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畜牧与兽医 2012年第S1期44卷 182-182页

作者：郭锋张艳红倪迎冬赵茹茜南京农业大学农业部动物生理生化重点开放实验室江苏南京210095

肝脏糖异生是鸡胚发育过程中葡萄糖的主要来源,磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧基酶(Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,pepck)是糖异生过程的关键酶。目前,肉鸡胚胎期肝脏糖异生以及pepck表达的品种差异尚未见报道。因此,本试验选取慢速生长型广... 详细信息

肝脏糖异生是鸡胚发育过程中葡萄糖的主要来源,磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧基酶(Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,pepck)是糖异生过程的关键酶。目前,肉鸡胚胎期肝脏糖异生以及pepck表达的品种差异尚未见报道。因此,本试验选取慢速生长型广东土种黄羽肉鸡(YC)和快速生长型的商品化白羽肉鸡(WC)的种蛋各40枚孵化,于18胚龄(18E)

关键词： pepck 糖异生胚胎期烯醇式关键酶遗传调控生长型胚龄土种葡萄糖含量

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Clapepck4: target gene for breeding innovative watermelon germplasm with low malic acid and high sweetness

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GM CROPS & FOOD-BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND THE FOOD CHAIN 2025年第1期16卷 156-170页

作者： Yang, Congji Shi, Jiale Qin, Yuanyuan Hua, Shengqi Bao, Jiancheng Liu, Xueyan Peng, Yuqi Gu, Yige Dong, Wei Henan Univ Sch Life Sci State Key Lab Cotton Biol Kaifeng Peoples R China Henan Univ Sch Life Sci North Sect Jinming Ave Kaifeng Henan Peoples R China

Malic acid markedly affects watermelon flavor. Reducing the malic acid content can significantly increase the sweetness of watermelon. An effective solution strategy is to reduce watermelon malic acid content through molecular breeding technology. In this study, we measured the TSS and pH of six watermelon varieties at four growth nodes. The TSS content was very low at 10 DAP and accumulated rapidly at 18, 26, and 34 DAP. Three phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) genes of watermelon were identified and analyzed. The Clapepck4 expression was inversely proportional to malate content variations in fruits. In transgenic watermelon plants, overexpressing the Clapepck4 gene, malic acid content markedly decreased. In the knockout transgenic watermelon plants, two SNP mutations and one base deletion occurred in the Clapepck4 gene, with the malic acid content in the leaves increasing considerably and the pepck enzyme activity reduced to half of the wild-type. It is interesting that the Clapepck4 gene triggered the closure of leaf stomata under dark conditions in the knockout transgenic plants, which indicated its involvement in stomatal movement. In conclusion, this study provides a gene target Clapepck4 for creating innovative new high-sweetness watermelon varieties.

关键词： Fruit development gluconeogenesis malic acid pepck watermelon

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Citronellal Alleviates Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet/Streptozocin Model: Role of Asprosin/Olfactory Receptor Axis

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MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH 2025年第4期69卷 e202400654页

作者： Abdelaziz, Aya El-Far, Yousra M. Abdel-Rahman, Noha Mansoura Univ Fac Pharm Biochem Dept Mansoura Egypt

Ectopic olfactory receptors are expressed in nonolfactory tissues and perform diverse roles including regulation of glucose homeostasis. We explored the effect of citronellal treatment on olfactory receptor 4M1 subtype (OR4M1) signaling in insulin resistance and Type II diabetes in rats. We aimed to validate the anti-diabetic effect of citronellal through Asprosin/OR4M1 modulation. Exploring new antidiabetics and pharmacological targets is important to improve quality of life and limit complications. The model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by a high-fat diet for 4 weeks followed by a single low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg/ip). One week after STZ injection, oral citronellal (100 mg/kg) was administered for 4 weeks. Citronellal lowered serum glucose and triglycerides and ameliorated OGTT and HOMA-IR results. Docking results revealed that citronellal blocked the Asprosin binding site at OR4M1. The hepatic expression of OR4M1 and Asprosin was reduced. Citronellal lowered cAMP levels causing attenuated levels of protein kinase A and downstream gluconeogenic enzymes: glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Citronellal also inhibited the expression of hepatic TLR-4 and inhibited JNK phosphorylation. Citronellal attenuated hepatic levels of NF-kappa B, p-NF-kappa B, and downstream proteins MCP-1 and TNF-alpha. These results suggest that citronellal alleviates insulin resistance by mitigating Asprosin/OR4M1 and Asprosin/TLR4/JNK signaling.

关键词： G6Pase insulin resistance PKA pepck

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Resolving the intergeneric phylogeny of the large carrion beetles (Staphylinidae: Silphinae: Silphini)

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SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY 2025年第1期50卷 168-179页

作者： Mahlerova, Karolina Jakubec, Pavel Krak, Karol Ruzicka, Jan Czech Univ Life Sci Prague Fac Environm Sci Dept Ecol Kamycka 129 CZ-16500 Prague Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Inst Bot Pruhonice Czech Republic

The worldwide distributed subfamily of rove beetles Silphinae contains two well-established tribes, based on both morphological and molecular data. The relationships within the tribe Nicrophorini have been mostly resolved;however, the tribe Silphini still lacks a robust phylogeny. Thus, here we resolved the phylogeny of the tribe based on 42 species of the 114 known species, using five molecular markers. Heterotemna tenuicornis Brulle clustered as sister to Silpha tristis Illiger, making the subgenus Silpha Linnaeus paraphyletic. Consequently, Heterotemna Wollaston is considered a junior subjective synonym of Silpha Linnaeus;requiring the following combinations: Silpha (Silpha) britoi (Garcia & Perez), comb. nov., Silpha (Silpha) figurata Brulle, comb. rest., and Silpha (Silpha) tenuicornis Brulle, comb. rest. Our estimate of the phylogeny agrees with current generic limits except it revealed that the genus Aclypea Reitter arose from within the genus Silpha, thus making the latter paraphyletic. Some ambiguity remains regarding the confidence of this finding;therefore, we refrain from synonymizing Aclypea until further study. Furthermore, it includes biogeographical information for each genus, which estimates the history of distributions of the Silphini across the Australian, Neotropical, and Oriental regions.

关键词： 16S 28S COI Coleoptera molecular phylogeny pepck Wingless

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The ancient Cgpepck-1, not CgPECK-2, evolved into a multifunctional molecule as an intracellular enzyme and extracellular PRR

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DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023年 145卷 104722页

作者： Yin, Xiaoting Qiu, Limei Long, Dandan Lv, Zhao Liu, Qing Wang, Senyu Zhang, Weiqian Zhang, Kexin Xie, Mengxi Chinese Acad Sci Inst Oceanol CAS Ctr Ocean Mega Sci CAS & Shandong Prov Key Lab Expt Marine Biol Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China Pilot Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol Qingdao Lab Marine Biol & Biotechnol Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Coll Earth & Planetary Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Qingdao Agr Univ Sch Marine Biol & Engn Qingdao 266109 Peoples R China

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) is a well-known lyase involved in gluconeogenesis, while their evolution and function differentiation have not been fully understood. In this study, by constructing a phylogenetic tree to examine pepcks throughout the evolution from poriferans to vertebrates, Mollusk was highlighted as the only phylum to exhibit two distinct lineages, Mollusca_pepck-1 and Mollusca_pepck-2. Further study of two representative members from Crassostrea gigas (Cgpepck-1 and Cgpepck-2) showed that they both shared conserved sequences and structural characteristics of the catalytic enzyme, while Cgpepck-2 displayed a higher expression level than Cgpepck-1 in all tested tissues, and Cgpepck-1 was specifically implicated in the immune defense against LPS stimulation and Vibrio splendidus infection. Functional analysis revealed that Cgpepck-2 had stronger enzymatic activity than Cgpepck-1, while Cgpepck-1 exhibited stronger binding activity with various PAMPs, and only the protein of Cgpepck-1 increased significantly in hemolymph during immune stimulation. All results supported that distinct sequence and function differentiations of the pepck gene family should have occurred since Mollusk. The more advanced evolutionary branch Mollusca_pepck-2 should preserve its essential function as a catalytic enzyme to be more specialized and efficient, while the ancient branch Mollusca_pepck-1 probably contained some members, such as Cgpepck-1, that should be integrated into the immune system as an extracellular immune recognition receptor.

关键词： pepck Gene evolution and differentiation PRR Catalyzing enzyme

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Photosynthetic responses of three C₄ grasses of different metabolic subtypes to water deficit

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FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2007年第3期34卷 204-213页

作者： Carmo-Silva, Ana E. Soares, Ana S. da Silva, Jorge Marques da Silva, Anabela Bernardes Keys, Alfred J. Arrabaca, Maria Celeste Univ Lisbon Ctr Engn Biol Fac Ciencias P-1749016 Lisbon Portugal Univ Lisbon Dept Biol Vegetal Fac Ciencias P-1749016 Lisbon Portugal Rothamsted Res Crop Performance & Improvement Div Harpenden AL5 2JQ Herts England

C-4 plants are considered to be less sensitive to drought than C-3 plants because of their CO2 concentrating mechanism. The C-4 grasses, Paspalum dilatatum Poiret (NADP-ME), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers (NAD-ME) and Zoysia japonica Steudel (pepck) were compared in their response to water deficit imposed by the addition of polyethylene glycol to the nutrient solution in which they were grown. The effects of drought on leaf relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, carboxylating enzyme activities and chlorophyll a fluorescence were investigated. In C. dactylon the RWC was more sensitive, but the photosynthetic activity was less sensitive, to water deficit than in P. dilatatum and Z. japonica. The decrease of photosynthesis in P. dilatatum under water deficit was not closely related to the activities of the carboxylating enzymes or to chlorophyll a fluorescence. However, decreased activities of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, in addition to decreased stomatal conductance, may have contributed to the decrease of photosynthesis with drought in C. dactylon and Z. japonica. The different responses to water deficit are discussed in relation to the natural habitats of C-4 grasses.

关键词： C-4 plants drought NADP gME NAD ME pepck

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Role of C4 photosynthetic enzyme isoforms in C3 plants and their potential applications in improving agronomic traits in crops

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022年第3期154卷 233-258页

作者： Singh, Jitender Garai, Sampurna Das, Shubhashis Thakur, Jitendra Kumar Tripathy, Baishnab Charan Natl Inst Plant Genome Res New Delhi 110067 India Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol New Delhi 110067 India Sharda Univ Dept Biotechnol Greater Noida 201301 UP India

As compared to C3, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates and better tolerance to high temperature and drought. These traits are highly beneficial in the current scenario of global warming. Interestingly, all the genes of the C4 photosynthetic pathway are present in C3 plants, although they are involved in diverse non-photosynthetic functions. Non-photosynthetic isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), the decarboxylating enzymes NAD/NADP-malic enzyme (NAD/NADP-ME), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), and finally pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyze reactions that are essential for major plant metabolism pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, maintenance of cellular pH, uptake of nutrients and their assimilation. Consistent with this view differential expression pattern of these non-photosynthetic C3 isoforms has been observed in different tissues across the plant developmental stages, such as germination, grain filling, and leaf senescence. Also abundance of these C3 isoforms is increased considerably in response to environmental fluctuations particularly during abiotic stress. Here we review the vital roles played by C3 isoforms of C4 enzymes and the probable mechanisms by which they help plants in acclimation to adverse growth conditions. Further, their potential applications to increase the agronomic trait value of C3 crops is discussed.

关键词： C4 Photosynthesis C3 plants C4 enzymes Abiotic stress CA NADP-ME MDH pepck PPDK

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20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 alleviates T2DM induced liver injury via the Akt/FOXO1 pathway

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2022年第9期20卷 669-678页

作者： SU Wen-Ya FAN Mei-Ling LI Ying HU Jun-Nan CAI En-Bo ZHU Hong-Yan SONG Ming-Jie LI Wei College of Chinese Medicinal Materials Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118China Maternity Diagnosis&Treatment Center the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun 130021China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development Changchun 130118China

Diabetes-associated liver injury becomes a dominant hepatopathy,leading to hepatic failure *** current study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of ginsenoside Rh1(G-Rh1)on liver injury induced by T2DM.A T2DM model was established using C57BL/6 mice through feeding with HFD followed by injection with streptozotocin at 100 mg·kg^(−1).Then the mice were continuously administered with G-Rh1(5 and 10 mg·kg^(−1)),to explore the protective effects of G-Rh1 against liver *** showed that G-Rh1 exerted significant effects on maintaining the levels of FBG and insulin,and ameliorated the increased levels of TG,TC and LDL-C induced by ***,apoptosis in liver tissue was relieved by G-Rh1,according to histological ***,in diabetic mice,it was observed that not only the increased secretion of G6Pase and pepck in the gluconeogenesis pathway,but also inflammatory factors including NF-κB and NLRP3 were suppressed by G-Rh1 ***,the underlying mechanisms by which G-Rh1 exhibited ameliorative effects was associated with its capacity to inhibit the activation of the Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway induced by *** together,our preliminary study demonstrated the potential mechnism of G-Rh1 in protecting the liver against T2DM-induced damage.

关键词： G-Rh1 Liver injury Gluconeogenesis pepck G6Pase Akt/FOXO1 Inflammation

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Regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis by nuclear factor Y transcription factor in mice

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JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 2018年第20期293卷 7894-7904页

作者： Zhang, Yanjie Guan, Qiuyue Liu, Yin Zhang, Yuwei Chen, Yulong Chen, Jinglu Liu, Yulan Su, Zhiguang Sichuan Univ West China Hosp State Key Lab Biotherapy Mol Med Res Ctr Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Peoples R China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Peoples R China Peoples Hosp Sichuan Prov Dept Geriatr Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Peoples R China Sichuan Univ West China Hosp Div Endocrinol & Metab Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Peoples R China

Hepatic gluconeogenesis is essential to maintain blood glucose levels, and its abnormal activation leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis remain to be fully defined. In this study, using murine hepatocytes and a liver-specific knockout mouse model, we explored the physiological role of nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanism. We found that NF-Y targets the gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver. Hepatic NF-Y expression was effectively induced by cAMP, glucagon, and fasting in vivo. Lentivirus-mediated NF-Y overexpression in Hepa1-6 hepatocytes markedly raised the gluconeogenic gene expression and cellular glucose production compared with empty vector control cells. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of NF-Y subunit A (NF-YA) attenuated gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production. We also provide evidence indicating that CRE-loxP-mediated, liver-specific NF-YA knockout compromises hepatic glucose production. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter gene assays and ChIP analysis indicated that NF-Y activates transcription of the gluconeogenic genes Pck1 and G6pc, by encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6Pase), respectively, via directly binding to the CCAAT regulatory sequence motif in their promoters. Of note, NF-Y enhanced gluconeogenesis by interacting with cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Overall, our results reveal a previously unrecognized physiological function of NF-Y in controlling glucose metabolism by up-regulating the gluconeogenic genes Pck1 and G6pc. Modulation of hepatic NF-Y expression may therefore offer an attractive therapeutic approach to manage type 2 diabetes.

关键词： diabetes transcription regulation gluconeogenesis gene knockout mouse CREB G6Pase glucagon nuclear factor Y pepck

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Effect of Simulated Microgravity on the Activity of Regulatory Enzymes of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis in Mice Liver

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MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014年第5期25卷 303-309页

作者： Ramirez, Joaquin Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan Sarkar, Shubhashish Ramesh, Govindarajan T. Sharma, S. Chidananda Texas So Univ Dept Biol Houston TX 77004 USA

Gravity supports all the life activities present on earth. Microgravity environments have effect on the biological functions and physiological status of an individual. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of simulated microgravity on important regulatory enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in liver using HLS mice model. Following hind limb unloading of mice for 11 days the animal's average body weights were found to be not different, while the liver weights were decreased and found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) from control mice. Further, in liver the specific activity of hexokinase enzyme was reduced (p < 0.02) and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was significantly increased in simulated microgravity subjected mice compared to control (p < 0.003). Immunoblot analysis show decreased phosphofructokinase-2 activity in HLS mice compared to control. Liver lactate dehydrogenase activity significantly reduced in simulated microgravity subjected mice (p < 0.005). Thus in our study the rodents have adapted to simulated microgravity conditions, with decreased glycolysis and increased gluconeogenesis in liver and reciprocally regulated.

关键词： Simulated microgravity Hexokinase pepck LDH PFK-2

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