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papi

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塑料工业 1976年第5期 51-51页

papi的化学名是多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,分子式为〔-CH（NCO）CH〕-n,分子量300～400。它是棕褐色油状粘稠液体,微嗅,比重D=1.2,易与水、醇、酸、碱等反应。

关键词： papi 粘稠液体分子式

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papi based federation as a test-bed for a common security infrastructure in EFDA site's

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FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2008年第2-3期83卷 486-490页

作者： Castro, R. Vega, J. Portas, A. Lopez, D. R. Balme, S. Theis, J. M. Lebourg, P. Fernandes, H. Neto, A. Duarte, A. Oliveira, F. Reis, F. Purahoo, K. Thomsen, K. Schiller, W. Kadlecsik, J. CIEMAT Fus Asociac EURATOM Madrid Spain Entidad Publ Empresarial Red Es Dept RedIRIS Madrid Spain Assoc EURATOM IST Ctr Fusao Nucl Lisbon Portugal UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc Culham Sci Ctr Abingdon OX14 3DB Oxon England Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys EFDA Close Support Unit Garching D-85748 Garching Germany Hungarian Acad Sci KFKI RI Particle & Nucl Phys Budapest Hungary Assoc EURATOM HAS Budapest Hungary

Federated authentication and authorization systems provide several advantages to collaborative environments, for example, easy authentication integration, simpler user management, easier security policy implementation and quicker implementation of access control elements for new type of resources. A federation integrates different aspects that have to be coordinated by all the organizations involved. The most relevant are: definition of common schemas and attributes, definition of common policies and procedures, management of keys and certificates, management of common repositories and implementation of a home location service. A federation enabling collaboration of European sites has been put into operation. Four laboratories have been integrated and two more organizations (EFDA and KFKI/HAS) are finishing their integration. The federation infrastructure is based on Point of Access to Providers of Information (papi), a distributed authentication and authorization system. papi technology gives some important features, such as, single sign on for accessing to different resources, mobility for users, and compatibility with open and standard technologies: Java, JNLP protocol, XML-RPC and web technologies among others. In this article, the test-bed of EFDA federation is presented. Some examples of resources, securely shared inside the federation, are shown. Specific issues and experience gained in deploying federated collaboration systems will be addressed as well. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： federation papi authentication authorization security EFDA Java HTTP

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papiFY: Automatic Instrumentation and Monitoring of Dynamic Dataflow Applications Based on papi

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 111801-111812页

作者： Madronal, Daniel Arrestier, Florian Sancho, Jaime Morvan, Antoine Lazcano, Raquel Desnos, Karol Salvador, Ruben Menard, Daniel Juarez, Eduardo Sanz, Cesar Univ Politecn Madrid Res Ctr Software Technol & Multimedia Syst CITSEM Madrid 28031 Spain Univ Rennes INSA Rennes CNRS IETR UMR 6164 F-35708 Rennes France

The widening of the complexity-productivity gap in application development witnessed in the last years is becoming an important issue for the developers. New design methods try to automate most designers tasks to bridge this gap. In addition, new Model of Computations (MoCs), as those dataflow-based, ease the expression of parallelism within applications, leading to higher designer productivity. Rapid prototyping design tools offer fast estimations of the soundness of design choices. A key step when prototyping an application is to have representative performance indicators to estimate the validity of those design choices. Such indicators can be obtained using hardware information, while new libraries, e.g., Performance Application Programming Interface (papi), ease the access to such hardware information. In this work, papiFY toolbox is presented as a tool to perform automatic papi-based instrumentation of dynamic dataflow applications. It combines papiFY with a dataflow Y-chart based design framework, which is called PREESM, and its companion run-time reconfiguration manager, which is called Synchronous Parameterized and Interfaced Dataflow Embedded Runtime (SPiDER). papiFY toolbox accounts for an automatic code generator for static and dynamic applications, a dedicated library to manage the monitoring at run-time and two User Interfaces (UIs) to ease both the configuration and the analysis of the captured run-time information. Additionally, its main advantages are 1) its capability of adapting the monitoring according to the system status and 2) adaptation of the monitoring accordingly to application workload redistribution in run-time. A thorough overhead characterization using Sobel-morpho and Stereo-matching dataflow applications shows that papiFY run-time monitoring overhead is up to 10%.

关键词： Performance monitoring PMCs papi automatic code generation dataflow models of computation code instrumentation

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papi software-defined events for in-depth performance analysis

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 2019年第6期33卷 1113-1127页

作者： Jagode, Heike Danalis, Anthony Anzt, Hartwig Dongarra, Jack Univ Tennessee Tickle Coll Engn Innovat Comp Lab Knoxville TN USA Univ Tennessee Innovat Comp Lab Suite 203 Claxton1122 Volunteer Blvd Knoxville TN 37996 USA Univ Tennessee Jack Dongarras Innovat Comp Lab Knoxville TN USA Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Karlsruhe Inst Technol Steinbuch Ctr Comp Karlsruhe Germany Oak Ridge Natl Lab Oak Ridge TN USA Univ Manchester Manchester Lancs England

The methodology and standardization layer provided by the Performance Application Programming Interface (papi) has played a vital role in application profiling for almost two decades. It has enabled sophisticated performance analysis tool designers and performance-conscious scientists to gain insights into their applications by simply instrumenting their code using a handful of papi functions that "just work" across different hardware components. In the past, papi development had focused primarily on hardware-specific performance metrics. However, the rapidly increasing complexity of software infrastructure poses new measurement and analysis challenges for the developers of large-scale applications. In particular, acquiring information regarding the behavior of libraries and runtimes-used by scientific applications-requires low-level binary instrumentation, or APIs specific to each library and runtime. No uniform API for monitoring events that originate from inside the software stack has emerged. In this article, we present our efforts to extend papi's role so that it becomes the de facto standard for exposing performance-critical events, which we refer to as software-defined events (SDEs), from different software layers. Upgrading papi with SDEs enables monitoring of both types of performance events-hardware- and software-related events-in a uniform way, through the same consistent papi. The goal of this article is threefold. First, we motivate the need for SDEs and describe our design decisions regarding the functionality we offer through papi's new SDE interface. Second, we illustrate how SDEs can be utilized by different software packages, specifically, by showcasing their use in the numerical linear algebra library MAGMA-Sparse, the tensor algebra library TAMM that is part of the NWChem suite, and the compiler-based performance analysis tool Byfl. Third, we provide a performance analysis of the overhead that results from monitoring SDEs and discuss the trade-of

关键词： papi SDE software-defined events libraries instrumentation performance NWChem MAGMA Byfl

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Preparation and Characterization of Blocked papi with Sodium Bisulfate

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JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012年第10-11期26卷 1685-1698页

作者： Zuo, Yingfeng Gu, Jiyou Zhang, Yanhua Tan, Haiyan Li, Ping Di, Mingwei NE Forestry Univ Key Lab Biobased Mat Sci & Technol Minist Educ Harbin 150040 Peoples R China

In this work sodium bisulfate was used as a blocking agent to block polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate (papi). The particle size distribution rate and the factors influencing the stability of the blocked isocyanate emulsion were studied by varying the stirring speed. Furthermore the blocked isocyanate was characterized using a variety of methods. In order to determine the best stirring speed for preparing blocked isocyanate, a laser particle size analyzer and thermo gravimetric analysis were used to the measure particle size distribution rate and the stability of the blocked isocyanate emulsion, respectively. Experimental results show that blocked rate was 96.77%, and that the blocked isocyanate emulsion dispersion was best, and had the greatest stability, at the stirring speed of 400 r/min. Different solvents were used to wash the blocked isocyanate emulsion and the freeze-dried product. Analysis by XPS, FTIR, DSC and TGA were used to characterize the blocked products, and the blocked isocyanate was also quantitative analyzed. Results from XPS, FTIR, DSC and TGA analytical methods were able to qualitatively analyze the various components of products. Combining these results with the quantitative analysis the blocked rate of instrument analysis was found to be 86.18%. This was lower than the value of 96.77% for the blocked rate measured by chemical analysis. This work could provide a reference for researchers to distinguish the components of blocked isocyanates and provide an instrument analysis method for measuring the blocked rate. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2012

关键词： Sodium bisulfate papi blocking characterization

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From papi to CAPI -: The case of the British Household Panel Survey

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SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW 2000年第4期18卷 397-406页

作者： Banks, R Laurie, H Univ Essex Inst Social & Econ Res Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England

This article describes the conversion of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) to a computer aided personal interviewing (CAPI) mode of data collection. The BHPS is a panel survey, now in its 10th year of data collection, carried out by the Institute for Social and Economic Research based at the University of Essex. Moving to CAPI midway in the life of a panel survey presents particular challenges, and the article discusses the implications of the move and details the staged strategy by which it was accomplished within a very tight timescale. The authors show how this approach has provided many of the benefits of a CAPI mode of data collection while posing little risk to the integrity of the panel sample as a whole, generating, nevertheless, challenges of its own.

关键词： CAPI papi BHPS LIB IN2ITIVE surveys panel longitudinal

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Software-defined Events through papi 33

Software-defined Events through PAPI

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33rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)

作者： Danalis, Anthony Jagode, Heike Herault, Thomas Luszczek, Piotr Dongarra, Jack Univ Tennessee Innovat Comp Lab Knoxville TN 37996 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538655559

papi has been used for almost two decades as an abstraction and standardization layer for profiling hardware-specific performance metrics. However, application developers- and profiling software packages-are quite often interested in information beyond hardware counters, such as the behavior of libraries used by the software that is being profiled. So far, accessing this information has required interfacing directly with the libraries on a case-by-case basis, or low-level binary instrumentation. In this paper, we introduce the new Software-Defined Event (SDE) component of papi which aims to enable papi to serve as an abstraction and standardization layer for events that originate in software layers as well. Extending papi to include SDEs enables monitoring of both types of performance events-hardware- and software-related events-in a uniform way, through the same consistent papi interface. Furthermore, implementing SDE as a papi component means that the new API is aimed only at the library developers who wish to export events from within their libraries. The API for reading papi events-both hardware and software-remains the same, so all legacy codes and tools that use papi will not only continue to work, but they will automatically be able to read SDEs wherever those are available. The goal of this paper is threefold. First, we outline our design decisions regarding the functionality we offer through the new SDE interface, and offer simple examples of usage. Second, we illustrate how those events can be utilized by different software packages, specifically, by showcasing their use in the task-based runtime PaRSEC, and the HPCG supercomputing benchmark. Third, we provide a thorough performance analysis of the overhead that results from monitoring different types of SDEs, and showcase the negligible overhead of using papi SDE even in cases of extremely heavy use.

关键词： papi SDE Software-defined Events libraries runtimes instrumentation performance PaRSEC HPCG

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Memory Traffic and Complete Application Profiling with papi Multi-Component Measurements

Memory Traffic and Complete Application Profiling with PAPI ...

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37th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)

作者： Barry, Daniel Jagode, Heike Danalis, Anthony Dongarra, Jack Univ Tennessee Innovat Comp Lab Knoxville TN 37996 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350311990

Some of the most important categories of performance events count the data traffic between the processing cores and the main memory. However, since these counters are not coreprivate, applications require elevated privileges to access them. papi offers a component that can access this information on IBM systems through the Performance Co-Pilot (PCP);however, doing so adds an indirection layer that involves querying the PCP daemon. This paper performs a quantitative study of the accuracy of the measurements obtained through this component on the Summit supercomputer. We use two linear algebra kernelsa generalized matrix multiply, and a modified matrix-vector multiply-as benchmarks and a distributed, GPU-accelerated 3D-FFT mini-app (using cuFFT) to compare the measurements obtained through the papi PCP component against the expected values across different problem sizes. We also compare our measurements against an in-house machine with a very similar architecture to Summit, where elevated privileges allow papi to access the hardware counters directly (without using PCP) to show that measurements taken via PCP are as accurate as the those taken directly. Finally, using both QMCPACK and the 3DFFT, we demonstrate the diverse hardware activities that can be monitored simultaneously via papi hardware components.

关键词： GPU power high performance computing memory bandwidth network traffic papi performance analysis performance counters

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Structural insights into the sequence-specific recognition of Piwi by Drosophila papi

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2018年第13期115卷 3374-3379页

作者： Zhang, Yuhan Liu, Weiwei Li, Ronghong Gu, Jiaqi Wu, Ping Peng, Chao Ma, Jinbiao Wu, Ligang Yu, Yang Huang, Ying Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Biochem & Cell Biol Shanghai Key Lab Mol Androl State Key Lab Mol BiolCAS Ctr Excellence Mol Cel Shanghai 200031 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Sci Res Ctr Shanghai 201204 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Biophys Key Lab RNA Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Fudan Univ State Key Lab Genet Engn Collaborat Innovat Ctr Genet & Dev Dept BiochemSch Life Sci Shanghai 200438 Peoples R China Natl Facil Prot Sci Shanghai Zhangjiang Lab Shanghai 201210 Peoples R China

The Tudor domain-containing (Tdrd) family proteins play a critical role in transposon silencing in animal gonads by recognizing the symmetrically dimethylated arginine (sDMA) on the (G/A)R motif of the N-terminal of PIWI family proteins via the eTud domains. papi, also known as "Tdrd2," is involved in Zucchini-mediated PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) 3'-end maturation. Intriguingly, a recent study showed that, in papi mutant flies, only Piwi-bound piRNAs increased in length, and not Ago3-bound or Aub-bound piRNAs. However, the molecular and structural basis of the papi-Piwi complex is still not fully understood, which limitsmechanistic understanding of the function of papi in piRNA biogenesis. In the present study, we determined the crystal structures of papi-eTud in the apo form and in complex with a peptide containing unmethylated or dimethylated R10 residues. Structural and biochemical analysis showed that the papi interaction region on the Drosophila Piwi contains an RGRRR motif (R7-R11) distinct from the consensus (G/A) R motif recognized by canonical eTud. Mass spectrometry results indicated that Piwi is the major binding partner of papi in vivo. The papi mutant flies suffered from both fertility and transposon-silencing defects, supporting the important role conferred to papi in piRNA 3' processing through direct interaction with Piwi proteins.

关键词： papi Piwi eTud domain piRNA biogenesis 3 '-end trimming

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Empirical Analysis of Data Acquisition Techniques: papi vs. CAPI 6

Empirical Analysis of Data Acquisition Techniques: PAPI vs. ...

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6th International Conference on Cloud System and Big Data Engineering (Confluence)

作者： Bhatia, Mantek Singh Jaiswal, Arunima Amity Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn ASET Noida Uttar Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467382038

Data acquisition refers to the act of collecting data on a large scale. This paper presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of two data acquisition techniques, namely, Pen and Paper Interviewing (papi) and Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). It cites two case studies to clearly define the difference between the two techniques. They have been compared on four factors, namely, cost, time consumed during the whole process, productivity of each interviewer and quality assessment of each techniques (average number of errors occurred per interview). It emphasizes on providing absolute numbers to clearly show the difference between the two techniques.

关键词： papi CAPI Data Acquisition Techniques Data mining Data Analytics

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