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APPLICATION-DEPENDENT DYNAMIC MONITORING OF DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL SYSTEMS

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 1993年第7期4卷 762-778页

作者： OGLE, DM SCHWAN, K SNODGRASS, R IBM CORP DEPT EXPTL SYST RES TRIANGLE PK NC 27709 USA OHIO STATE UNIV DEPT COMP & INFORMAT SCI COLUMBUS OH 43210 USA UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL NC 27514 USA GEORGIA INST TECHNOL COLL COMP ATLANTA GA 30332 USA UNIV ARIZONA DEPT COMP SCI TUCSON AZ 85721 USA

Achieving high performance for parallel or distributed programs often requires substantial amounts of information about the programs themselves, about the systems on which they are executing, and about specific program runs. The monitoring system presented in this paper collects, analyzes, and makes application-dependent monitoring information available to the programmer and to the executing program. The system may be used for off-line program analysis, for on-line debugging, and for making on-line, dynamic changes to parallel or distributed programs to enhance their performance. We employ a high-level, uniform data model for the representation of program information and monitoring data. We show how this model may be used for the specification of program views and attributes for monitoring, and we demonstrate how such specifications can be translated into efficient, program-specific monitoring code that uses alternative mechanisms for the distributed analysis and collection to be performed for the specified views. The model's utility has been demonstrated on a wide variety of parallel machines, including several kinds of multiprocessors and a local area network.

关键词： APPLICATION-DEPENDENT MONITORING DISTRIBUTED programS DYNAMIC MONITORING PARALLEL programS program ADAPTATION program CONFIGURATION program MONITORING program performance

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performance AND RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS USING DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPHS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1987年第10期13卷 1105-1114页

作者： SAHNER, RA TRIVEDI, KS DUKE UNIV DEPT COMP SCIDURHAMNC 27706

A graph-based modeling technique, which uses directed acyclic graphs, has been developed for stochastic analysis of systems containing concurrency. These graphs represent event-precedence networks in which activities may occur serially, probabilistically, or concurrently. For a set of activities to occur concurrently, the condition for the set of activities to complete is that a specified number of them must complete. The cumulative distribution function associated with an activity is assumed to have exponential polynomial form. Further generality is gained by allowing these distributions to have a mass at the origin and/or at infinity. The distribution function for the time taken to finish the entire graph is computed symbolically in the time parameter "t." The technique permits 2 or more graphs to be combined hierarchically. Applications of the technique to the evaluation of concurrent program execution time and to the reliability analysis of fault-tolerant systems are reported.

关键词： Reliability Availability Directed Acyclic Graphs Fault Tolerance Markov Models performance Evaluation program performance

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Perceptions of the performance of state coastal zone management programs in the United States

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COASTAL MANAGEMENT 1996年第2期24卷 141-163页

作者： Knecht, RW CicinSain, B Fisk, GW [a] Center for the Study of Marine Policy Graduate College of Marine Studies University of Delaware Newark Delaware USA

Evaluative data on the performance of state coastal zone management (CZM) programs in the United States typically have not been available, though the U.S. coastal management program is more than 20 years old. This article reports the results of a mail survey on perceptions of the performance of CZM programs by three samples of coastal interests: coastal program managers (N = 23), coastal interest groups (N = 200), and knowledgeable academics (N = 36). Perceptions of performance were solicited on four major coastal management issues: protection of coastal resources, management of coastal development, improved public access, and reduction of losses due to coastal hazards. While all three samples perceived the importance of various coastal issues in the same way, there were considerable differences among the three samples on their perceptions of program performance. In addition, there does not seem to be any significant relationship between program structure and perceived program performance. In general, coastal user groups and coastal academics believed that state CZM programs were performing ''well.''

关键词： coastal management program evaluation program performance public perception survey

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RESOURCE MONITORS - A DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR OPERATING-SYSTEMS

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1984年第8期14卷 791-806页

作者： PASHTAN, A UNGER, EA KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI DEPT COMP SCIMANHATTANKS 66502

AbstractResource manager objects are the operating system entities that manage computer system resources. In this paper we extend Hoare\'s and Brinch Hansen\'s monitor concept, and introduce aresource monitorlanguage construct that represents a resource manager object. Resource monitors provide requesting processes with implicit synchronization, and do not require separate processes to perform the resource access operations. The resource monitor construct is compared to current language constructs used to structure operating system software. For this purpose we use an evaluation methodology that combines software complexity measurements with program performance measurements. The evaluation itself is carried out in a Concurrent Pascal‐like programming environment. The current language constructs have a software complexity that is larger by 37 to 219 per cent over the resource monitor\'s complexity. The run‐time synchronization overhead of programs that use current language constructs is 1.43 to 2.75 times higher than the overhead of programs that use a resource moni

关键词： Operating system Resource manager object Synchronization Monitor Software complexity program performance

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Strengthening monitoring systems and inter-departmental convergence to drive program improvements

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BMC Proceedings 2012年第5期6卷 1-2页

作者： George Philip Ashok K Singh Madhuri Narayanan Ragini Pasricha IntraHealth International Delhi India

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Using Contract Consolidation to Improve performance: Effects of Service Delivery Scale on Nonprofit Provider Efficiency in the Combined Federal Campaign Introduction

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PUBLIC performance & MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2020年第5期43卷 1209-1235页

作者： Vance-McMullen, Danielle Univ Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

When nonprofit organizations deliver services on behalf of the government, the government agency has the opportunity to select the optimal number of providers to maximize performance. Should more providers deliver services across smaller areas to increase local tailoring or should contracts be consolidated so fewer providers deliver services across larger areas to take advantage of economies of scale? This paper examines a series of contract consolidations aimed at improving the performance and reducing the costs of the Combined Federal Campaign (CFC), the Office of Personnel Management's workplace giving program for federal employees, which is administered by contracts with nonprofit intermediaries. Using a difference-in-differences analysis based on waves of contract consolidations over time, I find that larger service areas typically had lower giving and costs on a per employee basis. The consolidation process itself tended to decrease average giving further but had no additional effect on costs. Combined, these effects yield no change in costs per dollar raised for larger or consolidated service areas;the benefits of contract consolidation were more modest than CFC administrators had hoped.

关键词： contracting efficiency intersectoral administration nonprofit organizations program performance

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Data envelopment analysis to evaluate the efficiency of tobacco treatment programs in the NCI Moonshot Cancer Center Cessation Initiative

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IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第1期4卷 1-13页

作者： Pluta, Kathryn Hohl, Sarah D. D'Angelo, Heather Ostroff, Jamie S. Shelley, Donna Asvat, Yasmin Chen, Li-Shiun Cummings, K. Michael Dahl, Neely Day, Andrew T. Fleisher, Linda Goldstein, Adam O. Hayes, Rashelle Hitsman, Brian Buckles, Deborah Hudson King, Andrea C. Lam, Cho Y. Lenhoff, Katie Levinson, Arnold H. Minion, Mara Presant, Cary Prochaska, Judith J. Shoenbill, Kimberly Simmons, Vani Taylor, Kathryn Tindle, Hilary Tong, Elisa White, Justin S. Wiseman, Kara P. Warren, Graham W. Baker, Timothy B. Rolland, Betsy Fiore, Michael C. Salloum, Ramzi G. Univ Florida Dept Hlth Outcomes & Biomed Informat Coll Med 2004 Mowry Rd Gainesville FL 32610 USA Univ Wisconsin Carbone Canc Ctr 600 Highland Ave Madison WI 53705 USA Univ Wisconsin Sch Med & Publ Hlth 750 Highland Ave Madison WI 53705 USA NCI 9609 Med Ctr Dr Rockville MD 20850 USA Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr 1275 York Ave New York NY 10065 USA NYU Sch Global Publ Hlth 708 Broadway New York NY 10003 USA Rush Univ Med Ctr 1725 W Harrison StSuite 1010 Chicago IL 60612 USA Rush Canc Ctr 1725 W Harrison StSuite 1010 Chicago IL 60612 USA Washington Univ Siteman Canc Ctr 4921 Parkview Pl St Louis MO 63110 USA Med Univ South Carolina 171 Ashley Ave Charleston SC 29425 USA Univ Virginia Lineberger Canc Ctr Ctr Comprehens Canc 1240 Lee St Charlottesville VA USA Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas TX 75390 USA Fox Chase Canc Ctr 333 Cottman Ave Philadelphia PA 19111 USA Univ N Carolina Lineberger Canc Ctr 450 West Dr Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ Dept Psychiat 501 N 2Nd StSuite 400B Richmond VA 23219 USA Northwestern Univ Feinberg Sch Med 420 E Super St Chicago IL 60611 USA Northwestern Univ Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr 420 E Super St Chicago IL 60611 USA Indiana Univ Simon Comprehens Canc Ctr 535 Barnhill Dr Indianapolis IN USA Univ Chicago Med Comprehens Canc Ctr 5758 S Maryland Dr Chicago IL 60637 USA Univ Utah Huntsman Canc Inst 1950 Circle Hope Dr Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Dartmouth Hitchcock Norris Cotton Canc Ctr One Med Ctr Dr Lebanon NH 03756 USA Univ Colorado Comprehens Canc Ctr 1665 North Aurora Court200480045 Aurora CO USA City Hope Comprehens Canc Ctr 1500 E Duarte Rd Duarte CA 91010 USA Beckman Res Inst 1500 E Duarte Rd Duarte CA 91010 USA Stanford Univ Stanford Canc Inst 265 Campus DrSte G2103 Stanford CA 94305 USA H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst 3011 Holly Dr Tampa FL 33612 USA Georgetown Univ Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr 3800 Reservoir Rd NW Washington D

Background The Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) is a National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Moonshot program that supports NCI-designated cancer centers developing tobacco treatment programs for oncology patients who smoke. C3I-funded centers implement evidence-based programs that offer various smoking cessation treatment components (e.g., counseling, Quitline referrals, access to medications). While evaluation of implementation outcomes in C3I is guided by evaluation of reach and effectiveness (via RE-AIM), little is known about technical efficiency-i.e., how inputs (e.g., program costs, staff time) influence implementation outcomes (e.g., reach, effectiveness). This study demonstrates the application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) as an implementation science tool to evaluate technical efficiency of C3I programs and advance prioritization of implementation resources. Methods DEA is a linear programming technique widely used in economics and engineering for assessing relative performance of production units. Using data from 16 C3I-funded centers reported in 2020, we applied input-oriented DEA to model technical efficiency (i.e., proportion of observed outcomes to benchmarked outcomes for given input levels). The primary models used the constant returns-to-scale specification and featured cost-per-participant, total full-time equivalent (FTE) effort, and tobacco treatment specialist effort as model inputs and reach and effectiveness (quit rates) as outcomes. Results In the DEA model featuring cost-per-participant (input) and reach/effectiveness (outcomes), average constant returns-to-scale technical efficiency was 25.66 (SD = 24.56). When stratified by program characteristics, technical efficiency was higher among programs in cohort 1 (M = 29.15, SD = 28.65, n = 11) vs. cohort 2 (M = 17.99, SD = 10.16, n = 5), with point-of-care (M = 33.90, SD = 28.63, n = 9) vs. no point-of-care services (M = 15.59, SD = 14.31, n = 7), larger (M = 33.63, SD = 30.38, n =

关键词： Data envelopment analysis Efficiency program performance Implementation costs Smoking cessation Implementation science Tobacco treatment Cancer

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''Endless'' Workload Analysis of Large-Scale Supercomputers

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LOBACHEVSKII JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS 2021年第1期42卷 184-194页

作者： Shvets, P. A. Voevodin, V. V. Lomonosov Moscow State Univ Moscow 119991 Russia Moscow Ctr Fundamental & Appl Math Moscow 119991 Russia

Modern supercomputers are so large and complex that some of their hardware components inevitably go out of order from time to time. Therefore, supercomputer systems require constant and careful health monitoring, and such control is set up in everyday practice of any large HPC center. But a lot of attention should be also paid to the quality of supercomputer usage, describing how fully and efficiently computational resources are utilized. And this task is still far from being solved, leading to system administrators of most supercomputers knowing very little about the quality of their supercomputer job flow as well as possible ways to improve it. In this paper, we present a looped report system that allows to obtain and analyze information of any level of detail about all important aspects describing the quality of the supercomputer workload, starting from the overall system functioning and up to individual job launches. It provides great flexibility by offering an ''endless'' number of workload analysis scenarios, which allows to determine root causes of various cases of performance degradation using the same approach. This report system is built upon the previously developed TASC software package, aimed at identifying and analyzing performance issues both at the level of individual parallel applications and the entire supercomputer as a whole.

关键词： supercomputer workload analysis operational data analytics program performance monitoring data job flow efficiency TASC

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Innovative activity and ethnic dynamics: an exploratory study of homophilic relationships among minority entrepreneurs

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INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 2024年第1期20卷 253-264页

作者： Link, Albert N. Univ N Carolina Dept Econ Greensboro NC 27402 USA

Homophily studies have tended to focus on gender and race. Albeit that these comparisons are important, a focus on ethnic group relationships is conspicuously absent in the literature. In an effort to begin to fill this void, homophilic ethnic relationships among firm owners and publicly funded research project principal investigators is considered in this paper. Using data on Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program-funded projects and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program-funded projects, we find that the performance enhancing benefit of a homophilic relationship is dependent on the area of technology research. To the extent that the area of technology research is reflected in terms of the federal agency funding the research project, Department of Defense-funded projects are less enhanced by homophilic relationships than are research projects funded by other federal agencies.

关键词： Homophily SBIR STTR Project R & D program performance

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Predicting performance via Automated Feature-Interaction Detection

Predicting Performance via Automated Feature-Interaction Det...

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34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Siegmund, Norbert Kolesnikov, Sergiy S. Kaestner, Christian Apel, Sven Batory, Don Rosenmueller, Marko Saake, Gunter Univ Magdeburg D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Univ Passau Passau Germany Philipps Univ Marburg Marburg Germany Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467310673

Customizable programs and program families provide user-selectable features to allow users to tailor a program to an application scenario. Knowing in advance which feature selection yields the best performance is difficult because a direct measurement of all possible feature combinations is infeasible. Our work aims at predicting program performance based on selected features. However, when features interact, accurate predictions are challenging. An interaction occurs when a particular feature combination has an unexpected influence on performance. We present a method that automatically detects performance-relevant feature interactions to improve prediction accuracy. To this end, we propose three heuristics to reduce the number of measurements required to detect interactions. Our evaluation consists of six real-world case studies from varying domains (e. g., databases, encoding libraries, and web servers) using different configuration techniques (e. g., configuration files and preprocessor flags). Results show an average prediction accuracy of 95%.

关键词： Online resources PREDICTED performance DIRECT METERING optimum performance program performance advance Libraries Database Automation program processors

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