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Infrared dim and small target detecting and tracking method inspired by Human Visual System

INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY 2014年 62卷 100-109页

作者： Dong, Xiabin Huang, Xinsheng Zheng, Yongbin Shen, Lurong Bai, Shengjian Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Mechatron Engn & Automat Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China

Detecting and tracking dim and small target in infrared images and videos is one of the most important techniques in many computer vision applications, such as video surveillance and infrared imaging precise guidance. Recently, more and more algorithms based on Human Visual System (HVS) have been proposed to detect and track the infrared dim and small target. In general, HVS concerns at least three mechanisms including contrast mechanism, visual attention and eye movement. However, most of the existing algorithms simulate only a single one of the HVS mechanisms, resulting in many drawbacks of these algorithms. A novel method which combines the three mechanisms of HVS is proposed in this paper. First, a group of Difference of Gaussians (DOG) filters which simulate the contrast mechanism are used to filter the input image. Second, a visual attention, which is simulated by a Gaussian window, is added at a point near the target in order to further enhance the dim small target. This point is named as the attention point. Eventually, the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (pid) algorithm is first introduced to predict the attention point of the next frame of an image which simulates the eye movement of human being. Experimental results of infrared images with different types of backgrounds demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method to detect and track the dim and small targets. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Infrared small target tracking Human Visual System DOG filter Gaussian window pid algorithm

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DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY MICROCOMPUTER OF A PILOT-PLANT REACTOR

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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS 1987年第2期11卷 99-106页

作者： TESSIER, P THERIEN, N Département de Génie Chimique Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada

A digital control system for distributed temperature control in a catalytic chemical reactor producing hydrogen is required. The system uses a 6809-based S/09 microcomputer from Southwest Technical Products Corp. The paper first overviews the reaction process, the reactor and its modelling, and then discusses the microcomputer and data acquisition system. The implementations of power control and energy requirement calculation are presented before a summary of the complete control algorithm; a listing of the control algorithm is supplied as an appendix. The final modified pid control algorithm adopted shows significant improvements in temperature adjustment time when compared to manual and open loop control methods.

关键词： MC6809 microsystems pid algorithm process control

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An Intelligent Temperature Control algorithm of Molecular Beam Epitaxy System Based on the Back-Propagation Neural Network

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 9848-9855页

作者： Wu, Guoqing Wang, Yang Gong, Qian Li, Li Wu, Xiaoyan Shanghai Normal Univ Coll Informat Mech & Elect Engn Shanghai 200234 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Informat Technol State Key Lab Funct Mat Informat Shanghai 200050 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Ctr Quantum Sensing & Informat Proc QSIP State Key Lab Adv Opt Commun Syst & Networks Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Temperature control is a critical aspect for the semiconductor material growth of the Molecular Beam Epitaxy system. The growth rate depends on the temperature of the beam source, and the quality of epi-layers heavily depends on the temperature of the substrate. In this paper, we reported an intelligent temperature control algorithm based on the BP neural network, which is specially optimized for the Molecular Beam Epitaxy system. After training the BP neural network by the collected temperature data of the Molecular Beam Epitaxy, the intelligent temperature control algorithm keeps the temperature error within 0.1 degrees C. Moreover, this intelligent algorithm in the field of Molecular Beam Epitaxy achieves a better control effect, reduces the regulation time of the system and makes the system overshoot to zero.

关键词： Molecular beam epitaxial growth Neural networks PD control PI control Substrates Process control Monitoring Back propagation neural network molecular beam epitaxy pid algorithm

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A VDD Correction Method for Static Stability Test of SRAM Bit Cell

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY 2020年第3期20卷 530-540页

作者： Liu, Yuyan Shi, Zheng Pan, Weiwei Lan, Fan Zhejiang Univ Inst VLSI Design Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Semitronix Corp Hangzhou 310012 Peoples R China

SRAM stability is a major concern in nanometer CMOS technologies. As the most important metrics of SRAM static stability, the static characteristics of SRAM are derived by static characteristic curves (read butterfly curve, standby butterfly curve, read N curve, write N curve and WNM curve). This paper deduces the read butterfly curve transfer function as an example to show the effect of supply voltage deviation. In order to increase the quantity of SRAM DUTs (Device under Tests) and test accuracy, we propose a test method with VDD correction which eliminates the effect of supply voltage deviation. First, an addressable test structure is applied, where the transmission gates are used to force and sense the node voltages, and then correct the voltages. Second, a test algorithm with fast convergence combining the bisection method and pid (Proportion Integral Differential) algorithm is proposed to correct the voltages. SPICE simulations show that the proposed method reduces the error from approximately 10% (commonly used methods) to less than 2%. It is further implemented in a standard 55nm CMOS process, and the static characteristic curves of 1k-bits SRAM DUTs are measured within the accuracy range of 1 mV, which fit well with the simulation results, indicating the method can accurately measure 1k-bits DUTs.

关键词： Random access memory Stability analysis Voltage measurement Transistors Logic gates Current measurement Testing Addressable test structure force and sense VDD correction test algorithm bisection method pid algorithm SNM static characteristics

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Cost-Oriented Mobile Robot Assistant for Disabled Care

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第24期48卷 128-133页

作者： Chivarov, Nayden Chikurtev, Denis Yovchev, Kaloyan Shivarov, Stefan European Polytechnical University Pernik Bulgaria Institute of Information and Communication Technologies BAS United States Code Assistance United States ISER-BAS Bulgaria

This abstract describes briefly how mobile robot assistant system for disabled persons can be cost-effective. This is done by using a widely available on the market robot parts and a web based user interface. So this system can easily be controlled even over the Internet. To be a user-friendly the robot firmware and software implements various control algorithms - like pid based motor control and collision avoidance. This results in achieving a very smooth and precise movement and a control tolerant to operator's mistakes. Different methods for sending movement commands to the mobile robot system are proposed and evaluated. The robot will be able to remind disabled persons to take medications, it will serve pre-prepared food and drinks, will turn on/off electronic devices, will alert when his/her health is getting worse and will connect to his physician, relatives or with the emergency services. © 2015, IFFCA (Internaitional Fedreation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： User interfaces Beverages Collision avoidance Cost effectiveness Disabled persons Emergency services Firmware Internet Mobile robots Websites Cost effective Electronic device Mobile robot systems pid algorithm Precise movements Software implement User friendly Web user interface

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Development of empirical model and controller for negative pressure wound therapy system

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020年第1期34卷 45-56页

作者： Jimry, Henry Gandhi, A. Sanjeevi Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Coimbatore 641114 Tamil Nadu India Karpagam Coll Engn Coimbatore 641032 Tamil Nadu India

Negative pressure wound therapy process usually helps to heal the diabetic open wound much better by applying smooth vacuum process. This therapy gives the positive effects based on the stimulation of formation of granulation tissue, blood flow, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, accelerated secondary wound closure and removal of bacteria from the wound. Generally maintaining the negative pressure in the system is a challenging task which desires the patient to feel more relaxed during the period of healing. In this work attaining and authenticating of a mathematical model of a negative pressure wound therapy system is presented. The established model is based on the vacuum system along with the pump and other elements. The objective of the model is to perform with the design and analysis of a proportional integral derivative control algorithm. It has been validated that this algorithm, is suitable in controlling the vacuum pressure in the chamber, which is based on the simulation on MATLAB Simulink.

关键词： NPWT system vacuum pressure system modelling pid algorithm MATLAB Simulink

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pid Controllers with a Constant Speed Actuator: Implementation Versions and Self-Tuning of Pulse Duration

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THERMAL ENGINEERING 2021年第5期68卷 400-409页

作者： Kuzishchin, V. F. Drobilko, V. S. Sterlin, A. Ya Natl Res Univ Moscow Power Engn Inst Moscow 111250 Russia Zhukovsky Cent Aerohydrodynam Inst Zhukovskii 140180 Moscow Oblast Russia

The article considers three implementation versions of controllers operating with constant speed actuators that are used in automation systems of a technological process: with a relay-pulse control unit (RPCU) with a lagging feedback and topping differentiator (a real differentiating element, RD), with calculating the output according to a pid algorithm and using the actuator model for its implementation, and with calculating the control output speed and using a pulse-width modulator. Formulas for calculating the parameters of the RPCU and RD primary components from the condition of approaching the equivalent pid algorithm are given. The system version with a pid controller with the actuator control proceeding from its model is considered in two options: with individual integrators for the controller's integral component and the actuator model, and with a common integrator for the controller's integral component and the actuator model. In the latter option, the signal from the actuator model is subtracted from the controller's integral component, due to which the possibility of the integrator's output to reach the integral component's limit values is ruled out. The versions are compared by analyzing the automatic control system performance in the pulsed actuator's operation mode based on simulation for the superheated steam temperature control section of a steam boiler equipped with a surface steam desuperheater. The analysis was carried out taking into account both the usual dynamic accuracy indicators and the number of actuators switched into operation during the transient. It is shown that the advantage of the version with the pid algorithm and common integrator for the integral component and the actuator model is that there is no need in this case to calculate the controlled variable second derivative;in addition, this version is free from the problem connected with accumulation of the difference between the signals from the actuator and its model. This version

关键词： automatic controller pid algorithm actuator constant speed pulse duration control object relay element pulse-width modulator

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Research on the application of digital power supply based on domestic FPGA

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2023年第3期7卷 399-409页

作者： Xiao Li Chao Han Feng Li Long University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Courtyard ANo.19 Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Purpose The digital controller for the accelerator magnet power supply typically employs a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)as the signal processing chip for executing digital processing of closed-loop ***,FPGA chips are predominantly utilized in Intel or Xilinx *** address the“key areas and stranglehold”issue pertaining to FPGA chips in accelerator power supply,we have devised a digital power supply prototype using a domestic FPGA chip and validated its feasibility in the upgrade project’s magnet power supply digital transformation plan for the Beijing Electron Positron Collider(BEPCII).Method A domestic FPGA chip from the Seal5000 SA5Z-30-D1 series by Xi’an ZhiDuoJing Microelectronics *** as the core component for the design of a digital corrector magnet power supply to replace the existing analog controlled corrector power supply at *** power supply’s digital control of the closed loop is achieved through the use of a hardware description language,and the digital controller hardware is constructed based on the original power supply power *** and conclusions After conducting experiments and tests on the power supply prototype,we have successfully met the current operational requirements of the BEPCII corrector power supply,thus confirming the feasibility of utilizing domestic FPGA for digital application on accelerator power supply.

关键词： Domestic FPGA Power supply digital controller of accelerator pid algorithm PWM

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Route Identification and Direction Control of Smart Car Based on CMOS Image Sensor

Route Identification and Direction Control of Smart Car Base...

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International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control and Management

作者： Wang Xiuquan Shen Xiaoliu Chang Xiaoming Chai Ying North China Elect Power Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Taiyuan Univ Technol Coll Comp & Software Shanxi 030024 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769532905

This paper is designed for the 2nd Freescale Cup National Undergraduate Smart Car Competition. With MC9S12DG128 single chip and smart car model supplied by the committee, a CMOS image sensor is applied to detect the black track on white raceway, which extends the detection range and is helpful to predict the forward path. In this paper, ten-line pixels in an image are analyzed to locate the black track, and the PD algorithm based on pid is employed to control the direction and angle of the steering gear respectively. By repeated testing, the smart car can run stably on the given raceway at a high speed

关键词： route identification direction control smart car MC9S12DG128 single chip image sensor pid algorithm

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A multi group STC system

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2003年第3期49卷 571-580页

作者： Kovacevic, BD ATI Technol Inc DTV Grp Toronto ON Canada

In this paper, an integrated MPEG2 System Time Clock (STC) unit able to recover and track time base of up to four MPEG2 transport streams is presented. Described architecture allows generation of time base for multi context MPEG video/audio decoder system. The proposed circuit and its software algorithm of a digital control system for 27 MHz clock recovery is shown to have a good performance, low silicon cost, and low computational complexity.

关键词： digital system time counter numeric control oscillator MPEG2 clock recovery pid algorithm

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