inst Informat Bratislava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509024674

Modern intelligent systems are often equipped with the low-power wireless sensor or actuator devices in their structure. These devices may need firmware updates once the system is deployed. Battery powered, physically inaccessible devices require energy effective updates. The problem of energy effective updates includes the differencing algorithms that generate small delta meso This paper presents the differencing algorithm that generates the delta files for the updates without an external memory. The proposed algorithm introduces optimizations that improve its performance over the existing solutions. The generated delta files are very small and the updates do not require external flash memory.

关键词： differencing algorithm delta me over-the-air programming firmware update low-power device

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Towards an Integration of AES Cryptography into Deluge Dissemination Protocol for Securing IoTs Reconfiguration

Towards an Integration of AES Cryptography into Deluge Disse...

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IEEE - RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF)

作者： Dang Huynh-Van Ngan Le-Thi-Chau Khoa Ngo-Khanh Quan Le-Trung Vietnam Natl Univ Ho Chi Minh City Univ Informat Technol Dept Comp Networks Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

ISBN: (纸本)9781538693131

In IoT-based system, over-the-air (OTA) programming or IoTs reconfiguration plays a vital role, especially in large-scale deployments. OTA programming allows IoTs devices to be replaced and upgraded the running applications or image by the newer versions without effort on manually install one by one device. However, the development of OTA programming also meets many challenges due to the limitations of memory resources, battery energy as well as communication support of small and constraint devices. Therefore, designing OTA programming solutions supported by a strong security mechanism has been still an open issue. In this paper, an integration of AES cryptography into a well-known network programming protocol (Deluge on TinyOS 2.x) is presented. The paper not only explains Deluge protocol's operation, messages format but also provides numerical results when running this enhancement with real IoTs devices (Telosb mote on TinyOS 2.x). The developed solution can be deployed in the real IoT-based systems for securely re-configuring IoT devices and the presented empirical results can be used as a dataset for research community to compare in other environments.

关键词： over-the-air programming AES cryptography IoTs reconfiguration Deluge TinyOS

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