Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPS) operate for a long time and face continuous and incremental changes to follow up varying requirements. Interdisciplinary engineering of CPPS is often subject to delay and cost ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728143958
Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPS) operate for a long time and face continuous and incremental changes to follow up varying requirements. Interdisciplinary engineering of CPPS is often subject to delay and cost overrun;and quality control may even fail due to the lack of efficient information exchange between multiple involved actors. We propose to integrate a formal requirement specification approach, namely Generalized Test Tables including tool support, into industrial workflows and present the approach through extended notations of Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), namely BPMN++*, with the tool-coupling aspect. The suggested tooling enables automation engineers to follow the defined workflow systematically and communicate easier through the formally represented change requirement. The approach is demonstrated by two typical use cases of changing a CPPS' control software and showing the result by means of an extended BPMN++ model exemplarily.
In this paper, we deal with a simple embedded electronic system for an industrial pneumatic–hydraulic system, based on a low-cost programmable logic controller (plc) and industrial electronic parts with 24 V logic. T...
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In this paper, we deal with a simple embedded electronic system for an industrial pneumatic–hydraulic system, based on a low-cost programmable logic controller (plc) and industrial electronic parts with 24 V logic. The developed system is a hydraulic pulse system and generates a series of high-pressure hydraulic pulses with up to a max. 200 bar output pressure level and with up to a max. 2 Hz output hydraulic pulses frequency. In this paper we are describing requirements, the concept of the embedded control system in a diagram, security features and its industrial network connectivity (CAN bus, MODBUS). In description of the software solution we describe the implementation of the program threads approach in this low-cost plc. The plc programming with threads generate two layers of services—physical and application layer, and as a result, the threads create the main control state machine. In conclusion, we describe the calibration method of the system and the calibration curves. For further study we offer readers the full programming code written in sequential function charts to be used as plc language. The cost of the described industrial networked control system with industry standard optoelectronic insulated interfaces and certified industrial safety relay does not exceed €1000 Euros.
In this paper, we propose a new method to teach automation in the training of industry 4.0. This method uses an interactive approach to help students rapidly familiarize with plc programming. Computers are transformed...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728127415
In this paper, we propose a new method to teach automation in the training of industry 4.0. This method uses an interactive approach to help students rapidly familiarize with plc programming. Computers are transformed into plc training kits using Factory I/O - a 3D factory simulator and CodeSys - a development system. A series of training activities have been organized to encourage life-long learning among the students. Besides, a survey has been conducted with 20 students in first-year master Energy at Energy Master, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France. The results indicate that students are satisfied with this approach.
In machine and plant automation model-driven programming of Programmable Logic Controller (plc) software is becoming an alternative to the state-of-the-art programming. As part of the related work the authors first pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467317146
In machine and plant automation model-driven programming of Programmable Logic Controller (plc) software is becoming an alternative to the state-of-the-art programming. As part of the related work the authors first present the results of a previously finished project on model-driven approaches for Multi Agent System (MAS) plc programming, in particular using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). A tool supported procedure model was developed that assists automation engineers implementing MAS in order to enhance reliability of the plants as well as reusability of implemented modules. Subsequently, related work on the evaluation of plc programming approaches is discussed and the qualitative evaluation study for our newly developed procedure model is presented. In the last section, we present the study results and discuss our findings and their meaning for future developments and experiments.
Serial radio modems are long-standing but usable technology and they are still widely used in data communication in many applications. Slow transmission speed, point-to- point connections and signal attenuation are th...
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Serial radio modems are long-standing but usable technology and they are still widely used in data communication in many applications. Slow transmission speed, point-to- point connections and signal attenuation are the negative aspects of serial modems. Old and new radio modem models are still compatible with each other because they have not changed greatly over the years. Radio modems can transfer many transmission protocols therefore user can select the most suitable protocol for the application. The goal of this thesis was to improve the usage of serial radio modems in communication between plcs. Data transfer speed generally cannot be increased thus only necessary data should be transferred through radio modems. The protocol that was used in this thesis was Modbus RTU which is supported by numerous process control devices. Radio network enables reading and writing data to remote automation systems using Modbus RTU. Every device in the network has to be polled individually and round times of large networks can increase to tens of seconds. The basic idea in improving the com- munication rate is that every station in the network was read sequentially but stations can jump the queue if needed. This thesis studied how different data should be divided in the communication. It is not necessary to use cyclical data transfer method for all the data and therefore some data could only be transferred when needed. Performance of the communication system was tested using existing remote monitoring system. The new communication system is sim- ilar to existing one therefore performance of the new implementation can be verified. The performance of both systems were measured and results have been presented in the last chapter.
In machine and plant automation model-driven programming of Programmable Logic Controller (plc) software is becoming an alternative to the state-of-the-art programming. As part of the related work the authors first pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467317139
In machine and plant automation model-driven programming of Programmable Logic Controller (plc) software is becoming an alternative to the state-of-the-art programming. As part of the related work the authors first present the results of a previously finished project on model-driven approaches for Multi Agent System (MAS) plc programming, in particular using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). A tool supported procedure model was developed that assists automation engineers implementing MAS in order to enhance reliability of the plants as well as reusability of implemented modules. Subsequently, related work on the evaluation of plc programming approaches is discussed and the qualitative evaluation study for our newly developed procedure model is presented. In the last section, we present the study results and discuss our findings and their meaning for future developments and experiments.
Industrial automation plants are controlled essentially by plc-based control systems. plcs are today mostly programmed in the languages of the IEC 61131-3 standard which are not ready to meet the new challenges of wid...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457704345
Industrial automation plants are controlled essentially by plc-based control systems. plcs are today mostly programmed in the languages of the IEC 61131-3 standard which are not ready to meet the new challenges of widely distributed automation systems. Currently, different solutions are under development from industry and research: an extension of IEC 61131-3 which includes object oriented programming;the adoption of the new standard IEC 61499 which makes the software execution event-based instead of scan-cycle based as in IEC 61131-3 standard. In this paper it is shown how object oriented programming implicitly makes event-based the plc software behavior. Moreover, it is shown how supervisory control can help in designing correct software in this context.
The paper presents an original idea of the selective control program execution that allows significant response time reduction. The exhaustive analysis of the plc program performance is given. An analytic approach exp...
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The paper presents an original idea of the selective control program execution that allows significant response time reduction. The exhaustive analysis of the plc program performance is given. An analytic approach explains the idea of the selective control program evaluation and gives the requirements for its feasibility. There is presented a systematic and formal method of program analysis based on a data flow graph approach. The method generates acyclic graph from the control program that is subject of optimization, variable allocation and instruction generation. The graph approach allows determining variables dependencies and task partitioning required by selective program execution. The method utilize the hardware supported variable changes detection. It is transparent for system operation and enables evaluation of blocks that require update.
The use of Petri nets (PNs) to create control systems has many advantages, because of their formalism, graphical presentation and the possibility of parallel processes control. One of the few fuzzy PNs that was used d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509018666
The use of Petri nets (PNs) to create control systems has many advantages, because of their formalism, graphical presentation and the possibility of parallel processes control. One of the few fuzzy PNs that was used directly in the control system is the fuzzy interpreted Petri net (FIPN). However, there is a long way from a control algorithm in the form of FIPN to its practical implementation. The paper proposes a method of partially automatic program code generation using Structured Text (ST) supported by the IEC 61131-3 from graphical form of FIPN. To carry out the research FIPN Simulator (called the FIPN-SML) was used. This computer tool allows modeling of the graphic form of FIPN and automatic creating plc program.
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