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The contribution of resource interdependence to IT program performance: A social interdependence perspective

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2011年第3期29卷 313-324页

作者： Parolia, Neeraj Jiang, James J. Klein, Gary Sheu, Tsong Shin Towson Univ EBusiness & Technol Management Dept Towson MD 21252 USA Australian Natl Univ ANU Coll Business & Econ Res Sch Business Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Univ Colorado Coll Business & Adm Colorado Springs CO 80933 USA Nan Kai Inst Technol Dept Ind Engn & Management Tsao Tun 542 Nan Tou County Taiwan

Combinations of multiple, related projects into interdependent programs are becoming common in the field of information technology. However, little work exists to study the impact of interdependence in the program environment to achieve collective success. Social interdependence theory provides a structure to examine whether collaborative efforts promote behaviors that result in higher levels of success. Using resource interdependence as an indicator of collaboration, a model of promotive behaviors is developed using the lens of social interdependence. Expectations are that resource interdependence conditions will promote more mutual support, effort, and communication. In turn, these behaviors will lead to an improvement in the business objectives and operational efficiency of the organization. A survey of program and project managers in information system vendors located in India support the model. The results provide support for the argument that programs are effective organization structures that capitalize on interdependencies and that the social interdependence theory provides a consistent model to explain the benefits of resource interdependence. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. and IPMA. All rights reserved.

关键词： program management Operational effectiveness Business objectives Resource interdependence Promotive interaction program performance

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Finding a suitable system scale to optimize program performance on software DSM systems

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CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2006年第3期9卷 223-236页

作者： Zhuang, Yi-Chang Chang, Jyh-Biau Liang, Ng-Yeu Shieh, Ce-Kuen Yang, Laurence Tianruo St Francis Xavier Univ Dept Comp Sci Antigonish NS B2G 2W5 Canada Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan 70101 Taiwan Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung Taiwan

Recently, software distributed shared memory systems have successfully provided an easy user interface to parallel user applications on distributed systems. In order to prompt program performance, most of DSM systems usually were greedy to utilize all of available processors in a computer network to execute user programs. However, using more processors to execute programs cannot necessarily guarantee to obtain better program performance. The overhead of paralleling programs is increased by the addition in the number of processors used for program execution. If the performance gain from program parallel cannot compensate for the overhead, increasing the number of execution processors will result in performance degradation and resource waste. In this paper, we proposed a mechanism to dynamically find a suitable system scale to optimize performance for DSM applications according to run-time information. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can precisely predict the processor number that will result in the best performance and then effectively optimize the performance of the test applications by adapting system scale according to the predicted result.

关键词： distributed shared memory system scale program performance performance prediction

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Examining Individual Characteristics and program performance to Understand Two-Year Recidivism Rates Among Drug Court Participants: Comparing Graduates and Terminators

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018年第13期62卷 4196-4220页

作者： Shannon, Lisa M. Jones, Afton Jackson Newell, Jennifer Payne, Connie Morehead State Univ 318 Rader Hall Morehead KY 40351 USA Kentucky Adm Off Courts Frankfort KY USA

Drug courts strive to break the cycle of substance use and crime by providing community-based treatment and rehabilitation. The purpose of the present study was to (a) identify significantly different factors between program participants (i.e., graduates/terminators) that may affect recidivism and (b) examine these significant individual and program performance factors associated with two-year recidivism. Secondary data were examined for a stratified random sample of drug court participants (N = 534). Examining any two-year post-program recidivism (defined as an arrest, conviction, or incarceration), over one third (37.6%) of graduates and almost all program terminators (95.3%) had two-year post-program recidivism (p < .001). For the overall sample, age, outpatient treatment, marital status, number of times treated for a psychiatric problem in a hospital, substance use (i.e., past-30-day cocaine use and intravenous opiate use), number of positive drug tests, and receiving any sanction/therapeutic response were associated with two-year post-program recidivism. Further analyses suggested age and outpatient treatment were particularly important for program graduates. Findings provide information for early targeting of resources to drug court participants most at risk of poorer post-program outcomes by identifying factors known at program entry and indicators during program participation.

关键词： drug court individual characteristics program performance recidivism drug court outcomes rehabilitation

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Evaluation of program performance and expenditures in a report of performance measures (RPM) via a case study of two Florida county tuberculosis programs

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EVALUATION AND program PLANNING 2010年第4期33卷 373-378页

作者： Phillips, V. L. Teweldemedhin, B. Ahmedov, S. Cobb, J. McNabb, S. J. N. Emory Univ Dept Hlth Policy & Management Rollins Sch Publ Hlth Atlanta GA 30322 USA Westat Corp Rockville MD USA Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv Bur TB & Refugee Hlth Tallahassee FL 32399 USA Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat Serv Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat Atlanta GA USA

Health Department (HD) managers at both state and local levels are in desperate need of tools to assist in monitoring and evaluating programs. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and utility of linking program performance scores and expenditures into a Report of performance Measures (RPM). We analyzed secondary data on performance indicators, selected by HD staff, and expenditures, related to six surveillance activities, from two, similar, high-incidence, tuberculosis (TB) programs in Florida from 2002 to 2003. We compared the findings between the county HDs as an illustration of basic cost-effectiveness benchmarking, based on the cost-effectiveness grid. Data included here provide examples of: (1) two instances in which one county was operating relatively inefficiently compared to the other;(2) two instances in which performance and expenditures were similar for the counties;and (3) two instances in which one county spent more for higher performance scores than the other. These data illustrate how the RPM can be used to facilitate benchmarking, a basic evaluation tool. They also demonstrate ways to identify potential operational inefficiencies in a single time period and ultimately over time. It is thus likely to be a feasible and useful management tool. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： program performance Benchmarking Cost-effectiveness Evaluation Management tools

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A Framework for Evaluating Technology Readiness, System Quality, and program performance of US DoD Acquisitions

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SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2011年第4期14卷 410-426页

作者： Azizian, Nazanin Mazzuchi, Thomas Sarkani, Shahram Rico, David F. George Washington Univ Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn Washington DC 20052 USA

Although U. S. weapon systems are among the best in the world, defense acquisition programs have a historical track record for being vulnerable to enormous risks in the form of cost overruns, schedule delays, and poor technical performance. Based on assessments of selected defense acquisition programs, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) concluded that premature selection and use of insufficiently mature technologies is a driving cause of these risks. By means of policies, initiatives, and best practices, the U. S. Department of Defense (DoD) is mandating the use of Technology Readiness Assessments (TRAs) throughout the acquisition lifecycle in an effort to curtail these risks. However, the extent to which defense acquisition programs adhere to assessing technology maturity through the TRA process and the degree of relationship to quality of U. S. military systems and performance of programs is debatable. To address this shortcoming, a framework was developed to measure the extent of correlation between TRA and key enabling engineering activities, system quality, and program performance. The framework was developed in conjunction with Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) from the DoD, the Intelligence Community (IC), and the Institute of Defense Analysis (IDA) and empirically examined using a sample of 223 engineers, program managers, and executives from various U. S. DoD acquisition programs. The results suggest that, although conducting a formal TRA is not a significant predictor of system quality or program performance, there are engineering activities called for in a TRA that have strongly correlation to these factors. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 410-426, 2011

关键词： technology readiness technology maturity system quality program performance defense acquisition DoD

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Examining decentralization and managerial decision making for child immunization program performance in India

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SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE 2023年 317卷 115457页

作者： Feldhaus, Isabelle Chatterjee, Susmita Clarke-Deelder, Emma Brenzel, Logan Resch, Stephen Bossert, Thomas J. Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Global Hlth & Populat Boston MA 02115 USA George Inst Global Hlth New Delhi India Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst Allschil Switzerland Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn Seattle WA USA Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Ctr Hlth Decis Sci Boston MA USA

Despite widespread adoption of decentralization reforms, the impact of decentralization on health system attributes, such as access to health services, responsiveness to population health needs, and effectiveness in affecting health outcomes, remains unclear. This study examines how decision space, institutional capacities, and accountability mechanisms of the Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) in India relate to measurable performance of the immunization *** on decision space and its related dimensions of institutional capacity and accountability were collected by conducting structured interviews with managers based in 24 districts, 61 blocks, and 279 subcenters. Two measures by which to assess performance were selected: (1) proportion reduction in the DTP3 coverage gap (i.e., effectiveness), and (2) total IMI doses delivered per incremental USD spent on program implementation (i.e., efficiency). Descriptive statistics on decision space, institutional capacity, and accountability for IMI managers were generated. Structural equation models (SEM) were specified to detect any potential associations between decision space dimensions and performance measures. The majority of districts and blocks indicated low levels of decision space. Institutional capacity and accountability were similar across areas. Increases in decision space were associated with less progress towards closing the immunization coverage gap in the IMI context. Initiatives to support health workers and managers based on their specific contextual challenges could further improve outcomes of the *** to previous studies, results revealed strong associations between each of the three decentralization dimensions. Health systems should consider the impact that management structures have on the efficiency and effectiveness of health services delivery. Future research could provide greater evidence for directionality of direct and indirect effects, interaction effects, and/or mediators

关键词： Decentralization Decision space Immunization Health services delivery program performance Structural equation modeling Factor analysis India

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Monitoring Biofortification program performance and Potential for Impact: Indicators, Methods, and Learnings from the Commercialization of Biofortified Crops program in Six Countries across Africa and Asia

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CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION 2024年第12期8卷 104498-104498页

作者： Friesen, Valerie M. Mudyahoto, Bho Nyangaresi, Annette M. Gorla, Ishank Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N. Global Alliance Improved Nutr London England Int Food Policy Res Inst HarvestPlus Kampala Uganda Global Alliance Improved Nutr Nairobi Kenya Global Alliance Improved Nutr New Delhi India Global Alliance Improved Nutr Washington DC USA

Background: Biofortification of staple crops is a food-based strategy to reduce the high global burden of micronutrient deficiencies. Monitoring program performance is essential to ensure biofortification programs have high potential for impact;however, few indicators and methods for doing so are publicly available. Objective: We documented the set of standardized indicators and methods used to monitor the Commercialization of Biofortified Crops (CBC) program and reviewed their strengths and limitations. Methods: Following the CBC program impact pathway, we identified and defined a set of indicators and corresponding methods. Country- level implementation teams contextualized and operationalized them to monitor 9 country-crop programs (i.e., high iron beans in Kenya and Tanzania, iron pearl millet in India, vitamin A maize in Nigeria and Tanzania, vitamin A cassava in Nigeria, zinc wheat in Pakistan and India, and zinc rice in Bangladesh) from 2020 to 2022. Results: Twenty indicators were defined across domains of seed supply, production, availability, awareness, capacity development, advocacy, and consumption of biofortified foods. Data collection methods included external and internal document review, farmer household surveys, rapid market assessments, and modeling. The strengths of these methods were that they were rapid to conduct, low cost, and simple to use. For some methods, the limitations were the potentially reduced accuracy of some results due to the use of external data sources or secondary data inputs and unavailability of data. Conclusions: The indicators and methods used in the CBC program are practical and cost effective for monitoring the implementation of biofortification programs because they generate the range of information necessary to understand how effectively a program is delivered and bolster plausibility arguments for attributing observed impacts to program activities. Further testing is needed to confirm their generalizability when applie

关键词： bioforti monitoring program performance indicators Kenya Tanzania Nigeria Pakistan India Bangladesh

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Adaptive program Verify Scheme for Improving NAND Flash Memory performance and Lifespan

Adaptive Program Verify Scheme for Improving NAND Flash Memo...

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IEEE Asian Solid State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)

作者： Park, Sang In Shin, Dongkun Han, Eui Gyu Sungkyunkwan Univ SSIT Samsung Elect Semicond Div Hwasung South Korea Sungkyunkwan Univ Dept Comp Engn Suwon South Korea Samsung Elect Semicond Div Hwasung South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781467327718

Since NAND flash memory program/erase (PE) cycling gradually degrades the reliability of memory cells, the redundancy of error-correction code (ECC) is determined so as to sufficiently ensure the PE cycling endurance at the end of memory lifetime. Therefore, ECC redundancy is under-utilized when PE cycling number is relatively small at the early lifetime. Considering the variations on program speed and error rate depending on the program step pulse voltage (Delta V-pp) in the incremental step pulse programming (ISPP), an adaptive Delta V-pp scheme was proposed in order to improve program performance by exploiting the under-utilized ECC. However, the adaptive Delta V-pp scheme missed the problem of increased voltage stress on memory cells at a large Delta V-pp. The voltage stress will shorten the lifespan of flash memory devices. This paper proposes an adaptive V-verify scheme, which trades the under-utilized ECC for improving program performance at the early lifetime of flash memory without decreasing the memory lifetime. The experiments with real NAND flash chips demonstrate up to 21% of program time improvement and 10% of lifetime improvement over the fixed Vverify scheme.

关键词： flash memories Life span immunocytes Error correction codes program performance Elliptic curve cryptography EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTERS VOLTAGE STRESS self-adapting program Scheme Error analysis Polyethylenes

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Implementation of a Systematic Accountability Framework in 2014 to Improve the performance of the Nigerian Polio program

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JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016年第SUPPL_3期213卷 S96-S100页

作者： Tegegne, Sisay G. MKanda, Pascal Yehualashet, Yared G. Erbeto, Tesfaye B. Touray, Kebba Nsubuga, Peter Banda, Richard Vaz, Rui G. WHO Country Representat Off Abuja Nigeria WHO Reg Off Afr Brazzaville Rep Congo Global Publ Hlth Solut Atlanta GA USA

Background. An accountability framework is a central feature of managing human and financial resources. One of its primary goals is to improve program performance through close monitoring of selected priority activities. The principal objective of this study was to determine the contribution of a systematic accountability framework to improving the performance of the World Health Organization (WHO)-Nigeria polio program staff, as well as the program itself. *** integral The effect of implementation of the accountability framework was evaluated using data on administrative actions and select process indicators associated with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, routine immunization, and polio supplemental immunization activities. Data were collected in 2014 during supportive supervision, using Magpi software (a company that provides service to collect data using mobile phones). A total of 2500 staff were studied. *** integral Data on administrative actions and process indicators from quarters 2-4 in 2014 were compared. With respect to administrative actions, 1631 personnel (74%) received positive feedback (written or verbal commendation) in quarter 4 through the accountability framework, compared with 1569 (73%) and 1152 (61%) during quarters 3 and 2, respectively. These findings accorded with data on process indicators associated with AFP surveillance and routine immunization, showing statistically significant improvements in staff performance at the end of quarter 4, compared with other quarters. *** integral Improvements in staff performance and process indicators were observed for the WHO-Nigeria polio program after implementation of a systematic accountability framework.

关键词： accountability framework selected deliverables administrative actions staff performance program performance

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Adaptive program verify scheme for improving NAND flash memory performance and lifespan

Adaptive program verify scheme for improving NAND flash memo...

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IEEE Asian Conference on Solid-State Circuits (ASSCC)

作者： Sang In Park Dongkun Shin Eui Gyu Han Semiconductor Division Samsung Electronics Hwasung South Korea SSIT Sungkyunkwan University South Korea Department of Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781467327701

Since NAND Hash memory program/erase (PE) cycling gradually degrades the reliability of memory cells, the redundancy of error-correction code (ECC) is determined so as to sufficiently ensure the PE cycling endurance at the end of memory lifetime. Therefore, ECC redundancy is under-utilized when PE cycling number is relatively small at the early lifetime. Considering the variations on program speed and error rate depending on the program step pulse voltage (ΔV pp ) in the incremental step pulse programming (ISPP), an adaptive ΔV pp scheme was proposed in order to improve program performance by exploiting the under-utilized ECC. However, the adaptive ΔV pp scheme missed the problem of increased voltage stress on memory cells at a large ΔV pp . The voltage stress will shorten the lifespan of Hash memory devices. This paper proposes an adaptive V verify scheme, which trades the under-utilized ECC for improving program performance at the early lifetime of Hash memory without decreasing the memory lifetime. The experiments with real NAND Hash chips demonstrate up to 21% of program time improvement and 10% of lifetime improvement over the fixed V verify scheme.

关键词： memory without decreasing flash memories Life span Scheme Error correction codes immunocytes Memory program performance Elliptic curve cryptography EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTERS self-adapting program VOLTAGE STRESS Polyethylenes

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